John Lackland

• By the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine and Count of Anjo

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• Peerage.com - John Lackland, King of England
• Geneall
• King of England Reign 6. April 1199 – 19. October 1216 Coronation 27. May 1199

Predecessor Richard I Successor Henry III

Betrothed (Auvergne 1173 before 2 Feb) to ALIX de Maurienne, daughter of HUMBERT III Comte de Maurienne & his third wife Klementia von Zähringen (1166-1174).

m firstly (Betrothed 1176, Marlborough Castle 29 Aug 1189, divorced before 30 Aug 1199) as her first husband, ISABEL [Avise] Countess of Gloucester, daughter of WILLIAM FitzRobert 2nd Earl of Gloucester & his wife Avise de Beaumont ([before 1176]-14 Oct or [18 Nov] 1217, bur Canterbury Cathedral Church).

Betrothed (early 1193) to ALIX de France, daughter of LOUIS VII King of France & his [second wife Infanta doña Constanza de Castilla] ([4 Oct] 1160-after 1200).

m secondly (Bordeaux Cathedral 24 Aug 1200) as her first husband, ISABELLE d’Angoulême, daughter of AYMAR “Taillefer” Comte d’Angoulême & his wife Alix de Courtenay ([1187]-Fontevrault Abbey 31 May 1246, bur Fontevrault Abbey).

Mistress (1): --- de Warenne, daughter of HAMELIN d'Anjou Earl of Surrey & his wife Isabelle de Warenne . According to Given-Wilson & Curteis[493], one of the mistresses of King John was the "sister of William de Warenne" but the authors do not specify which sister she was. The Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester names "Sir Richard fiz le rei…Ion" and "the erles daughter of Wareine" his mother[494].

Mistress (2): CLEMENTIA, wife of HENRY Pinel, daughter of ---. The Annals of Tewkesbury names “reginæ Clemenciæ” as the mother of “domina Johanna Walliæ, uxor Lewelini, filia regis Johannis” when recording her daughter´s death[495]. The primary source which confirms the name of her husband has not yet been identified.

Mistress (3): HAWISE [de Tracy]. The primary source which confirms her name, possible family origin and relationship with King John has not yet been identified.

Mistress (4): SUSANNA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her name and relationship with King John has not yet been identified. She was given a "tunic and super-tunic" in 1213[496].

Mistresses (5) - (12): ---. The names of the other mistresses of King John are not known

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_England

John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216), King of England, reigned from 6 April 1199 until his death. He acceded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I, who died without issue. John was the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, and was their second surviving son to ascend the throne; thus, he was a Plantagenet or Angevin king of England. John, Earl of Cornwall and Gloucester had his peerage merged in the Crown during his 1199 coronation.

During his lifetime John acquired two epithets. One was "Lackland" (French: Sans Terre), because, as his father's youngest son, he did not inherit land out of his family's holdings, and because as king he lost English territories to France. The other was "Soft-sword", for his alleged military ineptitude.

Apart from entering popular legend as the enemy of Robin Hood, he is perhaps best-known for having acquiesced —to the barons of English nobility— to seal Magna Carta, a document which limited kingly power in England and which is popularly thought as an early first step in the evolution of modern democracy.

While John was his father's favourite son, as the youngest he could expect no inheritance. His family life was tumultuous, as his older brothers all became involved in rebellions against Henry. His mother, Eleanor, was imprisoned by Henry in 1173, when John was about 7.

As a child, John was betrothed to Alais (pronounced 'Alice'), daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy. It was hoped that by this marriage the Angevin dynasty would extend its influence beyond the Alps, because John was promised the inheritance of Savoy, the Piemonte, Maurienne, and the other possessions of Count Humbert. King Henry promised his young son castles in Normandy which had been previously promised to his brother Geoffrey, which was for some time a bone of contention between King Henry and his son Geoffrey. Alais made the trip over the Alps and joined Henry's court, but she died before being married.

Gerald of Wales relates that King Henry had a curious painting in a chamber of Winchester Castle, depicting an eagle being attacked by three of its chicks, while a fourth chick crouched, waiting for its chance to strike. When asked the meaning of this picture, King Henry said:

"The four young ones of the eagle are my four sons,... who will not cease persecuting me even unto death. And the youngest, whom I now embrace with such tender affection, will someday afflict me more grievously and perilously than all the others."

John on a stag hunt, from De Rege Johanne.Before his accession, John had already acquired a reputation for treachery, having conspired sometimes with and sometimes against his elder brothers, Henry, Richard and Geoffrey. In 1184, John and Richard both claimed that they were the rightful heir to Aquitaine, one of many unfriendly encounters between the two. In 1185, John became the ruler of Ireland, whose people grew to despise him, causing John to leave after only eight months.

During Richard's absence on the Third Crusade from 1190 to 1194, John attempted to overthrow William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely and Richard's designated justiciar. This was one of the events that inspired later writers to cast John as the villain in their reworking of the legend of Robin Hood.

John was more popular than Longchamp in London, and in October 1191 the leading citizens of the city opened the gates to him while Longchamp was confined in the tower. John promised the city the right to govern itself as a commune in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive.[3] While returning from the Crusade, Richard was captured by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, imprisoned by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and held for ransom. Meanwhile, John had joined forces with the King of France Philip Augustus and they sent a letter to Henry asking him to keep Richard away from England for as long as possible, offering payment to keep Richard imprisoned. Henry declined their offer, and once Richard's ransom was paid by his mother Eleanor of Aquitaine (who had to pawn the Crown Jewels of England to do so), he was set free. Upon the release, John pled forgiveness from Richard, who granted it and named him heir presumptive.

When Richard died, John did not gain immediate universal recognition as king. Some regarded his young nephew, Arthur of Brittany, the son of John's late brother Geoffrey, as the rightful heir. Arthur fought his uncle for the throne, with the support of King Philip II of France. The conflict between Arthur and King John had fatal consequences. By the May 1200 Treaty of Le Goulet, Philip recognised John over Arthur, and the two came to terms regarding John's vassalage for Normandy and the Angevin territories. However, the peace was ephemeral.

The war upset the barons of Poitou enough for them to seek redress from the King of France, who was King John's feudal overlord with respect to certain territories on the Continent. In 1202, John was summoned to the French court to answer the charges one of which was his marriage to Isobel of Angouleme who was already engaged to Guy de Lusignan. John was called to Phillip's court after the Lusignans pleaded for his help. John refused, and, under feudal law, because of his failure of service to his lord, the French King claimed the lands and territories ruled by King John as Count of Poitou, declaring all John's French territories except Gascony in the southwest forfeit. The French promptly invaded Normandy; King Philip II invested Arthur with all fiefs King John once held (except for Normandy) and betrothed him to his daughter Marie.

Needing to supply a war across the English Channel, in 1203 John ordered all shipyards (including inland places such as Gloucester) in England to provide at least one ship, with places such as the newly-built Portsmouth being responsible for several. He made Portsmouth the new home of the navy. (The Anglo-Saxon kings, such as Edward the Confessor, had royal harbours constructed on the south coast at Sandwich, and most importantly, Hastings.) By the end of 1204, he had 45 large galleys available to him, and from then on an average of four new ones every year. He also created an Admiralty of four admirals, responsible for various parts of the new navy. During John's reign, major improvements were made in ship design, including the addition of sails and removable forecastles. He also created the first big transport ships, called buisses. John is sometimes credited with the founding of the modern Royal Navy. What is known about this navy comes from the Pipe Rolls, since these achievements are ignored by the chroniclers and early historians.

In the hope of avoiding trouble in England and Wales while he was away fighting to recover his French lands, in 1205, John formed an alliance by marrying off his illegitimate daughter, Joan, to the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great.

As part of the war, Arthur attempted to kidnap his own grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, at Mirebeau, but was defeated and captured by John's forces. Arthur was imprisoned first at Falaise and then at Rouen. No one is certain what happened to Arthur after that. According to the annals of Margam Abbey, Wales, where John would lodge on his trips between England and Ireland: On 3 April 1203.

"After King John had captured Arthur and kept him alive in prison for some time in the castle of Rouen... when John was drunk he slew Arthur with his own hand and tying a heavy stone to the body cast it into the Seine." However, Hubert de Burgh, the officer commanding the Rouen fortress, claimed to have delivered Arthur around Easter 1203 to agents of the King sent to castrate him and that Arthur had died of shock. Hubert later retracted his statement and claimed Arthur still lived, but no one saw Arthur alive again, and the supposition that he was murdered caused Brittany, and later Normandy, to rebel against King John.

Besides Arthur, John also captured his niece, Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany. Eleanor remained a prisoner the rest of her life (which ended in 1241); through deeds such as these, John acquired a reputation for ruthlessness.

