• ==Heinrich I "der Vogler"==
• ==Henry I 'the Fowler==

Links

• The Peerage
• Geneall
• King of Germany (formally King of East Francia) Reign 24. May 919 – 2. July 936 Coronation none

Predecessor: Conrad I Successor: Otto I

• Duke of Saxony Reign 30. November 912 – 2. July 936

Predecessor: Otto the Illustrious Successor: Otto I

Graf im Südthuringau, König von Östfrankreich.

Parents: Otto der Erlauchte von Sachsen & Hadwig

Spouses:

1. Hatheburg, Tochter des sächsischen Grafen Erwin (senior), divorced 909

One child:

   * Thankmar († 938)

2. Mathilde, Tochter des Grafen Dietrich in Westfalen (Immedinger)

Children:

   * Otto I. (912–973) – verheiratet mit Editha/Edgith2. Adelheid, 

   * Gerberga – verheiratet mit Giselbert, Herzog von Lothringen und danach mit Ludwig IV. von Frankreich

   * Hadwig – verheiratet mit Hugo, Herzog von Franzien

   * Heinrich I. (ca. 920–955), Herzog von Bayern – verheiratet mit Judith von Bayern

   * Brun (925–965), Erzbischof von Köln

LINKS

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/GERMANY,%20Kings.htm#_Toc144380769

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_I._%28Ostfrankenreich%29

MEDIEVAL LANDS

HEINRICH, son of OTTO "dem Erlauchten" Graf [im Südthüringau] & his wife Hedwig [Babenberg] ([876]-Memleben[135] 2 Jul 936, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche).

Thietmar records that Heinrich was "born of the noble lineage of Otto and Hadwig"[136]. According to the Annalista Saxo, he was son of the unnamed sister of Adalbert [Babenberg], with whom he and his brothers fought against the Konradiner family, his complete parentage being recorded in a later passage[137].

He was elected HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany at Fritzlar 6 May 919, but refused unction offered by Heriger Archbishop of Mainz[138].

King Heinrich re-established Saxon domination over the Slavs after successful campaigns against the Hevelli in 928 and against the Daleminzi and Bohemians in 929[139].

He founded Meissen in [928/29][140].

He defeated "Knud I" King of Denmark[141]. He defeated the Magyars at the battle of Riade near Merseburg in 933, their first major setback in their raids on western Europe[142].

The necrology of Fulda records the death "936 Kal Iul" of "Heinrih rex"[143]. Thietmar records the death of King Heinrich 2 Jul 936 at Memleben "in the…sixtieth year of his life" and his burial at Quedlinburg "which he himself had constructed from the ground up"[144]. The necrology of Merseburg records the death "2 Jul" of "Heinricus rex pater magni oddonis"[145].

m firstly (906, divorced 909) as her second husband, HATHEBURG, widow of ---, daughter of EBERWIN & his wife ---.

Thietmar names Hatheburg as daughter of "lord Erwin", specifying that she was widowed (without naming her first husband), when recording her marriage to Heinrich[146]. Widukind records the mother of "Thancmari" as "filia materteræ Sigifridi"[147].

She had become a nun after the death of her first husband, which presumably provided the reason for "the outrage perpetrated through this marriage" and the basis for the couple's separation although it is not explicitly expressed as such by Thietmar[148].

m secondly (Wallhausen 909) MATHILDE, daughter of Graf THEODERICH [Immedinger] & his wife Reginlind --- ([896]-Quedlinburg 14 Mar 968, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche).

King Heinrich & his first wife had one child:

1. THANKMAR ([907/09]-murdered Eresburg 28 Jul 938).

King Heinrich & his second wife had five children:

The number and names of these children appear definitive (apart from any who died in infancy) as shown by a list of names in the Libri Confraternitatum Sancti Galli which sets out (in order) "Heinrich, Mathilt, Otto, Heinrich, Prun, Kerbrich, Adawi, Kysilbref", no doubt referring to King Heinrich, his wife, children and son-in-law[162]. The list is undated but was presumably written during the period [929/36] as King Heinrich's other son-in-law Hugues Duc des Francs (married 937) is not included.

1. Otto (b. 23 November 912, d. 7 May 973 in Memleben, buried Magdeburg Cathedral, elected Otto I der Grosse, King of Germany in 936, installed at Aachen)

2. Gerberga (b. 913/914 in Nordhausen, d. 5 May 984 in Rheims, buried Abbaye de Reims, married firstly Giselbert Graf von Maasgau, Duke of Lotharingia, secondly Louis IV d'Outremer, King of the West Franks)

3. Heinrich (b. Dec. 919/22 April 922, d. 1 November 955 in Regensburg, buried St-Emmeran in Regensburg, installed as Duke of Lotharingia in 940, Duke of Bavaria in 947)

4. Hadwig (b. c.922, d. 9 January 958 or after 965, married Hugues Le Grand, Duc des Francs, OUR ANCESTOR)

5. Bruno (b. May 925, d. 11 October 965 in Rheims, buried at St. Pantaleon in Cologne, installed as Bruno Duke of Lotharingia)

The precise relationships between the following individuals and Emperor Otto I have not been identified. In each case, the primary sources report an indirect family relationship either between these persons, or members of their families, and the emperor. The connection is not necessarily through the agnatic side: a likely possibility is through the numerous family of Mathilde, second wife of Heinrich I King of Germany, about whom little definite information is known

1. [--- . m ---, sister of ROBERT Archbishop of Trier, daughter of ---. The Gesta Treverorum records that "Rubertus archiepiscopus" came from "regno quod Lotharingium vocatur" adding that "soror eius imperatori in matrimonio iuncta fuit"[195]. The existence of a relationship between this family and the Ottonian emperors is confirmed by the Vita Richardi abbatis S Vidoni Virdunensis which names "comes Lietardus, Ottonis imperator consanguineus"[196].]

2. BERENGAR (-11 Aug [958 or 959]). The Annales Sancti Vitoni Virdudensis record the appointment of "Berengarius, Ottonis imperatoris consanguineus" as Bishop of Verdun in 941, and his death in 958[197]. The necrology of Verdun Cathedral records the death "III Id Aug" of "Berengerus episcopus qui dedit fratribus Beslanevillam"[198]. The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "II Id Aug DCCCCLIX" of "dominus Berengarius episcopus Virdunensis"[199].

3. MATHILDE . "Otto…rex" confirmed a donation to Kloster Hilwarthausen of "villam Hrethon…in pago Hassia ac comitatu Dodichonis comitis" m

-------------------------

WIKIPEDIA (Eng)

Henry I the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler; Latin: Henricius Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the Duke of Saxony from 912 and King of the Germans from 919 until his death.

First of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler"[1] because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.

Family

Born in Memleben, in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Henry was the son of Otto the Illustrious, Duke of Saxony, and his wife Hedwiga, daughter of Henry of Franconia and Ingeltrude and a great-great-granddaughter of Charlemagne.

In 906 he married Hatheburg, daughter of the Saxon count Erwin, but divorced her in 909, after she had given birth to his son Thankmar. Later that year he married St Matilda of Ringelheim, daughter of Dietrich, Count of Westphalia. Matilda bore him three sons, one called Otto, and two daughters, Hedwige and Gerberga and founded many religious institutions, including the abbey of Quedlinburg where Henry is buried, and was later canonized.