In 1203, John exempted the citizens and merchants of Bordeaux from the Grande Coutume, which was the principal tax on their exports. In exchange, the regions of Bordeaux, Bayonne and Dax pledged support against the French Crown. The unblocked ports gave Gascon merchants open access to the English wine market for the first time. The following year, John granted the same exemptions to La Rochelle and Poitou.

Pope Innocent III and King John had a disagreement about who would become Archbishop of Canterbury which lasted from 1205 until 1213.When Archbishop of Canterbury Hubert Walter died on 13 July 1205, John became involved in a dispute with Pope Innocent III. The Canterbury Cathedral chapter claimed the sole right to elect Hubert's successor and favoured Reginald, a candidate out of their midst. However, both the English bishops and the king had an interest in the choice of successor to this powerful office. The king wanted John de Gray, one of his own men, so he could influence the church more. When their dispute could not be settled, the Chapter secretly elected one of their members as Archbishop. A second election imposed by John resulted in another nominee. When they both appeared in Rome, Innocent disavowed both elections, and his candidate, Stephen Langton, was elected over the objections of John's observers. John was supported in his position by the English barons and many of the English bishops and refused to accept Langton.

John expelled the Chapter in July 1207, to which the Pope reacted by imposing the interdict on the kingdom. John immediately retaliated by closing down the churches. Although he issued instructions for the confiscation of all church possessions, individual institutions were able to negotiate terms for managing their own properties and keeping the produce of their estates. After his excommunication John tightened these measures and he accrued significant sums from the income of vacant sees and abbeys: for example, it was calculated that the church lost 100,000 marks to the Crown in 1213. The Pope, realising that too long a period without church services could lead to loss of faith, gave permission for some churches to hold Mass behind closed doors in 1209. In 1212, they allowed last rites to the dying. While the interdict was a burden to many, it did not result in rebellion against John.

In November 1209 John was excommunicated, and in February 1213, Innocent threatened stronger measures unless John submitted. The papal terms for submission were accepted in the presence of the papal legate Pandulph in May 1213 (according to Matthew Paris, at the Templar Church at Dover); in addition, John offered to surrender the Kingdom of England to God and the Saints Peter and Paul for a feudal service of 1,000 marks annually, 700 for England and 300 for Ireland. With this submission, formalised in the Bulla Aurea (Golden Bull), John gained the valuable support of his papal overlord in his new dispute with the English barons.

Coming to terms with Llywelyn I, Prince of Gwynedd, following the Welsh Uprising of 1211 and settling his dispute with the papacy, John turned his attentions back to his overseas interests. The European wars culminated in defeat at the Battle of Bouvines (1214), which forced the king to accept an unfavourable peace with France.

This finally turned the barons against him (some had already rebelled against him after he was excommunicated), and he met their leaders along with their French and Scots allies at Runnymede, near London on 15 June 1215 to seal the Great Charter, called in Latin Magna Carta. Because he had sealed under duress, however, John received approval from his overlord the Pope to break his word as soon as hostilities had ceased, provoking the First Barons' War and an invited French invasion by Prince Louis of France (whom the majority of the English barons had invited to replace John on the throne). John travelled around the country to oppose the rebel forces, including a personal two-month siege of the rebel-held Rochester Castle.

Retreating from the French invasion, John took a safe route around the marshy area of the Wash to avoid the rebel held area of East Anglia. His slow baggage train (including the Crown Jewels), however, took a direct route across it and was lost to the unexpected incoming tide. This dealt John a terrible blow, which affected his health and state of mind. Succumbing to dysentery and moving from place to place, he stayed one night at Sleaford Castle before dying on 18 October (or possibly 19 October) 1216, at Newark Castle (then in Lincolnshire, now on Nottinghamshire's border with that county). Numerous, possibly fictitious, accounts circulated soon after his death that he had been killed by poisoned ale, poisoned plums or a "surfeit of peaches".

He was buried in Worcester Cathedral in the city of Worcester.

His nine-year-old son succeeded him and became King Henry III of England (1216–72), and although Louis continued to claim the English throne, the barons switched their allegiance to the new king, forcing Louis to give up his claim and sign the Treaty of Lambeth in 1217.

King John's reign has been traditionally characterised as one of the most disastrous in English history, earning him the nickname "Bad King John": it began with defeats—he lost Normandy to Philip Augustus of France in his first five years on the throne—and ended with England torn by civil war and himself on the verge of being forced out of power. In 1213, he made England a papal fief to resolve a conflict with the Roman Catholic Church, and his rebellious barons forced him to seal Magna Carta in 1215, the act for which he is best remembered.

As far as the administration of his kingdom went, John functioned as an efficient ruler, but he lost approval of the English barons by taxing them in ways that were outside those traditionally allowed by feudal overlords. The tax known as scutage, payment made instead of providing knights (as required by feudal law), became particularly unpopular. John was a very fair-minded and well informed king, however, often acting as a judge in the Royal Courts, and his justice was much sought after. Also, John's employment of an able Chancellor and certain clerks resulted in the first proper set of records—the Pipe Rolls. Tudor historiography was particularly interested in him, for his independence from the papacy (or lack of it) - this atmosphere produced not only Shakespeare's own King John but also its model The Troublesome Reign of King John and John Bale's Kynge Johan.

Winston Churchill summarised the legacy of John's reign: "When the long tally is added, it will be seen that the British nation and the English-speaking world owe far more to the vices of John than to the labours of virtuous sovereigns". Medieval historian C. Warren Hollister called John an "enigmatic figure":

...talented in some respects, good at administrative detail, but suspicious, unscrupulous, and mistrusted. He was compared in a recent scholarly article, perhaps unfairly, with Richard Nixon. His crisis-prone career was sabotaged repeatedly by the halfheartedness with which his vassals supported him—and the energy with which some of them opposed him.

In 2006, he was selected by the BBC History Magazine as the 13th century's worst Briton.

King John as shown in Cassell's History of England (1902)These reflect the overwhelming view of his reputation:

King John was the subject of a Shakespearean play, The Life and Death of King John. King John is a central figure in the 1819 historical romance Ivanhoe, by Sir Walter Scott. Philip José Farmer, a science fiction author, featured King John as one of several historical figures in his Riverworld Saga. John and one of his Justices in Eyre, the Sheriff of Nottingham, are portrayed as villain and henchman in the Robin Hood legends. These usually place the Robin Hood stories in the latter part of Richard I's reign, when Richard was in captivity and John was acting as unofficial regent. Among the screen incarnations of John in versions of the Robin Hood story are: Sam De Grasse in Robin Hood (1922). Claude Rains in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Donald Pleasence in the 1950s ITV television series The Adventures of Robin Hood. The animated Prince John in the 1973 Disney movie Robin Hood, in which he is depicted as an anthropomorphic lion voiced by Peter Ustinov, who sucks his thumb and cries for his "mummy" whenever Robin Hood (a fox) steals his gold. In one scene, he laments, "Mother always did like Richard best". Phil Davis in the 1980s television series Robin of Sherwood. Richard Lewis in Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993). Toby Stephens depicts John as a deranged megalomaniac in episode 6, series 3 onwards of Robin Hood (having been mentioned in the previous two-and-a-half series whilst remaining an off-screen character) John was impersonated by Kamelion in a plot by the Master in The King's Demons, a 1983 serial of the British science fiction series, Doctor Who. John is a character in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, which dramatises Henry II's struggles with his wife and sons over the rule of his empire. John is portrayed as a spoiled, simpleminded pawn in the machinations of his brothers and Philip II. In the 1968 film he is portrayed by Nigel Terry. In the 2003 film, he is portrayed by Rafe Spall. Sharon Penman's Here Be Dragons deals with the reign of John, the development of Wales under Llewelyn's rule, and Llewelyn's marriage to John's illegitimate daughter, Joan, who is depicted in the novel as "Joanna". Other novels of hers which feature John as a prominent character are The Queen's Man, Cruel as the Grave, The Dragon's Lair, and Prince of Darkness, a series of fictional mysteries set during the time of Richard's imprisonment. John is featured in several books by Elizabeth Chadwick including Lords of the White Castle, The Champion and The Scarlet Lion. The Devil and King John by Philip Lindsay is a highly speculative but relatively sympathetic account. King John appeared in The Time Tunnel episode entitled "The Revenge of Robin Hood". Once again, John is depicted as a villain. At the end of the episode, John puts his seal on the Magna Carta but clearly he is not happy about it. He is portrayed by character actor John Crawford. King John is the subject of A. A. Milne's poem for children which begins "King John was not a good man". Princess of Thieves, a 2001 telemovie concerning Robin Hood's supposed daughter, depicts Prince John trying to seize the throne from the rightful heir, Prince Phillip, an illegitimate son of King Richard. King John is one of two subjects - the other being Richard I - in the Steely Dan song Kings, from the 1972 LP release, Can't Buy a Thrill.

In 1189, John was married to Isabel of Gloucester, daughter and heiress of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (she is given several alternative names by history, including Avisa, Hawise, Joan, and Eleanor). They had no children, and John had their marriage annulled on the grounds of consanguinity, some time before or shortly after his accession to the throne, which took place on 6 April 1199, and she was never acknowledged as queen. (She then married Geoffrey de Mandeville as her second husband and Hubert de Burgh as her third).

John remarried, on 24 August 1200, Isabella of Angoulême, who was twenty years his junior. She was the daughter of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angouleme. John had kidnapped her from her fiancé, Hugh X of Lusignan.

Isabella bore five children: Henry III (1207-1272), King of England. Richard (1209-1272), 1st Earl of Cornwall. Joan (1210-1238), Queen Consort of Alexander II of Scotland. Isabella (1214-1241), Consort of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. Eleanor (1215-1275), who married William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, and later married Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. John is given a great taste for lechery by the chroniclers of his age, and even allowing some embellishment, he did have many illegitimate children. Matthew Paris accuses him of being envious of many of his barons and kinsfolk, and seducing their more attractive daughters and sisters. Roger of Wendover describes an incident that occurred when John became enamoured of Margaret, the wife of Eustace de Vesci and an illegitimate daughter of King William I of Scotland. Eustace substituted a prostitute in her place when the king came to Margaret's bed in the dark of night; the next morning, when John boasted to Vesci of how good his wife was in bed, Vesci confessed and fled.

John had the following illegitimate children:

Joan, Lady of Wales, the wife of Prince Llywelyn Fawr of Wales, (by a woman named Clemence) Richard Fitz Roy, (by his cousin, Adela, daughter of his uncle Hamelin de Warenne) Oliver FitzRoy, (by a mistress named Hawise) who accompanied the papal legate Pelayo to Damietta in 1218, and never returned. By an unknown mistress (or mistresses) John fathered:

Geoffrey FitzRoy, who went on expedition to Poitou in 1205 and died there. John FitzRoy, a clerk in 1201. Henry FitzRoy, who died in 1245. Osbert Gifford, who was given lands in Oxfordshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Sussex, and is last seen alive in 1216. Eudes FitzRoy, who accompanied his half-brother Richard on Crusade and died in the Holy Land in 1241. Bartholomew FitzRoy, a member of the order of Friars Preachers. Maud FitzRoy, Abbess of Barking, who died in 1252. Isabel FitzRoy, wife of Richard Fitz Ives. Philip FitzRoy, found living in 1263. (The surname of FitzRoy is Norman-French for son of the king.) -------------------- From http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm

JOHN, son of HENRY II King of England & his wife Eléonore Dss d'Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 24 Dec 1166 or 1167-Newark Castle, Lincolnshire 18/19 Oct 1216, bur Worcester Cathedral[424]). The primary sources are contradictory regarding John´s year of birth. Robert of Torigny records the birth "1167…in vigilia Natalis Domini" of "Johannis filius regis Anglorum"[425]. Matthew of Paris records that “Alienor Anglorum regina” gave birth to “filium…Johannes”, stating neither the place nor the precise date but the passage is located in the middle of text which records events in 1166[426]. The Annals of Burton record the birth of “Regina…Johannem filium suum” in 1166[427]. The Annals of Dunstable record the birth of “Alienor…filium Johannem” at the end of the paragraph dealing with events in 1165 and immediately before the start of the paragraph for 1167, although it is likely that 1166 was intended as the text includes no separate entry for that year[428]. John was designated King of Ireland in 1177. Created Comte de Mortain 1189. His lands were placed under interdict by Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury because of his first marriage[429]. He succeeded his brother Richard I in 1199 as JOHN King of England, crowned London 27 May 1199[430] and again 8 Oct 1200 with his second wife at Westminster Abbey[431]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the coronation "VI Kal Jul" at Westminster Abbey in [1199] of "Johannes dominus Hiberniæ"[432]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "XV Kal Nov" [1216] of King John and his burial "Wignorniæ"[433]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death “apud Newerk in crastino Sanctæ Luciæ virginis” in 1216 of “Johannes rex Angliæ”[434].

Betrothed (Auvergne 1173 before 2 Feb) to ALIX de Maurienne, daughter of HUMBERT III Comte de Maurienne & his third wife Klementia von Zähringen (1166-1174). Her parentage is specified by Matthew of Paris when he records this betrothal. Although he does not give her first name, he calls her "filia primogenita"[435]. Benedict of Peterborough records the betrothal of "Humbertus comes de Mauriana…Aalis filiam suam majoram" and "rex…Johannis filii sui iunioris" at "Alvernium…Montem Ferratum" in 1173 before 2 Feb, and the agreement whereby John would inherit the county of Maurienne if Humbert had no sons by his wife[436].

m firstly (Betrothed 1176, Marlborough Castle 29 Aug 1189, divorced before 30 Aug 1199) as her first husband, ISABEL [Avise] Countess of Gloucester, daughter of WILLIAM FitzRobert 2nd Earl of Gloucester & his wife Avise de Beaumont ([before 1176]-14 Oct or [18 Nov] 1217, bur Canterbury Cathedral Church). An anonymous continuation of the Chronicle of Robert of Mont-Saint-Michel records (in order) "Comitissa Ebroicensis…uxor Guillelmi Comitis de Clara, tertia…in manu Dei et domini Regis" as the three daughters left by "Guillelmus Comes Glocestriæ" when he died[437]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Mabiliam comiti de Evereis in Normannia nuptam…Amiciam…Isabellam” as the three daughters of “comes Willielmus” and his wife, adding that Isabel married “Henricus rex…Johanni filio suo”[438]. Benedict of Peterborough records the betrothal in 1176 of "Johannem filium regis minimum" and "Willelmus filius Roberti filii regis Henrici primi comes Gloucestriæ…filiam ipsius comitis" and the agreement whereby John would inherit the county of Gloucester[439]. Her marriage is recorded by Matthew of Paris, who specifies that it took place despite the prohibition of Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury on the grounds of consanguinity, although he does not name her[440]. Benedict of Peterborough records the marriage in 1189 of "Johannes frater ducis [Normanniæ]" and "filiam comitis Gloucestriæ" at "Marlebegam IV Kal Sep"[441]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records that "comes Johannes frater eius [rege Ricardo]" married "filiam comitis Glocestriæ"[442]. The primary source which confirms her name as Isabelle has not yet been identified. She was recognised as Ctss of Gloucester in her own right from her marriage in [1189]. Matthew of Paris records her divorce in 1199, when he calls her "Hawisa"[443]. The Annales Londonienses record the divorce in 1200 of King John and "Hawysiam filiam comitis Gloverniæ", stating that they were "in tertio gradu consanguinitatis"[444]. King John appears to have kept her as a state prisoner after their divorce, but retained her title even after her nephew Amaury de Montfort was installed as Earl of Gloucester in 1199[445]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the second marriage of “Isabellam” and “Galfrido de Mandevile comiti Essexiæ”, and her third marriage to “Huberto de Burgo justiciario Angliæ”[446]. Her lands and title were confiscated on the death of her second husband, who died a rebel. She married secondly ([16/26] Jan 1214) as his second wife, Geoffrey de Mandeville Earl of Essex, and thirdly ([Sep] 1217) as his second wife, Hubert de Burgh, who was created Earl of Kent in 1227. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1217 of “Isabel comitissa Gloucestriæ”[447]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Johannam comitissam Gloucestriæ” died “paucos dies” after her marriage to “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius Angliæ” and was buried “apud Cantuarium”[448].

Betrothed (early 1193) to ALIX de France, daughter of LOUIS VII King of France & his [second wife Infanta doña Constanza de Castilla] ([4 Oct] 1160-after 1200). Kerrebrouck states that Richard I King of England arranged the betrothal of Alix, to whom he had earlier been betrothed himself, to his younger brother John in early 1193[449], but the primary source which confirms this has not yet been identified. She returned to France in Aug 1195.

m secondly (Bordeaux Cathedral 24 Aug 1200) as her first husband, ISABELLE d’Angoulême, daughter of AYMAR “Taillefer” Comte d’Angoulême & his wife Alix de Courtenay ([1187]-Fontevrault Abbey 31 May 1246, bur Fontevrault Abbey). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "IX Kal Sep" [1200] of King John and "Isabellam filiam Engolisimi comitis" and their coronation together "VIII Id Oct" in London[450]. Matthew of Paris names her as "filiam comitis Engolismi" when he records her marriage[451]. She was crowned Queen Consort 8 Oct 1200 at Westminster Abbey[452]. She succeeded her father in 1202 as Ctss d’Angoulême, but was not formally recognised as such until Nov 1206. She married secondly (10 Mar/22 May 1220) Hugues [X] de Lusignan Comte de la Marche. Her origin is confirmed in the charter dated 1224 under which "Ugo de Leziniaco comes Marchiæ et Engolismæ et Ysabella uxor eius…regina Angliæ" confirmed rights granted by "bonæ memoriæ Ademaro comite Engolismæ patre eiusdem dominæ Ysabellæ" to Vindelle[453]. Matthew of Paris records her death, when he specifies that she was the wife of Hugues Comte de la Marche[454].