Succession

Henry became Duke of Saxony upon his father's death in 912. An able ruler, he continued to strengthen Saxony, frequently in conflict with his neighbors to the South, the dukes of Franconia.

In 918 Conrad I, King of East Francia and Duke of Franconia, died. Although they had been at odds with each other from 912–15 over the title to lands in Thuringia, before he died Conrad recommended Henry as his successor. Conrad's choice was conveyed by Duke Eberhard of Franconia, Conrad's brother and heir, at the Reichstag of Fritzlar in 919. The assembled Franconian and Saxon nobles duly elected Henry to be king.

Archbishop Heriger of Mainz offered to anoint Henry according to the usual ceremony, but he refused to be anointed by a high church official — the only King of his time not to undergo that rite — allegedly because he wished to be king not by the church's but by the people's acclaim. Duke Burchard II of Swabia soon swore fealty to the new King, but Duke Arnulf of Bavaria did not submit until Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921. Last, Henry besieged Ratisbon (Regensburg) and forced Arnulf of Bavaria into submission.

In 920, Charles the Simple invaded Germany and marched as far as Pfeddersheim near Worms, but retired on hearing that Henry was arming against him. [2]

On November 7th, 921 Henry and Charles the Simple met each other and concluded a treaty between them. However, with the beginning of civil war in France, Henry sought to wrest Lorraine from the Western Kingdom. In the year of 923 Henry crossed the Rhine twice. Later in the year he entered Lorraine with an army, capturing a large part of the country. Until October of 924 the eastern part of Lorraine was left in Henry's possession.[citation needed]

Policy

Henry regarded the kingdom as a confederation of stem duchies rather than as a feudal kingdom and saw himself as primus inter pares. Instead of seeking to administer the empire through counts, as Charlemagne had done and as his successors had attempted, Henry allowed the dukes of Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria to maintain complete internal control of their holdings.

In 925, Giselbert again rebelled. Henry invaded Lorraine and besieged Giselbert at Zillpich, captured the town, and became master of a large portion of Lotharingia (Lorraine). Thus he brought that realm, which had been lost in 910, back into the German kingdom as the fifth stem duchy (the others being Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, and Bavaria). Allowing Giselbert to remain in power as duke of Lotharingia, Henry arranged the marriage of his daughter Gerberga of Saxony to his new vassal in 928.

Henry was an able military leader. In 921 Hungarians invaded Germany and Italy. Although a sizable force was routed near Bleiburg in Carinthia by Eberhard and the Count of Meran [3] and another group was routed by Liutfried, count of Elsace, Henry was forced to pay a tribute to the Magyars, (Hungarians), who had repeatedly raided Germany. By doing so he secured a 10-year truce so that he could fortify towns and train a new elite cavalry force.[citation needed]

During the truce with the Magyars, Henry subdued the Northern Slavic Tribes. In the winter of 928, he marched against the Havelli and seized their capital, Brandenburg. He then invaded Dalemintzi on the lower Elbe, and conquered Jahna, the capital after a siege.

In 929, with the help of Duke Arnulf, Henry entered Bohemia. Wenceslas surrendered his lands, but received them back as a fief of the German crown, agreeing to pay a yearly tribute to the German emperor.

Meanwhile, the Redarii had driven away their chief and captured the town of Walsleben and massacred the inhabitants. Counts Bernard and Thietmar marched against the fortress of Lenzen on the right bank of the Elbe, and, after fierce fighting, completely routed the enemy on 4 September 929. The Lusatians and the Ukrani on the lower Oder were subdued and made tributary in 932 and 934, respectively.[4]

In 933 Henry, with the end of his truce with the Magyars, refused to pay the regular tribute. When the Magyars began raiding again, he led an army of all the German tribes to victory at the Battle of Riade in 933 near the river Unstrut, thus stopping the Magyar advance into Germany.

He also pacified territories to the north, where the Danes had been harrying the Frisians by sea. The monk and historian Widukind of Corvey in his Res gestae Saxonicae reports that the Danes were subjects of Henry the Fowler. Henry incorporated into his kingdom territories held by the Wends, who together with the Danes had attacked Germany, and also conquered Schleswig in 934.[citation needed]

Death and aftermath

Henry died of a cerebral stroke on 2 July 936 in his palatium in Memleben, one of his favourite places. By then all German tribes were united in a single kingdom. Henry I is therefore considered the first German king and the founder of the eventual Holy Roman Empire. He has sometimes been considered to be Henry I, Holy Roman Emperor.[citation needed]

His son Otto succeeded him as Emperor. His second son, Henry, became Duke of Bavaria. A third son, Brun (or Bruno), became archbishop of Cologne.

His son from his first marriage, Thankmar, rebelled against his half-brother Otto and was killed in battle in 936. After the death of her husband Duke Giselbert of Lotharingia, Henry's daughter Gerberga of Saxony married King Louis IV of France.

His youngest daughter, Hedwige of Saxony, married Duke Hugh the Great of France and was the mother of Hugh Capet, the first Capetian king of France.[citation needed]

Henry returned to public attention as a character in Richard Wagner's opera, Lohengrin (1850). There are indications that Heinrich Himmler saw himself the reincarnation of the first king of Germany.[5]

Duke of Saxony, Reign 912–936

King of Germany, Reign 919–936

House: Ottonian

Father: Otto, Duke of Saxony

Mother: Hedwiga

Born 876, Germany

Died 936. Germany

See also

• Kings of Germany family tree. He was related to every other king of Germany.

Notes

1. ^ A fowler is one who hunts wildfowl.

2. ^ Gwatkin ,The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1926.p 180

3. ^ Menzel, W. Germany from the Earliest Period

4. ^ Gwatkin ,The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III.

5. ^ Frischauer, Willi. Himmler, the Evil Genius of the Third Reich. London: Odhams, 1953, pages 85-88; Kersten, Felix. The Kersten Memoirs: 1940-1945. New York: Macmillan, 1957, page 238.

References

1. Gwatkin, H. M., Whitney, J. P. (ed) et al. The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1926.

2. Menzel , W. Germany from the Earliest Period . Vol I

--------------------

FURTHER LINKS

Thepeerage: http://thepeerage.com/p10324.htm#i103238

Geneall: http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=406944

http://w1.317.telia.com/~u31707465/knutjonsson.htm#t_1_13_2258

http://www.francogene.com/quebec--genealogy/134/134979.php

--------------------

Enrique I (Heinrich I), llamado el Pajarero, (876-936). En 912 es nombrado duque de Sajonia, y en 919 sucede a Conrado I como rey de la Francia Orientalis.

En sus veinticuatro años de reinado, Enrique abordó con éxito algunos de los problemas más acuciantes que sufría el reino, tales como la consolidación de la institución frente a los grandes y la ampliación de zonas de influencia, con la anexión de Lorena y la intervención en Bohemia. Además llevó a cabo una importante labor de impulso a la colonización, movimiento conocido como Drang nach Osten, que afectó el norte y este del país y permitió consolidar esas zonas de población frente a las incursiones de húngaros, eslavos y suecos.