Mistress (1): --- de Warenne, daughter of HAMELIN d'Anjou Earl of Surrey & his wife Isabelle de Warenne . According to Given-Wilson & Curteis[455], one of the mistresses of King John was the "sister of William de Warenne" but the authors do not specify which sister she was. The primary source which confirms her relationship with John has not yet been identified.

Mistress (2): CLEMENTIA, wife of HENRY Pinel, daughter of ---. The Annals of Tewkesbury names “reginæ Clemenciæ” as the mother of “domina Johanna Walliæ, uxor Lewelini, filia regis Johannis” when recording her daughter´s death[456]. The primary source which confirms the name of her husband has not yet been identified.

Mistress (3): HAWISE [de Tracy].

Mistress (4): SUSANNA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her relationship with John has not yet been identified. She was given a "tunic and super-tunic" in 1213[457].

Mistresses (5) - (12): ---. The names of the other mistresses of King John are not known.

King John & his second wife had five children:

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1. ID: I2889
2. Name: John I "Lackland" Plantagenent King of England
3. Surname: England
4. Given Name: John I "Lackland" Plantagenent King of
5. Prefix: King
6. Sex: M
7. Birth: 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
8. Christening: France (Count Of Mortain)
9. Death: 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 of Fever, chills, exhaustion after crossing Wash of Lincoln & Norfolk.
10. Burial: 19 Oct 1216 Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England 2 3 8 9
11. Ancestral File #: 8XJ4-1K
12. Reference Number: 4786
13. LDS Baptism: 26 Nov 1932 Temple: ARIZO
14. Endowment: 24 Feb 1933 Temple: ARIZO
15. _UID: C15D0987798B8248B7E5FCADE9A9D7537D01
16. Sealing Child: 28 May 1937 Temple: SLAKE
17. Birth: 1160 in Burke's source
18. Event: Lord of Ireland Appointed Between 1177 and 1185 16 17
19. Event: England Ruled Between 1199 and 1216 18 19
20. Event: Fact 1 (2) BET. 1199 - 1216 Reigned as King of England
21. Event: Plantagenet
22. Note:

   King John of England.

   John Lackland, so-called because he inheritated no lands from his father. Said to have been a "bad son, bad subject, bad husband, bad father, and bad sovereign." John was excommunicated by Pope Innocent. John was forced to sign the Magna Carta at Runnymede, the English declaration of liberty, and died shortly after.

   King John (Lackland) had been forced to sign the Magna Charta at Runnymeade (loc.between Windsor and Staines). The English Barons reaffirmed the traditional feudal privileges signed by Henry I. Although he signed the Charta, King John immediately appealed to Pope Innocent III, who issued a bull annulling the charter. King John hired French mercenaries, who landed in England in January 1216 to fight the Barons. King John came down with dystenry in October 1216, after crushing English resistance in the north of England. He crossed the Wash River and went to Newark Castle, where he died 19 October 1216. Age 38. He was succeeded by his 9-year-old son, who became Henry III. His regent was William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. (Trager's page 103)

   John Lackland, youngest son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, succeeded his brother Richard I the Lion Heart as King of England in 1199. He ruled until 1216, and was succeeded by his eldest son Henry III.

   The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.

   John, king of England

   1167-1216, king of England (1199-1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine.

   Early Life
   The king;s youngest son, John was left out of Henry;s original division of territory among his sons and was nicknamed John Lackland. He was, however, his father;s favorite, and despite the opposition of his brothers (whose rebellion of 1173-74 was provoked by Henry;s plans for John), he later received scattered possessions in England and France and the lordship of
   Ireland. His brief expedition to Ireland in 1185 was badly mismanaged. 2
   Under Richard I John deserted his dying father in 1189 and joined the rebellion of his brother Richard, who succeeded to the throne as Richard I in the same year. The new king generously conferred lands and titles on John. After Richard;s departure on the Third Crusade, John led a rebellion against the chancellor, William of Longchamp, had himself acknowledged (1191) temporary ruler and heir to the throne, and conspired with Philip II of France to supplant Richard on the throne. This plot was successfully thwarted by those loyal to Richard, including the queen mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. Richard pardoned John;s treachery.
   Reign
   Early Conflicts
   On Richard;s death, John ascended the English throne to the exclusion of his nephew, Arthur I of Brittany. The supporters of Arthur, aided by King Philip, began a formidable revolt in France. At this time John alienated public opinion in England by divorcing his first wife, Isabel of
   Gloucester, and made enemies in France by marrying Isabel of AngoulOme, who had been betrothed to Hugh de Lusignan. In 1202, Arthur was defeated and captured, and it is thought that John murdered him in 1203. Philip continued the war and gradually gained ground until by 1206 he was in control of Normandy, Anjou, Brittany, Maine, and Touraine. John had lost all his French dominions except Aquitaine and a part of Poitou, which was a critical factor in his subsequent unpopularity.
   The death (1205) of John;s chancellor, Hubert Walter, archbishop of Canterbury, not only removed a moderating influence on the king but precipitated a crisis with the English church. John refused (1206) to accept the election of Stephen Langton as Walter;s successor at
   Canterbury, and as a result Pope Innocent III placed (1208) England under interdict and excommunicated (1209) the king. The quarrel continued until 1213 when John, threatened by the danger of a French invasion and by increasing disaffection among the English barons, surrendered his kingdom to the pope and received it back as a papal fief.
   The Magna Carta
   John&;s submission to the pope improved his situation. Now backed by the pope, he formed an expedition to wage war on Philip in Poitou. However, while John was at La Rochelle, his allies, Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV (his nephew) and the count of Flanders, were decisively beaten by Philip at Bouvines in 1214. John had resorted to all means to secure men and money for his Poitou campaign, and after returning home he attempted to collect scutage from the barons who had refused to aid him on the expedition.
   Abuses of feudal customs and extortion of money from the barons and the towns, not only by John but by Henry II and Richard I, had aroused intense opposition, which increased in John’s unfortunate reign. The barons now rose in overwhelming force against the king, and John in capitulation set his seal on the Magna Carta at Runnymede in June, 1215. Thus, the most famous document of English constitutional history was the fruit of predominantly baronial force.
   John, supported by the pope, gathered forces and renewed the struggle with the barons, who sought the aid of Prince Louis of France (later Louis VIII). In the midst of this campaign John died, and his son, Henry III, was left to carry on the royal cause.
   Character and Influence
   John, though often cruel and treacherous, was an excellent administrator, much concerned with rendering justice among his subjects. The basic cause of his conflicts with the barons was not that he was an innovator in trying to wield an absolute royal power, but that in so doing he ignored and contravened the traditional feudal relationship between the crown and the nobility. The modern hostile picture of John is primarily the work of subsequent chroniclers, mainly Roger of Wendover and Matthew of Paris.

   The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright ¬ 2001 Columbia University Press.

   Name Suffix:<NSFX> King of England
   Ancestral File Number:<AFN> 8XJ4-1K
   John Lackland, so-called because he inheritated no lands from his father.Said to have been a "bad son, bad subject, bad husband, bad father, andbad sovereign." John was excommunicated by Pope Innocent. John was forcedto sign the Magna Cartaat Runnymede, the English declaration of liberty,and died shortly after.

   King John (Lackland) had been forced to sign the Magna Charta atRunnymeade (loc.between Windsor and Staines). The English Baronsreaffirmed the traditional feudal privileges signed by Henry I.Althoughhe signed the Charta, King John immediately appealed to PopeInnocent III, whoissued a bull annulling the charter. King John hiredFrench mercenaries, who landed in England in January 1216 to fight theBarons. King John came down with dystenry in October 1216, after crushingEnglish resistance in the north of England. He crossed the Wash Riverandwent to Newark Castle, where he died 19 October 1216. Age 38. He wassucceededby his 9-year-old son, who became HenryIII. His regent wasWilliam Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. (Trager's page 103)

   John Lackland, youngest son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine,succeeded his brother Richard I the Lion Heartas King of England in1199.He ruled until 1216, and was succeeded by his eldest son Henry III.

1 20 3 4 6 21 2 22 7 23 9 10 12 24 8 13 14

1. Change Date: 6 Jun 2008 at 12:13:33

Father: Henry II Plantagenet de Anjou England b: 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France c: 1150 in France (Duke Of Normandy) (Aka Henry Of Anjou) Mother: Eleanor Aquitaine b: 1122 in Bordeaux,Aquitaine,France c: in France (Aka Alienor Of Guienne')

Marriage 1 Isabella "Avisa" Fitz Robert b: ABT 1170 in of,Gloucester,Gloucestershire,England

   * Divorced: Y
   * Married: 29 Aug 1189 in Marlborough,Salisbury,Wiltshire,England 2 3 8 9
   * Sealing Spouse: 15 Oct 1991 in JRIVE
   * Event: Divorced Divorced 1200
   * Event: Divorced Divorced 1199 3 9
   * Event: Seal 2 8

Marriage 2 Isabel de Clare , Countess of Pembroke b: 1164 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales

   * Divorced: Y
   * Married: 29 Aug 1189 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England 1 6 7 12
   * Divorced: 1199

Marriage 3 Hedwiga Gloucester b: in Gloucester, England (Aka Avisa) c: in Gloucester - Aka Hadwisa The Heiress

   * Married: 1199 in (Marriage Was Annulled) 16 17
   * Note:

         Hawise of Gloucter married her cousin, John I Lackland in 1199. The marriage was later annulled.

         Hawise of Gloucester had married her 3rd cousin, John I Lackland, both descended from William the Conqueror. He had the marriage set aside and annulled sometime before 1203. He was then free to marry Isabella of Angouleme.

   * Divorced: Y BEF 1200

Marriage 4 Dtr Of Earl Warenne b: ABT 1175 in England

   * Married: WFT Est 1183-1208 in (Had Natural Children-Not Married) 2 8
   * Sealing Spouse:
   * Event: Seal 2 8 8
   * Event: Seal 2

Children

  1. Has No Children Richard Fitz Roy b: ABT 1200
  2. Has No Children Joan Lackland Of Wales b: ABT 1180 in Wales (Princess Of Wales) Natural Dtr. Of John Lackland c: in Wales - Aka Joanna
  3. Has No Children Richard Fitz Roy
  4. Has No Children Richard Fitzroy b: ABT 1186 in of,Chilham Castle,Kent,England
  5. Has No Children Geofrey Fitzroy b: ABT 1192
  6. Has No Children Isabel La Blanche b: ABT 1192 in of,,Essex,England
  7. Has No Children John Fitzroy b: ABT 1192 in of,,Lincolnshire,England
  8. Has No Children Henry Fitzroy b: ABT 1192 in of,Kenilworth,Warwickshire,England
  9. Has No Children Eudo Fitzroy b: ABT 1192 in of,,Essex,England
 10. Has No Children Ivo Fitzroy b: ABT 1194 in of,,Essex,England

Marriage 5 Unknown Warren

Children

  1. Has No Children Richard Fitz Roy

Marriage 6 Margaret de Warrene Concubine 10 b: ABT 1170 in Of, , England

   * Married: in Unmarried

Children

  1. Has No Children Richard FitzRoy b: ABT 1186 in Of, Chilham Castle, Kent, England

Marriage 7 Suzanne Warren b: 1166 in England

   * Married: 1183/1208 in Unmarried
   * Sealing Spouse:
   * Note:

         _STATNOT_MARRIED

         _STATNOT_MARRIED

Children

  1. Has No Children Joan Lackland Of Wales b: 1180 in Wales
  2. Has Children Richard FitzRoy , Constable of Wallingford b: 1186 in Chilham Castle,Kent,England

Marriage 8 Suzanne Warren

Marriage 9 Suzanne Warren [Concubine #5] b: ABT 1166 in England

   * Married: WFT Est 1183-1208 in Unmarried 2 8
   * Sealing Spouse:
   * Event: Seal 2 8 8
   * Event: Seal 2

Children

  1. Has Children Richard Fitz Roy b: ABT 1186 in Chilham Castle, Kent, England

Marriage 10 Hawisa Fitzwarin [Concubine 1] b: ABT 1167 in of,,,England

   * Married: WFT Est 1183-1208 in unmd 2 8
   * Note: _STATMARRIED

Children

  1. Has No Children Oliver, of England b: ABT 1187 in of,Westminster,Middlesex,England
  2. Has No Children Oliver Fitzroy b: 1187 in Westminster,Middlesex,Eng

Marriage 11 Concubine of John Plantagenet b: ABT 1170

   * Event: Single ABT 1185

Children

  1. Has Children Joan (Illegitimate) Plantagenet b: ABT 1185

Marriage 12 Miss Plantagenet [Concubine 10] b: 1172 in Warren, Surrey, England

   * Married: NOT MARRIED in Kings Manor Hous, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England 2 8
   * Sealing Spouse: 13 Jan 1993 in JRIVE
   * Event: Seal 2 8 8
   * Event: Seal 2

Marriage 13 Clemence Dauntsey b: ABT 1162 in England c: in Countess Of Brittany

   * Married: 1186 in England

Marriage 14 Matilda Gifford b: 1170 in Halsbury, Devon, England

   * Married: WFT Est 1183-1208 in Unmarried 2 8
   * Sealing Spouse:
   * Event: Seal 2 8 8
   * Event: Seal 2

Marriage 15 Mrs-John Lackland Concubine b: 1170 in <Unmarried>

   * Married: WFT Est 1183-1208 in Unmarried 2 8
   * Sealing Spouse:
   * Event: Seal 2 8 8
   * Event: Seal 2

Marriage 16 John Lackland Concubine b: WFT Est 1162-1181

   * Married: WFT Est 1183-1208 in Unmarried 2 8
   * Sealing Spouse:
   * Event: Seal 2 8 8
   * Event: Seal 2

Marriage 17 Agatha de Ferrers b: 1168 in Charltey, Staffordshire, England

   * Married: 1184/1207 in England
   * Sealing Spouse:
   * Note:

         _STATNOT_MARRIED
         _STATMARRIED

Children

  1. Has Children Joan Princess of England b: 1188 in London,Eng
  2. Has No Children Joanna b: BET. 1188 - 1191 in of London, Middlesex, England

Marriage 18 Agatha De Ferrers b: ABT 1168 in Of, Charltey, Staffordshire, England

   * Married: in Unmarried

Children

  1. Has Children Joan Plantagenet Princess Of England b: ABT 1188 in Of, London, Middlesex, England

Marriage 19 Agatha De Ferrers b: ABT 1168 in Of, Charltey, Staffordshire, England

   * Married: in Unmarried

Children

  1. Has Children Joan Plantagenet Princess Of England b: ABT 1188 in Of, London, Middlesex, England

Marriage 20 Agatha de Ferrers Concubine b: ABT 1168 in England

   * Married: WFT Est 1184-1207 in Unmarried 2
   * Sealing Spouse:
   * Event: Seal 2

Children

  1. Has Children Joan Plantagenent b: 1188 in London, Middlesex, England
  2. Has No Children Joan of England Princess of Nor b: ABT 1188 in of,London,Middlesex,England

Marriage 21 Agatha Ferrers b: ABT 1168 in Charltey, Stafford, England

   * Married: WFT Est 1184-1207 in Unmarried 8
   * Sealing Spouse:
   * Event: Seal 8

Children

  1. Has No Children Joan Plantagenent
  2. Has Children Joan Plantagenent b: 1188 in London, Middlesex, England

Marriage 22 Matilda Gifford b: 1185 in England

   * Married: 1205 in unmd
   * Note: _STATNOT_MARRIED

Children

  1. Has No Children Osbert Gifford b: 1205 in Oxfordshire,Eng

Marriage 23 Mrs-John, Concubine 2 England [Concubine 2] b: ABT 1168 in of,,,England

   * Married: in unmd

Children

  1. Has No Children Geofrey Fitzroy b: ABT 1192 in of,,Essex,England

Marriage 24 Mrs-John Concubine 6 England [Concubine 6] b: ABT 1168 in of,,Lincolnshire,England

   * Married: in Unmarried

Children

  1. Has No Children Isabel La Blanche b: ABT 1192 in of,,,England

Marriage 25 Mrs-John Concubine 7 England [Concubine 7] b: ABT 1168 in of,,Lincolnshire,England

   * Married: in Unmarried

Children

  1. Has No Children John Fitzroy b: ABT 1192 in of,,Lincolnshire,England

Marriage 26 Mrs-John Concubine 8 England [Concubine 8] b: ABT 1168 in of,Kenilworth,Warwickshire,England

   * Married: in Unmarried

Children

  1. Has No Children Henry Fitzroy b: ABT 1192 in of,Kenilworth,Warwickshire,England

Marriage 27 Mrs-John Concubine 9 England [Concubine 9] b: ABT 1168 in of,,Essex,England

   * Married: in Unmarried

Children

  1. Has No Children Eudo Fitzroy b: ABT 1192 in of,,Essex,England
  2. Has No Children Ivo Fitzroy b: ABT 1194 in of,,Essex,England

Marriage 28 Isabella De Mellent Countess Of Clare b: 1170 in Gloucester,England

   * Married: 29 Aug 1189 in Marlebridge
   * Sealing Spouse: 15 Oct 1991 in JRIVE
   * Note: _STATNOT_MARRIED
   * Event: Divorced Unknown 1200
   * Event: Divorced Unknown 1199

Children

  1. Has No Children Richard Fitz Roy de Dover b: 1190 in England
  2. Has No Children Isabel "la Branche" Fitzroy b: 1192 in England
  3. Has No Children Geofrey Fitzroy b: 1193 in England

Marriage 29 Hedwiga Of Gloucester b: in Gloucester,England

   * Married: 1199 in England 25
   * Note:

         Hawise of Gloucter married her cousin, John I Lackland in 1199. Themarriage was later annulled.