Durante su reinado, se produjo un gran avance en la evangelización del reino de Bohemia y en el fortalecimiento de las estructuras eclesiásticas, retomando la política carolingia de apoyo a las comunidades monásticas y valiéndose de numerosos hombres de la iglesia en la administración del estado.

La fortificación de los castillos del sur de Germania y la reorganización de la caballería pesada culminan su obra política, salvada gracias a su insistencia en nombrar sucesor como Rey de Germania a su hijo Otón I el Grande, para evitar la división del reino después de su muerte.

Enrique murió de un ataque cerebral el 2 de julio de 936, en su palacio en Memleben, uno de sus lugares favoritos. Para entonces, todas las tribus germanas estaban unidas en un solo reino. Enrique I es por lo tanto considerado el primer rey alemán y el fundador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico. Enrique era hijo de Oton I, duque de Sajonia, y de Hedwige de Franconia.

Enrique se casó dos veces. La primera vez, con Hateburge de Alstadt, quien le dio un hijo, Thankmar. Su segundo matrimonio fue con Matilde de Ringelheim.

El primer hijo de esta unión, Otón, lo sucedió como emperador. Su segundo hijo, Enrique, se convirtió en duque de Baviera. Su tercer hijo, Bruno, fue duque de Lotaringia y arzobispo de Colonia. Su hijo por su primer matrimonio, Thankmar, se rebeló contra su medio hermano Otón, y murió en la batalla de Eresburg en el año 936.

Con respecto a sus hijas, Gerberga de Sajonia, luego de la muerte de su primer marido, el duque Giselberto de Lotaringia, se casó con el rey Luis IV de Francia, y fue madre del rey Lotario de Francia. Su hija más joven, Hedwige de Sajonia, se casó con Hugo el Grande, duque de Francia y conde de París, y fue la madre de Hugo Capeto, el fundador de la Dinastía de los Capetos.

--------------------

Henry I the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler; Latin: Henricius Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death. First of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler"[1] because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.Born in Memleben, in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Henry was the son of Otto the Illustrious, duke of Saxony, and his wife Hedwiga, daughter of Henry of Franconia and Ingeltrude and a great-great-granddaughter of Charlemagne. In 906 he married Hatheburg, daughter of the Saxon count Erwin, but divorced her in 909, after she had given birth to his son Thankmar. Later that year he married St Matilda of Ringelheim, daughter of Dietrich, count in Westphalia. St Matilda bore him one son called Otto and two daughters, Hedwige and Gerberga and founded many religious institutions, including the abbey of Quedlinburg where Henry is buried, and was later canonized.

[edit] Succession

Henry became duke of Saxony upon his father's death in 912. An able ruler, he continued to strengthen Saxony, frequently in conflict with his neighbors to the South, the dukes of Franconia.

In 918 Conrad I, king of East Francia and duke of Franconia, died. Although they had been at odds with each other from 912–15 over the title to lands in Thuringia, before he died Conrad had recommended Henry as his successor and king. Conrad's choice was conveyed by Duke Eberhard of Franconia, Conrad's brother and heir, at the Reichstag of Fritzlar in 919. The assembled Franconian and Saxon nobles duly elected Henry to be king. Henry refused to be anointed by a high church official — the only king of his time not to undergo that rite — allegedly because he did not wish to be king by the church's but by the people's acclaim. Duke Burchard II of Swabia soon swore fealty to the new king, but duke Arnulf of Bavaria did not submit until Henry invaded Bavaria in 921.

[edit] Policy

Henry regarded the kingdom as a confederation of stem duchies rather than as a feudal kingdom and saw himself as primus inter pares. Instead of seeking to administer the empire through counts, as Charlemagne had done and as his successors had attempted, Henry allowed the dukes of Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria to maintain complete internal control of their holdings. In 925 he defeated Giselbert, duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine), and brought that realm, which had been lost in 910, back into the German kingdom as the fifth stem duchy (the others being Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, and Bavaria). Allowing Giselbert to remain in power as duke of Lotharingia, Henry arranged the marriage of his daughter Gerberga of Saxony to his new vassal in 928.

Henry was an able military leader. In 924 he paid a tribute to the Magyars (Hungarians), who had repeatedly raided Germany, and thereby secured a ten-year truce so that he could fortify towns and train a new elite cavalry force. During the truce with the Magyars, Henry conquered the Havelli and the Daleminzi in 928 and put down a rebellion in Bohemia in 929. When the Magyars began raiding again, he led an army of all German tribes to victory at the battle of Riade in 933 near the river Unstrut, stopping their advance into Germany. He also pacified territories to the north, where the Danes had harried the Frisians by sea. The monk and historian Widukind of Corvey in his Res gestae Saxonicae reports that the Danes were subjects of Henry the Fowler. Henry incorporated into his kingdom territories held by the Wends, who together with the Danes had attacked Germany, and also conquered Schleswig in 934.

[edit] Death and aftermath

Henry died of a cerebral stroke on 2 July 936 in his palatium in Memleben, one of his favourite places. By then all German tribes were united in a single kingdom. Henry I is therefore considered the first German king and the founder of the eventual Holy Roman Empire. He has sometimes been considered as Henry I, Holy Roman Emperor.

His son Otto succeeded him as Emperor. His second son, Henry, became duke of Bavaria. A third son, Brun (or Bruno), became archbishop of Cologne. His son from his first marriage, Thankmar, rebelled against his half-brother Otto and was killed in battle in 936. After the death of her husband Duke Giselbert of Lotharingia, Henry's daughter Gerberga of Saxony married King Louis IV of France. His youngest daughter, Hedwige of Saxony, married Duke Hugh the Great of France and was the mother of Hugh Capet, the first Capetian king of France.

Henry returned to public attention as a character in Richard Wagner's opera, Lohengrin (1850). There are indications that Heinrich Himmler imagined himself the reincarnation of the first king of Germany.[2]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

--------------------

Henry the Fowler

--------------------

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_I._%28Ostfrankenreich%29

--------------------

Henry I the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler; Latin: Henricius Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death. First of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler" because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.

--------------------

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_the_Fowler

--------------------

   Henry the Fowler is also the name of a wandering minstrel from the Tirol, the author of two cycles about Dietrich von Bern.

Henry I the Fowler

King of the Germans, Duke of the Saxons

Reign 23 April 919 – 2 July 936

Coronation None

Born 876

Birthplace Memleben, Saxony

Died 2 July 936

Place of death Memleben

Predecessor Conrad I

Successor Otto I

Consort Matilda of Ringelheim

Royal House Liudolfing

Father Otto the Illustrious

Mother Hedwiga of Franconia

Henry met by a delegation offering the crown while trapping birds. This depiction of the legend was painted by Hermann Vogel in 1900

Henry met by a delegation offering the crown while trapping birds. This depiction of the legend was painted by Hermann Vogel in 1900

Henry I the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler; Latin: Henricius Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death. First of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler"[1] because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.

Contents

[hide]

   * 1 Family

   * 2 Succession

   * 3 Policy

   * 4 Death and aftermath

   * 5 Notes

[edit] Family

Born in Memleben, in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Henry was the son of Otto the Illustrious, duke of Saxony, and his wife Hedwiga, daughter of Henry of Franconia and Ingeltrude and a great-great-granddaughter of Charlemagne. In 906 he married Hatheburg, daughter of the Saxon count Erwin, but divorced her in 909, after she had given birth to his son Thankmar. Later that year he married St Matilda of Ringelheim, daughter of Dietrich, count in western Saxony (Westfalia).St Matilda bore him three sons and two daughters and founded many religious institutions, including the abbey of Quedlinburg where Henry is buried, and was later canonized.

[edit] Succession

Henry became duke of Saxony upon his father's death in 912. An able ruler, he continued to strengthen Saxony, frequently in conflict with his neighbors to the South, the dukes of Franconia.

In 918 Conrad I, king of the East-Francian Empire and duke of Franconia, died. Although they had been at odds with each other from 912 to 915 over the title to lands in Thuringia, before he died Conrad had recommended Henry as his successor as king. Conrad's choice was conveyed by Duke Eberhard of Franconia, Conrad's brother and heir, at the Reichstag of Fritzlar in 919. The assembled Franconian and Saxon nobles duly elected Henry to be king. Henry refused to be anointed by a high church official - the only king of his time not to undergo that rite – allegedly because he did not wish to be king by the church's but by the people's acclaim. Duke Burchard II of Swabia soon swore fealty to the new king, but duke Arnulf of Bavaria did not submit until Henry invaded Bavaria in 921.

[edit] Policy

Henry regarded the kingdom as a confederation of tribal duchies rather than as a feudal kingdom and saw himself as primus inter pares. Instead of seeking to administer the empire through counts, as Charlemagne had done and as his successors had attempted, Henry allowed the dukes of Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria to maintain complete internal control of their holdings. In 925 he defeated Giselbert, duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine), and brought that realm, which had been lost in 910, back into the German kingdom as the fifth tribal duchy (the others being Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, and Bavaria). Allowing Giselbert to remain in power as duke of Lotharingia, Henry arranged the marriage of his daughter Gerberga of Saxony to his new vassal in 928.

Henry was an able military leader. In 924 Henry paid a tribute to the Magyars (Hungarians), who had repeatedly raided Germany, and thereby secured a ten-year truce so that he could fortify towns and train a new elite cavalry force. During the truce with the Magyars, Henry conquered the Havelli and the Daleminzi in 928 and put down a rebellion in Bohemia in 929. When the Magyars began raiding again, he led an army of all German tribes to victory at the battle of Riade in 933 near the river Unstrut, stopping their advance into Germany. He also pacified territories to the north, where the Danes had harried the Frisians by sea. The monk and historian Widukind of Corvey in his Res gestae Saxonicae reports that the Danes were subjects of Henry the Fowler. Henry incorporated into his kingdom territories held by the Wends, who together with the Danes had attacked Germany, and also conquered Schleswig in 934.

[edit] Death and aftermath

Henry died of a cerebral stroke on 2 July 936 in his palatium in Memleben, one of his favourite places. By then all German tribes were united in a single kingdom. Henry I is therefore considered the first German king and the founder of the eventual Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation). He has sometimes been considered as Holy Roman Emperor, Henry I.

His son Otto succeeded him as Emperor. His second son, Henry, became duke of Bavaria. A third son, Brun (or Bruno), became archbishop of Cologne. His son from his first marriage, Thankmar, rebelled against his half-brother Otto and was killed in battle in 936. After the death of her husband Duke Giselbert of Lotharingia, Henry's daughter Gerberga of Saxony married King Louis IV of France. His youngest daughter Hedwige of Saxony married Duke (Hugh the Great) of France and was the mother of Hugh Capet, the first Capetian king of France.

Henry returned to public attention as a character in Richard Wagner's opera, Lohengrin (1850). There are indications that Heinrich Himmler imagined himself the reincarnation of the first king of Germany.[2]

--------------------

Duke of Saxony, King of Germany

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler

--------------------

From http://www.rpi.edu/~holmes/Hobbies/Genealogy/ps03/ps03_455.htm

German king and founder of the Saxon dynasty (918-1024) who strengthened the East Frankish, or German, army, encouraged the growth of towns, brought Lotharingia (Lorraine) back under German control (925), and secured German borders against pagan incursions.

The son of Otto the Illustrious, the Liudolfing duke of Saxony, Henry became duke at his father's death (912). His first marriage, to Hatheburg, daughter of Erwin, count of Merseburg, was declared invalid because she had become a nun after her first husband's death. He married Matilda, daughter of Dietrich, count of Westphalia, in 909; their eldest son would rule as the Holy Roman emperor Otto I the Great (936-973).

Although at war (912-915) with Conrad I of Franconia (German king, 903-918) over title to lands in Thuringia, Henry received Conrad's deathbed designation as heir to the throne. He was elected king of Germany (May 919) by nobles of Saxony and Franconia, two of the four most influential duchies; the other two important duchies, Swabia and Bavaria, did not recognize him as king.

Henry considered Germany a confederation of duchies rather than a nation. Having complete authority in Saxony and nominal sovereignty in Franconia, he sought to bring the duchies of Swabia and Bavaria into the confederation. After forcing the submission of Burchard, duke of Swabia (919), he allowed the duke to retain control over the civil administration of the duchy. On the basis of an election by Bavarian and East Frankish nobles (919), Arnulf, duke of Bavaria, also claimed the German throne. In 921, after two military campaigns, the king forced Arnulf to submit and relinquish his claim to the throne, though the duke retained complete internal control of Bavaria.

Henry defeated Giselbert, king of Lotharingia, in 925, and that region, which had become independent of Germany in 910, was brought back under German control. Giselbert, who was recognized as duke of Lotharingia, married the king's daughter Gerberga in 928.

When the Magyars, barbarian warriors from Hungary, invaded Germany in 924, Henry agreed to pay tribute to them and return a captured Magyar chief in exchange for a nine-year (924-933) cession of raids on German territory. During these years the king built fortified towns and trained the cavalry force he used to defeat various Slavic tribes; he conquered the Havelli at Brandenburg and the Daleminzi at Meissen in 928 and suppressed a rebellion in Bohemia in 929. The king refused to pay more tribute when the nine-year truce ended in 933. He used his seasoned cavalry to destroy the Magyars, who had resumed their raids, at Riade on March 15, 933, and ended their threat to the German countryside. The king's last campaign, an invasion of Denmark (934), added the territory of Schleswig to the German state.

The story that Henry received the surname Fowler because he was laying bird snares when informed of his election as king is probably a myth.

Building on the strong base achieved by his father, Henry I further extended Saxony and was elected German King in 919. He walled towns and built substantial fortifications; he established markets, churches and monasteries and encouraged learning and culture. He defended Germany against the Wends (929), the Magyars (who invaded Thuringia in 933) and the Viking Danes (934). He was the first to create a unified Germany.

References: [Weis1],[AR7],[WallopFH],[Moncreiffe],[RFC],[JAMS], [Henneberg]

--------------------

Kung av Tyskland 919–936. Ibland omnämns han som kejsare. Henrik Fågelfängaren var Sachsens förste kung av den "Ottonska dynastin". Han var son till hertig Otto.