         Hawise of Gloucester had married her 3rd cousin, John I Lackland, bothdescended from William the Conqueror. He had the marriage set aside andannulled sometime before 1203. He was then free to marry Isabella ofAngouleme.

Marriage 30 Clemence (Plantagenet)

   * Married: 1191 in England

Children

  1. Has No Children Joan "Natural Daughter" Plantagenet b: 1191 in England

Marriage 31 Hawise De Tracy b: in ???

   * Married: 1186 in England

Children

  1. Has No Children Richard FitzRoy b: 1186 in ???

Marriage 32 Constance de Brittany b: ABT. 1161

Marriage 33 Spouse Unknown

   * Married: ABT. 1186

Children

  1. Has No Children Osbert Gifford
  2. Has Children Maud Avranches [Dame Sapcote] b: ABT 1097 in Devon, England
  3. Has Children Richard FitzRoy , Constable of Wallingford b: 1186 in Chilham Castle,Kent,England
  4. Has No Children Geoffrey FitzRoy b: 1192
  5. Has No Children Sir John FitzJohn Courcy b: 1192 in of Lincolnshire, England
  6. Has No Children Odo (Eudo) FitzRoy b: 1192 in of Essex, England
  7. Has No Children Ivo FitzRoy b: 1194 in of Essex, England
  8. Has No Children Henry FitzRoy b: 1192 in of Kenilworth, Warwickshire, England
  9. Has No Children Isabella la Blanche b: 1192 in of England

Marriage 34 daughter FitzWarin

   * Married: BEF. 1186

Marriage 35 Hawise de Tracy b: 1168

   * Married: BEF. 1186

Children

  1. Has No Children Oliver of England b: BEF. 1186

Marriage 36 Suzanne de Warenne b: 1166 in of England

   * Married: ABT. 1186

Children

  1. Has No Children Richard FitzJohn of Dover Baron Chilham b: 1186 in of Chilham Castle, Kent, England

Marriage 37 Clemence de Arcy b: ABT. 1173

   * Married: BET. 1188 - 1191

Marriage 38 Isabella "Avisa" FitzRobert Cts de Gloucester b: 1170 in of Gloucester, England

   * Married: 29 Aug 1189 in Marleborough Castle, Wiltshire

Marriage 39 Isabella De Taillefer b: 1180 in Angoulême, Charente, France c: 1188 in France - Dtr Of Aymer Of Angouleme

   * Married: 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Gascony, France 26 2 1 4 3 6 27 8 7 10 9 12 13 14
   * Sealing Spouse: 16 Feb 1993 in PROVO
   * Note:

         _STATMARRIED

         _STATMARRIED

   * Event: Seal 15 Oct 1991 in Jrive 2 8

Children

  1. Has Children Henry III King England b: 1 Oct 1205 in ,Winchester,Hampshire,England c: 1207 in Bermondsey,England - Son Of Henry II
  2. Has Children Richard of Cornwall Earl of Cornwall b: 5 Jan 1208/1209 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire
  3. Has No Children Joan Plantagenet of England b: 22 Jul 1210 in Gloucester, England
  4. Has No Children Eleanor b: 1215 in Westminster,Eng
  5. Has No Children John Of Acre b: 1212 in Acre
  6. Has Children Richard Plantagenet , Earl of Cornwall b: 5 Jan 1208/1209 in Winchester, Hampshire, England c: in Aachen
  7. Has No Children Joane Plantagenet Queen Of Scotland b: in Coucy,Alsne,France
  8. Has No Children Isabelle Plantagenet b: 1214 in Surrey.England
  9. Has No Children Eleanor Plantagenent b: 1203 in England (Princess Eleanor) c: in England - Dtr Of John Lackland
 10. Has No Children Henry III Curtmantle b: 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester, England c: 1207 in Bermondsey, England - Son Of Henry II
 11. Has No Children John Of Acre b: ABT 1212 in Acre - Dtr Of King Edward I
 12. Has No Children Isabella Plantagenent Empress b: 1214 in England - Dtr Of King John
 13. Has No Children Eleanor Princess of England b: ABT. 1202
 14. Has Children Richard Earl of Cornwall b: 5 Jan 1208/1209 in Winchester, England c: in Aachen
 15. Has No Children Joan Princess of England b: 1210 in England
 16. Has No Children Isabella Princess Of England b: 1214
 17. Has No Children Richard Of Cornwall , Earl Of Cornwall b: 5 Jan 1209/1210 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England
 18. Has No Children Henry III Plantagenent b: 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England
 19. Has No Children Isabel Plantagenet b: 1214 in Winchester, Hampshire, England
 20. Has No Children Joane Plantagenet [Queen Scotland] b: 22 Jul 1210 in Coucy, Alsne, France
 21. Has No Children Isabella Plantagenet b: 1214 in Winchester, Hampshire, England
 22. Has No Children Isabel Empress of Germany [Empress of Germ b: 1214 in of,Winchester,Hampshire,England
 23. Has Children Eleanor Plantagenet b: ca. 1215 in Winchester, Hampshire, England
 24. Has No Children Richard Prince Of England b: 5 Jan 1208/1209 in , Winchester, Hampshire, England
 25. Has No Children Joane Princess Of England b: 22 Jul 1210 in , Coucy, Alsne, France
 26. Has No Children Isabel Princess Of England b: 1214 in Of, Winchester, Hampshire, England
 27. Has No Children Eleanor Princess Of England b: 1215 in , Winchester, Hampshire, England
 28. Has No Children Joan (Legitimate) Plantagenet b: Dec 1213 in Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England

Sources:

  1. Title: #678
     Text: Date of Import: Jul 5, 2000
  2. Title: #671
     Text: Date of Import: Dec 26, 2000
  3. Title: #677
     Text: Date of Import: Apr 20, 2001
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     Text: Date of Import: Apr 24, 2001
  5. Title: #716
     Page: Weis page 3 line 26.
  6. Title: #679
     Text: Date of Import: Dec 15, 2000
  7. Repository:
           Name: Not Given
     Title: Ball.FTW
     Note:
     Source Media Type: Other
     Text: Date of Import: Jul 5, 2000
  8. Repository:
           Name: Not Given
     Title: v11t4329.FTW
     Note:
     Source Media Type: Other
     Text: Date of Import: Dec 26, 2000
  9. Repository:
           Name: Not Given
     Title: 13143.GED
     Note:
     Source Media Type: Other
     Text: Date of Import: Apr 20, 2001
 10. Repository:
           Name: Not Given
     Title: 160010.GED
     Note:
     Source Media Type: Other
     Text: Date of Import: Apr 24, 2001
 11. Title: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists
     Author: Frederick Lewis Weis
     Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc of Baltimore. 1979. 5th Edition.
     Weld County Library Ged 929.2 Greeley, Colorado. (Cente
     Page: Weis page 3 line 26.
 12. Repository:
           Name: Not Given
     Title: 401017.ftw
     Note:
     Source Media Type: Other
     Text: Date of Import: Dec 15, 2000
 13. Title: #739
     Text: Date of Import: Dec 12, 2000
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           Name: Not Given
     Title: v13t1033.FTW
     Note:
     Source Media Type: Other
     Text: Date of Import: Dec 12, 2000
 15. Title: #946
     Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis
     Publication: Genealogical Publixhing Co., Inc.
 16. Title: #743
     Page: Langer page 212.
 17. Title: Langer's "An Encyclopedia of World History" Compiled and Edited by William Langer.
     4th Edition, Completely Revised. 196
     Author: Langer, William
     Publication: Houghton, Mifflin Compan, Boston.
     Page: Langer page 212.
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     Page: Gurney page 228.
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     Author: Gene Gurney
     Publication: Crown Publishers, New York. 1982
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           Name: Family History Library
           Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
           35 N West Temple Street
           Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
     Title: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January
 23. Title: Ancestral File (TM)
     Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
     Publication: July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
 24. Title: Ancestral File (TM)
     Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
     Publication: June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998
 25. Title: Langer's "An Encyclopedia of World History" Compiled and Edited byWilliam Langer. 4th Edition, Completely Revised. 196
     Author: Langer, William
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-------------------- from: http://www.renderplus.com/hartgen/htm/plantagenet.htm#name3629