--------------------

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler

--------------------

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_I_da_Germânia

Henrique I da Germânia "o Passarinheiro" em Alemão (Heinrich der Finkler ou Heinrich der Vogler - Henricius Auceps, em latim) (876 – Quedlinburg, Memleben, Sachsen, 2 de julho de 936) foi duque da Saxônia a partir de 912 d.C. e rei dos germanos (chamado Henrique I da Germânia) de 919 até a sua morte, em 936. Primeiro da dinastia otoniana de reis e imperadores germanos, é considerado o fundador e primeiro rei do império alemão medieval, até então conhecido como Frância Oriental. Recebeu o epíteto "passarinheiro" porque teria recebido a notícia de sua eleição como rei no momento em que consertava as suas redes de passarinhagem. Sucedeu-o no trono seu filho Otão I da Germânia.

--------------------

Occupation: King of Germany -------------------- Obtained the epithet "the Fowler"[1] because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king. -------------------- Duke of Saxony -------------------- Duke of Saxony -------------------- Henry the Fowler

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Heinrich der Vogler" redirects here. For the minstrel and poet, see Heinrich der Vogler (poet).

Heinrich I

Henry met by a delegation offering the crown while trapping birds. This depiction of the legend was painted by Hermann Vogel in 1900

Duke of Saxony

Reign 912 – 936

King of Germany

Reign 919-936

Full name

(German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler, Latin: Henricius Auceps)

House Ottonian

Father Otto, Duke of Saxony

Mother Hedwiga

Born 876

Died 936

Henry I the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler; Latin: Henricius Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death. First of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler"[1] because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.

Contents [hide]

1 Family

2 Succession

3 Policy

4 Death and aftermath

5 Ancestry

6 See also

7 Notes

8 References

[edit]Family

Born in Memleben, in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Henry was the son of Otto the Illustrious, duke of Saxony, and his wife Hedwiga, daughter of Henry of Franconia and Ingeltrude and a great-great-granddaughter of Charlemagne. In 906 he married Hatheburg, daughter of the Saxon count Erwin, but divorced her in 909, after she had given birth to his son Thankmar. Later that year he married St Matilda of Ringelheim, daughter of Dietrich, count in Westphalia. St Matilda bore him one son called Otto and two daughters, Hedwige and Gerberga and founded many religious institutions, including the abbey of Quedlinburg where Henry is buried, and was later canonized.

[edit]Succession

Henry became duke of Saxony upon his father's death in 912. An able ruler, he continued to strengthen Saxony, frequently in conflict with his neighbors to the South, the dukes of Franconia.

In 918 Conrad I, king of East Francia and duke of Franconia, died. Although they had been at odds with each other from 912–15 over the title to lands in Thuringia, before he died Conrad had recommended Henry as his successor and king. Conrad's choice was conveyed by Duke Eberhard of Franconia, Conrad's brother and heir, at the Reichstag of Fritzlar in 919. The assembled Franconian and Saxon nobles duly elected Henry to be king Archbishop Heriger of Mayence offered to anoint him according to the usual ceremony, but Henry refused to be anointed by a high church official — the only king of his time not to undergo that rite — allegedly because he did not wish to be king by the church's but by the people's acclaim. Duke Burchard II of Swabia soon swore fealty to the new king, but duke Arnulf of Bavaria did not submit until Henry Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921 . In last , Henry Henry besieged Ratisbon (Regensburg) and forced Arnulf of Bavaria to submission .

In 920, Charles the Simple invaded Germany and marched as far as Pfeddersheim near Worms, but retired on hearing that Henry was arming against him. [2]

on 7 November 921 Henry and Charles the Simple met each other and a treaty concluded between them . But with beginning of civil war in France , Henry sought to wrest Lorraine from the Western Kingdom. In the year of 923 Henry Twice crossed the Rhine. Later in the year he entered Lorraine with an army, captured a large part of the country. Until October of 924 and the eastern part of Lorraine was left in Henry's possession.

[edit]Policy

Henry regarded the kingdom as a confederation of stem duchies rather than as a feudal kingdom and saw himself as primus inter pares. Instead of seeking to administer the empire through counts, as Charlemagne had done and as his successors had attempted, Henry allowed the dukes of Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria to maintain complete internal control of their holdings.In 925 , Giselbert again rebelled , Henry invaded Lorrain and besieged Giselbert at Zillpich, captured the town, and became master of a large portion of Lotharingia (Lorraine), and brought that realm, which had been lost in 910, back into the German kingdom as the fifth stem duchy (the others being Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, and Bavaria). Allowing Giselbert to remain in power as duke of Lotharingia, Henry arranged the marriage of his daughter Gerberga of Saxony to his new vassal in 928.

Henry was an able military leader. In 921 Hungarians Invaded Germany and Italy . Although the , A hord of them routed near Bleiburg, in Carinthia, by Eberhard and the Count of Meran [3] and another horde routed by Liutfried count of Elsace , Henry , forced to paid a tribute to the Magyars, (Hungarians), who had repeatedly raided Germany, and thereby secured a ten-year truce so that he could fortify towns and train a new elite cavalry force.

During the truce with the Magyars, Henry subdued the Northern Salvic Tribes . In winter of 928, he marched against the Havelli, seized their capital, Brannibor (Brandenburg) then invaded Dalemintzi on the lower Elbe, after a siege conquered their capital Jahna . In 929 he with the help of Duke Arnulf entered Bohemia , Wenceslas surrendered his lands, received them back as a fief of the German crown, and agreed to pay a yearly tribute to German emperor . The Redarii had driven away their chief and captured the town of Walsleben and massacred the inhabitants. The Counts Bernard and Thietmar marched against the fortress of Lenzen on the right bank of the Elbe, and, after fierce fighting, completely routed the enemy on 4 September 929. In 932 the Lusatians and in 934 the Ukrani on the lower Oder were subdued and made tributary.[4]

In 933 Henry , with end of truce between and empire , refused the accustomed tribute.When the Magyars began raiding again, he led an army of all German tribes to victory at the Battle of Riade in 933 near the river Unstrut, stopping their advance into Germany. He also pacified territories to the north, where the Danes had harried the Frisians by sea. The monk and historian Widukind of Corvey in his Res gestae Saxonicae reports that the Danes were subjects of Henry the Fowler. Henry incorporated into his kingdom territories held by the Wends, who together with the Danes had attacked Germany, and also conquered Schleswig in 934.

[edit]Death and aftermath

Henry died of a cerebral stroke on 2 July 936 in his palatium in Memleben, one of his favourite places. By then all German tribes were united in a single kingdom. Henry I is therefore considered the first German king and the founder of the eventual Holy Roman Empire. He has sometimes been considered as Henry I, Holy Roman Emperor.

His son Otto succeeded him as Emperor. His second son, Henry, became duke of Bavaria. A third son, Brun (or Bruno), became archbishop of Cologne. His son from his first marriage, Thankmar, rebelled against his half-brother Otto and was killed in battle in 936. After the death of her husband Duke Giselbert of Lotharingia, Henry's daughter Gerberga of Saxony married King Louis IV of France. His youngest daughter, Hedwige of Saxony, married Duke Hugh the Great of France and was the mother of Hugh Capet, the first Capetian king of France.

Henry returned to public attention as a character in Richard Wagner's opera, Lohengrin (1850). There are indications that Heinrich Himmler imagined himself the reincarnation of the first king of Germany.[5]

[edit]Ancestry

Ancestors of Henry the Fowler[hide]

8. Graf Brun (Brunhart)

4. Liudolf, Duke of Saxony

9. Gisla von Verla

2. Otto I, Duke of Saxony

10. Billung of the Franks

5. Oda

11. Aeda

1. Henry the Fowler

12. Poppo of Grapfeld

6. Henry of Franconia

3. Hedwig of Franconia

14. Eberhard of Friuli

7. Ingeltrude

30. Louis the Pious

15. Gisela

31. Judith of Bavaria

[edit]See also

Kings of Germany family tree. He was related to every other king of Germany.

[edit]Notes

^ A fowler is one who hunts wildfowl.

^ Gwatkin ,The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1926.p 180

^ Menzel , W. Germany from the Earliest Period

^ Gwatkin ,The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III.

^ Frischauer, Willi. Himmler, the Evil Genius of the Third Reich. London: Odhams, 1953, pages 85-88; Kersten, Felix. The Kersten Memoirs: 1940-1945. New York: Macmillan, 1957, page 238. -------------------- Konge av Tyskland 919 - 936.

Henrik var stifter at det sachsiske hus. Han ble hertug i Sachsen etter farens død i 912.

Da Ludvig «barnet» døde i 911, holdt hele det tyske rike på å gå i fullstendig oppløsning. For å få slutt på den stadige oppdelingen av riket ved hvert arveskifte, ble Tyskland nå gjort til et valgrike. Merovinger og karolinger hadde skapt sitt rike ved erobringer og betraktet det som et slags storgods, som kongen kunne stykke ut til sine sønner etter forgodtbefinnende. Men fra nå av skulle kongedømmet ikke lenger være arvelig. Kongen skulle velges av folket, dvs. valget ble foretatt av rikets fornemste fyrster - hertugene - med de andre stormennenes og folkets bifall. En slektning av de siste karolinger, hertug Konrad av Franken, ble den første tyske valgkonge. På sitt dødsleie viste han bevis på sitt høysinn ved å overvinne seg selv til å oversende kronen, rikssverdet og kongekåpen til den dyktigste av sine motstandere, hertug Henrik av Sachsen. Tysklands vel lå Konrad mer på hjertet enn noe annet, og om noen skulle kunne redde rikets enhet, måtte det være Henrik, som også hadde sine stammefrender, de mektige sakserne, i ryggen.

Henrik går i middelalderkrønikene under navnet «Fuglefangeren» fordi han var ute på fuglejakt da han mottok budet fra Konrad. At han var en ivrig jeger, er i hvert fall ganske sikkert.

Henrik ble valgt til konge i 919. Han tilhørte en ualminnelig livskraftig slekt, hans farmor Oda ble således hele 107 år gammel. Selv hadde han en imponerende skikkelse, men var temmelig stor og tung, en ekte saksisk folkekonge. Hans rettlinjede karakter og store viljestyrke som var parret med en velgjørende og gemyttlig ro, gjorde at han nettopp var den rette mann til å forene stridbare viljer og holde et vaklende rike sammen. Som menneske var han godhjertet og trofast, som politiker like seig og utholdende som han var klok.

Overfor slaverne førte Henrik en kraftig og fremgangsrik politikk og tsjekkerne i Böhmen og Mähren ble tvunget til underkastelse under det tyske rike. Saksernes gamle arvefiende, venderne øst for Elben, beseiret han også, og fikk dessuten satt stopp for vikingenes herjinger. Han oppsøkte danskene i deres eget land, tilføyde dem et knusende nederlag og tvang danskekongen til å sverge ham troskapsed. Selv madjarenes stormflod lyktes det Henrik å demme opp for - i hvert fall for sitt eget hertugdømmes vedkommende - ved å oppføre befestede murer rundt alle bebodde steder i Sachsen og utstyre dem med garnisoner. Av disse borgene oppsto senere de første saksiske byene. Dessuten arbeidet han på å skape et sterkt kavaleri, så han kunne føre sine kriger mest mulig med rytterhærer, «små, men helt av jern», og det lyktes også virkelig for ham å kaste de ungarske hordene tilbake med slik kraft at de senere ikke våget seg over Tysklands grenser så lenge Henrik levde.

Henrik hadde stått fram i den ytterste nød og reddet Tyskland ikke bare fra indre oppløsning, men også fra store ytre farer. Men hadde han ikke hatt sine stammefrender saksernes urokkelige styrke å støtte seg til, ville han neppe ha kunnet gjennomføre den store oppgaven han hadde påtatt seg.

Han døde av slag i 936.

Tekst: Tore Nygaard

Kilder:

Carl Grimberg: Menneskenes liv og historie, bind 8, side 9-12. Allgemeine deutsche Biographie. Mogens Bugge: Våre forfedre, nr. 45. Bent og Vidar Billing Hansen: Rosensverdslektens forfedre, side 58, 67. -------------------- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler -------------------- Henry I the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler; Latin: Henricius Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the Duke of Saxony from 912 and King of the Germans from 919 until his death. First of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler"because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.

Family

Born in Memleben, in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Henry was the son of Otto the Illustrious, Duke of Saxony, and his wife Hedwiga, daughter of Henry of Franconia and Ingeltrude and a great-great-granddaughter of Charlemagne. In 906 he married Hatheburg, daughter of the Saxon count Erwin, but divorced her in 909, after she had given birth to his son Thankmar. Later that year he married St Matilda of Ringelheim, daughter of Dietrich, Count of Westphalia. Matilda bore him two sons called Otto and Henry and two daughters, Hedwige and Gerberga and founded many religious institutions, including the abbey of Quedlinburg where Henry is buried, and was later canonized.

Succession

Henry became Duke of Saxony upon his father's death in 912. An able ruler, he continued to strengthen Saxony, frequently in conflict with his neighbors to the South, the dukes of Franconia.

Although they had been at odds with each other from 912–15 over the title to lands in Thuringia, before he died Conrad recommended Henry as his successor. Conrad's choice was conveyed by Duke Eberhard of Franconia, Conrad's brother and heir, at the Reichstag of Fritzlar in 919. The assembled Franconian and Saxon nobles duly elected Henry to be king. Archbishop Heriger of Mayence offered to anoint Henry according to the usual ceremony, but he refused to be anointed by a high church official — the only king of his time not to undergo that rite — allegedly because he wished to be king not by the church's but by the people's acclaim. Duke Burchard II of Swabia soon swore fealty to the new king, but Duke Arnulf of Bavaria did not submit until Henry Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921 . Last, Henry besieged Ratisbon (Regensburg) and forced Arnulf of Bavaria into submission .

In 920, Charles the Simple invaded Germany and marched as far as Pfeddersheim near Worms, but retired on hearing that Henry was arming against him.