King John - JOHN OF ENGLAND (1167-1216). Vicious, shameless, and ungrateful, King John has been called the worst king ever to rule England. Yet the very excesses of his reign proved positive in that they provoked such a violent reaction that his subjects revolted and forced him to put his seal on the Magna Carta. This document became the safeguard of English liberty. John's nickname was Lackland because at first he owned no land. Later his father, King Henry II, gave him castles, lands, and revenues in both England and France. John plotted against his father, however, and the discovery of this conspiracy was a factor in the king's death. John's brother, Richard the Lion-Hearted, became king and added to John's possessions. While Richard was absent from England on the Third Crusade, John conspired against him also. When Richard died in 1199, the barons selected John to be their king. This denied the royal claim of Arthur, son of another brother, Geoffrey. Two French provinces fought for young Arthur, but the boy fell into the hands of John and died soon after. During the war John lost all his French possessions except Aquitaine. John then quarreled with Pope Innocent III about the appointment of Stephen Langton as archbishop of Canterbury. John was excommunicated, and England was forbidden all religious services except baptism and extreme unction. The growing discontent of his subjects finally forced John to recognize the new archbishop. When John went to France seeking to regain his lands in Normandy, the barons marched against the king and demanded a charter of liberties. All but a handful of followers deserted John. He was forced to meet the barons at Runnymede on June 15, 1215, and to sign the Great Charter. John had no intention of supporting the charter, however. He recruited a new army and destroyed the estates of the barons. The barons then offered the English crown to Louis, a French prince. In the midst of a war for the throne, John died of a fever. The task of restoring the torn kingdom fell to his nine-year-old son, Henry III.

John was on the list of those who had plotted against his father, Henry I, but was not successful in plotting against his brother, Richard. Richard gave him lands in Normandy and England, but these were not enough. While Richard was imprisoned, John unsuccessfully rebelled several times. Upon Richard's return, he was reprimanded and kept out of trouble for the last five years of his brother's reign and earned the succession to the throne.

John was respected as successor in England, but in Anjou, Maine, and Touraine Arthur, son of Geoffrey of Brittany, was recognized as sovereign. John persuaded Philip II to oust the twelve-year-old Arthur and became Lord of the Angevin Empire. He then annulled his marriage to Isabella of Gloucester, whom Richard had betrothed to him, and, in an effort to unite the two halves of his empire, married Isabella of Angouleme. Unfortunately, John's bride's former fiance appealed to Philip II, and Philip declared all of John's recent acquisitions forfeit.

John captured Arthur shortly after his possessions were forfeited. Arthur disappeared and the murder has never been proven.

Determined to get his territory back, John levied high taxes on his nobles. This also came at the time of a conflict with Pope Innocent III. John refused to accept the papal appointment to the position of Archbishop of Canterbury. The pope punished John by placing England and Wales under an interdict and excommunicating John a year later John, however, needed papal support to win his invasion of France. John made England a papal fief and invaded. In 1214, John lost the Battle of Bovines and the English barons had enough.

In 1215, the barons seized London and forced John to sign the Magna Carta at Runnymead. John had no intention of living up to the document, and the barons looked to Louis of France, Philip's son, for aid. Louis invaded England in 1216. John died that year in October with a nine-year old son as his successor.

John (reigned 1199-1216) was an able administrator interested in law and government but he neither trusted others nor was trusted by them. Heavy taxation, disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209) and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made him unpopular. Many of his barons rebelled and in June 1215 they forced the King to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms.

This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, defined feudal obligations between the King and the barons, and guaranteed a number of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom of the Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; the need to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjust taxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of the machinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and the requirement to control the behavior of royal officials.

The most important clauses established the basis of habeas corpus ('you have the body'), i.e. that no one shall be imprisoned except by due process of law, and that 'to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice'.

The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure that the Sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him if he did not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting that the Sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people, and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles, Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects of English law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of the English people.

A peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and the rebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in 1216 England was in the grip of civil war. -------------------- John, King of England 1199-1216, married Isabella Angouleme -------------------- Nascimento: ou 27 de dezembro de 1166, ou 24 de dezembro de 1167. -------------------- Nascimento: ou 27 de dezembro de 1166, ou 24 de dezembro de 1167. Sepultura: na Catedral de Worcester. -------------------- John was King of england fron 1199 until 1216.

He was the son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He married first Isabel Gloucester on Aug. 29, 1189. They had no children.

He married second Isabella of Angouleme on Aug 24, 1200. They had 5 children. One of whom was King Henry III of England.

He died at the age of 49 at Newark Castle & ws buried at Worcester Cathedral.

-------------------- See link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_England -------------------- John (24 December 1166 – 18/19 October 1216) reigned as King of England from 6 April 1199, until his death. He succeeded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I (known in later times as "Richard the Lionheart"). John acquired the nicknames of "Lackland" (Sans Terre in French) for his lack of an inheritance as the youngest son and for his loss of territory to France, and of "Soft-sword" for his alleged military ineptitude.[1] He was a Plantagenet or Angevin king. Born at Beaumont Palace, Oxford, John was the fifth son and last of eight children born to Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was almost certainly born in 1166 instead of 1167, as is sometimes claimed.[2] King Henry and Queen Eleanor were not together nine months prior to December 1167, but they were together in March 1166. Also, John was born at Oxford on or near Christmas, but Eleanor and Henry spent Christmas 1167 in Normandy. The canon of Laon, writing a century later, states John was named after Saint John the Apostle, on whose feast day (27 December) he was born. Ralph of Diceto also states that John was born in 1166, and that Queen Eleanor named him. Eleanor was 44 years old at the time.

He was a younger maternal half-brother of Marie de Champagne and Alix of France, his mother's children by her first marriage to Louis VII of France. He was a younger brother of William, Count of Poitiers, Henry the Young King, Matilda of England, Richard I of England, Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, Leonora of Aquitaine and Joan of England

While John was always his father's favourite son, as the youngest he could expect no inheritance. His family life was tumultuous, as his older brothers all became involved in rebellions against Henry. Eleanor was imprisoned by Henry in 1173, when John was a small boy.

As a child, John was betrothed to Alice, daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy. It was hoped that by this marriage the Angevin dynasty would extend its influence beyond the Alps, as John was promised the inheritance of Savoy, the Piemonte, Maurienne, and the other possessions of Count Humbert. King Henry promised his young son castles in Normandy which had been previously promised to his brother Geoffrey, which was for some time a bone of contention between King Henry and his son Geoffrey. Alice made the trip over the Alps and joined Henry's court; but died before ever being married.

Gerald of Wales relates that King Henry had a curious painting in a chamber of Winchester Castle, depicting an eagle being attacked by three of its chicks, while a fourth chick crouched, waiting for its chance to strike. When asked the meaning of this picture, King Henry said:

The four young ones of the eagle are my four sons, who will not cease persecuting me even unto death. And the youngest, whom I now embrace with such tender affection, will someday afflict me more grievously and perilously than all the others. Before his accession, John had already acquired a reputation for treachery, having conspired sometimes with and sometimes against his elder brothers, Henry, Richard and Geoffrey. In 1184, John and Richard both claimed that they were the rightful heir to Aquitaine, one of many unfriendly encounters between the two. In 1185, John became the ruler of Ireland, whose people grew to despise him, causing John to leave after only eight months During Richard's absence on the Third Crusade from 1190 to 1194, John attempted to overthrow William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely and Richard's designated justiciar. This was one of the events that inspired later writers to cast John as the villain in their reworking of the legend of Robin Hood.

John was more popular than Longchamp in London and in October 1191 the leading citizens of the city opened the gates to him while Longchamp was confined in the Tower. John promised the city the right to govern itself as a commune in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive.[3] While returning from the Crusade, Richard was captured by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and imprisoned by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. John is said to have sent a letter to Henry asking him to keep Richard away from England for as long as possible, but Richard's supporters paid a ransom for his release because they thought that John would make a terrible king. On his return to England in 1194, Richard forgave John and named him as his heir.

Retreating from the French invasion, John took a safe route around the marshy area of the Wash to avoid the rebel held area of East Anglia. His slow baggage train (including the Crown Jewels), however, took a direct route across it and were lost on it to the unexpected incoming tide. This dealt John a terrible blow, which affected his health and state of mind. Succumbing to dysentery and moving from place to place, he stayed one night at Sleaford Castle before dying on 18–19 October 1216, at Newark Castle (then in Lincolnshire, now on Nottinghamshire's border with that county). Numerous, if fictitious, accounts circulated soon after his death that he had been killed by poisoned ale, poisoned plums or a "surfeit of peaches".