On November 7th, 921 Henry and Charles the Simple met each other and concluded a treaty between them. However, with the beginning of civil war in France, Henry sought to wrest Lorraine from the Western Kingdom. In the year of 923 Henry crossed the Rhine twice. Later in the year he entered Lorraine with an army, capturing a large part of the country. Until October of 924 the eastern part of Lorraine was left in Henry's possession.

Policy

Henry regarded the kingdom as a confederation of stem duchies rather than as a feudal kingdom and saw himself as primus inter pares. Instead of seeking to administer the empire through counts, as Charlemagne had done and as his successors had attempted, Henry allowed the dukes of Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria to maintain complete internal control of their holdings.In 925, Giselbert again rebelled. Henry invaded Lorraine and besieged Giselbert at Zillpich, captured the town, and became master of a large portion of Lotharingia (Lorraine). Thus he brought that realm, which had been lost in 910, back into the German kingdom as the fifth stem duchy (the others being Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, and Bavaria). Allowing Giselbert to remain in power as duke of Lotharingia, Henry arranged the marriage of his daughter Gerberga of Saxony to his new vassal in 928.

Henry was an able military leader. In 921 Hungarians invaded Germany and Italy. Although a sizable force was routed near Bleiburg in Carinthia by Eberhard and the Count of Meran and another group was routed by Liutfried, count of Elsace, Henry was forced to pay a tribute to the Magyars, (Hungarians), who had repeatedly raided Germany. By doing so he secured a ten-year truce so that he could fortify towns and train a new elite cavalry force.

During the truce with the Magyars, Henry subdued the Northern Slavic Tribes. In the winter of 928, he marched against the Havelli and seized their capital, Brandenburg. He then invaded Dalemintzi on the lower Elbe, and conquered Jahna, the capital after a siege. In 929, with the help of Duke Arnulf, Henry entered Bohemia. Wenceslas surrendered his lands, but received them back as a fief of the German crown, agreeing to pay a yearly tribute to the German emperor. Meanwhile, the Redarii had driven away their chief and captured the town of Walsleben and massacred the inhabitants. Counts Bernard and Thietmar marched against the fortress of Lenzen on the right bank of the Elbe, and, after fierce fighting, completely routed the enemy on 4 September 929. The Lusatians and the Ukrani on the lower Oder were subdued and made tributary in 932 and 934, respectively.

In 933 Henry, with the end of his truce with the Magyars, refused to pay the regular tribute. When the Magyars began raiding again, he led an army of all the German tribes to victory at the Battle of Riade in 933 near the river Unstrut, thus stopping the Magyar advance into Germany. He also pacified territories to the north, where the Danes had been harrying the Frisians by sea. The monk and historian Widukind of Corvey in his Res gestae Saxonicae reports that the Danes were subjects of Henry the Fowler. Henry incorporated into his kingdom territories held by the Wends, who together with the Danes had attacked Germany, and also conquered Schleswig in 934.

Death and aftermath

Henry died of a cerebral stroke on 2 July 936 in his palatium in Memleben, one of his favourite places. By then all German tribes were united in a single kingdom. Henry I is therefore considered the first German king and the founder of the eventual Holy Roman Empire. He has sometimes been considered to be Henry I, Holy Roman Emperor.

His son Otto succeeded him as Emperor. His second son, Henry, became Duke of Bavaria. A third son, Brun (or Bruno), became archbishop of Cologne. His son from his first marriage, Thankmar, rebelled against his half-brother Otto and was killed in battle in 936. After the death of her husband Duke Giselbert of Lotharingia, Henry's daughter Gerberga of Saxony married King Louis IV of France. His youngest daughter, Hedwige of Saxony, married Duke Hugh the Great of France and was the mother of Hugh Capet, the first Capetian king of France.

Henry returned to public attention as a character in Richard Wagner's opera, Lohengrin (1850). There are indications that Heinrich Himmler imagined himself the reincarnation of the first king of Germany

-------------------- Henry I the Fowler

From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change

Jump to: navigation, search

Henry met by a delegation offering the crown while he traps birds. This painting of the legend was done by Hermann Vogel in 1900.Henry I the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler; Latin: Henricius Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death. He was the first of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors and therefore he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, that was known until then as East Francia. As he was an eager hunter, he was called "the Fowler"[1] because it was said he fixed birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.

[change] Notes

↑ A fowler is one who hunts wildfowl. -------------------- Henrik I av Sachsen (Henrik I Fågelfängaren), född 876, död 2 juli 936, var kung av Tyskland 919–936. Ibland omnämns han som kejsare. Henrik Fågelfängaren var Sachsens förste kung av den "Ottonska dynastin". -------------------- http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_I_av_Sachsen -------------------- BIOGRAPHY: . c. 876

d. July 2, 936, Memleben, Saxony [now in Germany]

also called Henry The Fowler, German HEINRICH DER VOGLER, German king and founder of the Saxon dynasty (918-1024) who strengthened the East Frankish, or German, army, encouraged the growth of towns, brought Lotharingia (Lorraine) back under German control (925), and secured German borders against pagan incursions.

The son of Otto the Illustrious, the Liudolfing duke of Saxony, Henry became duke at his father's death (912). His first marriage, to Hatheburg, daughter of Erwin, count of Merseburg, was declared invalid because she had become a nun after her first husband's death. He married Matilda, daughter of Dietrich, count of Westphalia, in 909; their eldest son would rule as the Holy Roman emperor Otto I the Great (936-973).

Although at war (912-915) with Conrad I of Franconia (German king, 903-918) over title to lands in Thuringia, Henry received Conrad's deathbed designation as heir to the throne. He was elected king of Germany (May 919) by nobles of Saxony and Franconia, two of the four most influential duchies; the other two important duchies, Swabia and Bavaria, did not recognize him as king.

Henry considered Germany a confederation of duchies rather than a nation. Having complete authority in Saxony and nominal sovereignty in Franconia, he sought to bring the duchies of Swabia and Bavaria into the confederation. After forcing the submission of Burchard, duke of Swabia (919), he allowed the duke to retain control over the civil administration of the duchy. On the basis of an election by Bavarian and East Frankish nobles (919), Arnulf, duke of Bavaria, also claimed the German throne. In 921, after two military campaigns, the king forced Arnulf to submit and relinquish his claim to the throne, though the duke retained complete internal control of Bavaria.

Henry defeated Giselbert, king of Lotharingia, in 925, and that region, which had become independent of Germany in 910, was brought back under German control. Giselbert, who was recognized as duke of Lotharingia, married the king's daughter Gerberga in 928.

When the Magyars, barbarian warriors from Hungary, invaded Germany in 924, Henry agreed to pay tribute to them and return a captured Magyar chief in exchange for a nine-year (924-933) cession of raids on German territory. During these years the king built fortified towns and trained the cavalry force he used to defeat various Slavic tribes; he conquered the Havelli at Brandenburg and the Daleminzi at Meissen in 928 and suppressed a rebellion in Bohemia in 929. The king refused to pay more tribute when the nine-year truce ended in 933. He used his seasoned cavalry to destroy the Magyars, who had resumed their raids, at Riade on March 15, 933, and ended their threat to the German countryside. The king's last campaign, an invasion of Denmark (934), added the territory of Schleswig to the German state.

The story that Henry received the surname Fowler because he was laying bird snares when informed of his election as king is probably a myth.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc

History: Henry I (of Germany), called Henry The Fowler (876?-936), king of Germany (919-936), the first of the Saxon line of German kings. In 912 Henry succeeded his father as duke of Saxony. Following the death of Conrad I, king of Germany, in 918, Henry was chosen king by the Franconian and Saxon nobles. Bavaria, Swabia, and Lotharingia refused to acknowledge him at first, and it was not until 925 that he managed to win recognition from all the German states. In 926 Henry secured a nine-year truce from warfare with the Magyars. During that period he transformed many of the small towns of Germany into fortified cities with trained troops of mounted warriors. His military preparations were successfully tested in a war against the Wends in 929. When the Magyars invaded Thüringen in 933, Henry repulsed them decisively. He defeated the Danes in the following year and seized territory from them. Henry was the first to create a united Germany, and, although he never received the imperial crown, he is generally recognized as one of the Holy Roman emperors. He was succeeded by his son, Otto.

History: Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2002. © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. -------------------- Heinrich der Vogler

książę Saksonii 912–936

król Niemiec 919–936 -------------------- Henry I the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler; Latin: Henricius Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the Duke of Saxony from 912 and King of the Germans from 919 until his death. First of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler"because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.

Family

Born in Memleben, in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Henry was the son of Otto the Illustrious, Duke of Saxony, and his wife Hedwiga, daughter of Henry of Franconia and Ingeltrude and a great-great-granddaughter of Charlemagne. In 906 he married Hatheburg, daughter of the Saxon count Erwin, but divorced her in 909, after she had given birth to his son Thankmar. Later that year he married St Matilda of Ringelheim, daughter of Dietrich, Count of Westphalia. Matilda bore him three sons, one called Otto, and two daughters, Hedwige and Gerberga and founded many religious institutions, including the abbey of Quedlinburg where Henry is buried, and was later canonized.

Succession

Henry became Duke of Saxony upon his father's death in 912. An able ruler, he continued to strengthen Saxony, frequently in conflict with his neighbors to the South, the dukes of Franconia.

The crown of Germany is offered to Henry

In 918 Conrad I, King of East Francia and Duke of Franconia, died. Although they had been at odds with each other from 912–15 over the title to lands in Thuringia, before he died Conrad recommended Henry as his successor. Conrad's choice was conveyed by Duke Eberhard of Franconia, Conrad's brother and heir, at the Reichstag of Fritzlar in 919. The assembled Franconian and Saxon nobles duly elected Henry to be king. Archbishop Heriger of Mainz offered to anoint Henry according to the usual ceremony, but he refused to be anointed by a high church official — the only King of his time not to undergo that rite — allegedly because he wished to be king not by the church's but by the people's acclaim. Duke Burchard II of Swabia soon swore fealty to the new King, but Duke Arnulf of Bavaria did not submit until Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921. Last, Henry besieged Ratisbon (Regensburg) and forced Arnulf of Bavaria into submission.

In 920, Charles the Simple invaded Germany and marched as far as Pfeddersheim near Worms, but retired on hearing that Henry was arming against him.

On November 7, 921 Henry and Charles the Simple met each other and concluded a treaty between them. However, with the beginning of civil war in France, Henry sought to wrest Lorraine from the Western Kingdom. In the year of 923 Henry crossed the Rhine twice. Later in the year he entered Lorraine with an army, capturing a large part of the country. Until October of 924 the eastern part of Lorraine was left in Henry's possession.

Policy

Henry regarded the kingdom as a confederation of stem duchies rather than as a feudal kingdom and saw himself as primus inter pares. Instead of seeking to administer the empire through counts, as Charlemagne had done and as his successors had attempted, Henry allowed the dukes of Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria to maintain complete internal control of their holdings.In 925, Giselbert again rebelled. Henry invaded Lorraine and besieged Giselbert at Zillpich, captured the town, and became master of a large portion of Lotharingia (Lorraine). Thus he brought that realm, which had been lost in 910, back into the German kingdom as the fifth stem duchy (the others being Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, and Bavaria). Allowing Giselbert to remain in power as duke of Lotharingia, Henry arranged the marriage of his daughter Gerberga of Saxony to his new vassal in 928.

Henry was an able military leader. In 921 Hungarians invaded Germany and Italy. Although a sizable force was routed near Bleiburg in Carinthia by Eberhard and the Count of Meran and another group was routed by Liutfried, count of Elsace, Henry was forced to pay a tribute to the Magyars, (Hungarians), who had repeatedly raided Germany. By doing so he secured a ten-year truce so that he could fortify towns and train a new elite cavalry force.

During the truce with the Magyars, Henry subdued the Northern Slavic Tribes. In the winter of 928, he marched against the Havelli and seized their capital, Brandenburg. He then invaded Dalemintzi on the lower Elbe, and conquered Jahna, the capital after a siege. In 929, with the help of Duke Arnulf, Henry entered Bohemia. Wenceslas surrendered his lands, but received them back as a fief of the German crown, agreeing to pay a yearly tribute to the German emperor. Meanwhile, the Redarii had driven away their chief and captured the town of Walsleben and massacred the inhabitants. Counts Bernard and Thietmar marched against the fortress of Lenzen on the right bank of the Elbe, and, after fierce fighting, completely routed the enemy on 4 September 929. The Lusatians and the Ukrani on the lower Oder were subdued and made tributary in 932 and 934, respectively.

In 933 Henry, with the end of his truce with the Magyars, refused to pay the regular tribute. When the Magyars began raiding again, he led an army of all the German tribes to victory at the Battle of Riade in 933 near the river Unstrut, thus stopping the Magyar advance into Germany. He also pacified territories to the north, where the Danes had been harrying the Frisians by sea. The monk and historian Widukind of Corvey in his Res gestae Saxonicae reports that the Danes were subjects of Henry the Fowler. Henry incorporated into his kingdom territories held by the Wends, who together with the Danes had attacked Germany, and also conquered Schleswig in 934.

Death and aftermath

Henry died of a cerebral stroke on 2 July 936 in his palatium in Memleben, one of his favourite places. By then all German tribes were united in a single kingdom. Henry I is therefore considered the first German king and the founder of the eventual Holy Roman Empire. He has sometimes been considered to be Henry I, Holy Roman Emperor.

His son Otto succeeded him as Emperor. His second son, Henry, became Duke of Bavaria. A third son, Brun (or Bruno), became archbishop of Cologne. His son from his first marriage, Thankmar, rebelled against his half-brother Otto and was killed in battle in 936. After the death of her husband Duke Giselbert of Lotharingia, Henry's daughter Gerberga of Saxony married King Louis IV of France. His youngest daughter, Hedwige of Saxony, married Duke Hugh the Great of France and was the mother of Hugh Capet, the first Capetian king of France.

Henry returned to public attention as a character in Richard Wagner's opera, Lohengrin (1850). There are indications that Heinrich Himmler saw himself the reincarnation of the first king of Germany. -------------------- Henry I the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler; Latin: Henricius Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the Duke of Saxony from 912 and German king from 919 until his death. First of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler"[1] because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_the_Fowler