He was buried in Worcester Cathedral in the city of Worcester.

[edit] Succession His nine-year-old son succeeded him and became King Henry III of England (1216–72), and although Louis continued to claim the English throne, the barons switched their allegiance to the new king, forcing Louis to give up his claim and sign the Treaty of Lambeth in 1217.

In 1189, John was married to Isabel of Gloucester, daughter and heiress of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (she is given several alternative names by history, including Avisa, Hawise, Joan, and Eleanor). They had no children, and John had their marriage annulled on the grounds of consanguinity, some time before or shortly after his accession to the throne, which took place on 6 April 1199, and she was never acknowledged as queen. (She then married Geoffrey de Mandeville as her second husband and Hubert de Burgh as her third).

John remarried, on 24 August 1200, Isabella of Angoulême, who was twenty years his junior. She was the daughter of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angouleme. John had kidnapped her from her fiancé, Hugh X of Lusignan.

Isabella eventually produced five children, two sons and three daughters:

Henry III (1207-1272), King of England. Richard (1209-1272), 1st Earl of Cornwall. Joan (1210-1238), Queen Consort of Scotland. Isabella (1214-1241), Empress of Germany. Eleanor (1215-1275). John is given a great taste for lechery by the chroniclers of his age, and even allowing some embellishment, he did have many illegitimate children. Matthew Paris accuses him of being envious of many of his barons and kinsfolk, and seducing their more attractive daughters and sisters. Roger of Wendover describes an incident that occurred when John became enamoured of Margaret, the wife of Eustace de Vesci and an illegitimate daughter of King William I of Scotland. Eustace substituted a prostitute in her place when the king came to Margaret's bed in the dark of night; the next morning, when John boasted to Vesci of how good his wife was in bed, Vesci confessed and fled.

John had the following illegitimate children:

Joan, Princess of Wales, the wife of Prince Llywelyn Fawr of Wales, (by a woman named Clemence) Richard Fitz Roy, (by his cousin, Adela, daughter of his uncle Hamelin de Warenne) Oliver FitzRoy, (by a mistress named Hawise) who accompanied the papal legate Pelayo to Damietta in 1218, and never returned. By an unknown mistress (or mistresses) John fathered:

Geoffrey FitzRoy, who went on expedition to Poitou in 1205 and died there. John FitzRoy, a clerk in 1201. Henry FitzRoy, who died in 1245. Osbert Gifford, who was given lands in Oxfordshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Sussex, and is last seen alive in 1216. Eudes FitzRoy, who accompanied his half-brother Richard on Crusade and died in the Holy Land in 1241. Bartholomew FitzRoy, a member of the order of Friars Preachers. Maud FitzRoy, Abbess of Barking, who died in 1252. Isabel FitzRoy, wife of Richard Fitz Ives. Philip FitzRoy, found living in 1263. (The surname of FitzRoy is Norman-French for son of the king.

-------------------- Ascended the Throne, 6th April 1199 Coronation, Westminster Abbey 27th MAY 1199 Authority, King of England and Ireland, other titles.

Legend records how, taking a short cut across the Wash in 1216, John lost the crown jewels when caught out by the tide. -------------------- King John, known as "Lackland," signed the Magna Carta.

JOHN LACKLAND - KING JOHN OF ENGLAND ~

King John of England (1167-1216), fifth and youngest son of King Henry II and his queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, was nicknamed John Lackland, because, unlike his brothers, he received no significant continental fiefs from his father. However, he later received scattered possessions in England and France, and the lordship of Ireland. HIS REIGN: In 1199, he succeeded his brother Richard I to the throne and to the extensive Angevin possessions in France. John's alleged failure to fulfill his feudal obligations to his overlord Phillip II of France and his murder of Arthur of Brittany caused him to lose Normandy and Anjou to the French crown. Eventually, he lost all his French possessions except Aquitaine and part of Poitou. In England, John's quarrels with the Church over the appointment of Stepehn Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury led to a bitter power struggle with Pope Innocent III. When John refused to accept Langton, Innocent installed him anyway and placed England under an interdict. John retaliated by confiscating Church propterty from the clergy who supported the interdict, but the pope retaliated by excommunicating John in 1209. Four years later he gave his approval to the French to invade England. John was forced to capitulate and accept a humiliating settlement in which he turned England over to the pope and received it back as a papal fief. MAGNA CARTA: Quarrels with he Barons and towns, which resented his abuse of feudal customs and extortion of tax money, led to a domestic crisis that climaxed not long before John's death. In 1215, the English barons forced him to seal the Magna Carta. Despite John's reputation for heavy-handedness-he had no intention of abiding by the Magna Carta-modern scholars give him credit for improving royal government, especially by making significant advances in the keeping of royal records. He died in 1216 during the unrest that followed his refusal to obey the Magna Carta's provisions. John was a capable administrator, but his weakesses were serious. His manic-depressive tendencies would cause him to lapse into inaction at critical times: he was endlessly suspicious that the baronial class in England, particularly in the North, were disloyal, forcing them into confrontation with him; he seemed unable to keep his hands off the wives and fiance's of the high nobility; and he was simply overmatched in his encounters with Philip II Augustus of France. -------------------- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_England John (24 December 1167 – 19 October 1216[1]) was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death. He acceded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I, who died without issue. John was the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, and was their second surviving son to ascend the throne; thus, he continued the line of Plantagenet or Angevin kings of England. Prior to his coronation, he was Earl of Cornwall and Gloucester, but this title reverted to the Crown once he became King. John's oldest surviving brother, Richard, became king upon the death of their father in 1189, and John was made Count of Mortain (France). When Richard refused to honour their father's wishes and surrender Aquitaine to him as well, John staged a rebellion. The rebellion failed, and John lost all potential claims to lands in France.

During his lifetime John acquired two epithets. One was "Lackland" (French: Sans Terre), because, as his father's youngest son, he did not inherit land out of his family's holdings, and because as King he lost significant territory to France.[2] The other was "Softsword" signifying his supposed lack of prowess in battle.[3]

Apart from entering popular legend as the enemy of Robin Hood, he is perhaps best-known for having acquiesced – to the barons of English nobility – to seal Magna Carta, a document which limited kingly power in England and which is popularly thought as an early step in the evolution of limited government. Early life

As the youngest of the sons of Henry II, John could expect no inheritance. His family life was tumultuous, as his older brothers all became involved in rebellions against Henry. His mother, Eleanor, was imprisoned by Henry in 1173, when John was about five years old. As a child, John was betrothed to Alais, daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy. It was hoped that by this marriage the Angevin dynasty would extend its influence beyond the Alps, because John was promised the inheritance of Savoy, Piemonte, Maurienne, and the other possessions of Count Humbert. King Henry promised his young son castles in Normandy which had been previously promised to his brother Geoffrey; this promise was for some time a bone of contention between Henry and Geoffrey. Alais made the trip over the Alps and joined Henry's court, but she died before being married. Gerald of Wales relates that King Henry had a curious painting in a chamber of Winchester Castle, depicting an eagle being attacked by three of its chicks, while a fourth chick crouched, waiting for its chance to strike. When asked the meaning of this picture, King Henry said:

   "The four young ones of the eagle are my four sons,... who will not cease persecuting me even unto death. And the youngest, whom I now embrace with such tender affection, will someday afflict me more grievously and perilously than all the others." 

Before his accession, John had already acquired a reputation for treachery, having conspired sometimes with and sometimes against his elder brothers, Henry, Richard and Geoffrey. In 1184, John and Richard both claimed that they were the rightful heir to Aquitaine, one of many unfriendly encounters between the two. In 1185, John became the ruler of Ireland, whose people grew to despise him, causing John to leave after only eight months. [edit] Richard's absence

During Richard's absence on the Third Crusade from 1190 to 1194, John attempted to overthrow William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely and Richard's designated justiciar. This was one of the events that inspired later writers to cast John as the villain in their reworking of the legend of Robin Hood.

John was more popular than Longchamp in London, and in October 1191 the leading citizens of the city opened the gates to him while Longchamp was confined in the tower. John promised the city the right to govern itself as a commune in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive.[4] While returning from the Crusade, Richard was captured by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who held him for ransom. Meanwhile, John had joined forces with Philip Augustus, King of France, and they sent a letter to Henry asking him to keep Richard away from England for as long as possible, offering payment to keep Richard imprisoned. Henry declined their offer, and once Richard's ransom was paid by his mother Eleanor of Aquitaine (who had to pawn the Crown Jewels of England to do so), he was set free. Upon the release, John pleaded for forgiveness from Richard, who granted it and named him heir presumptive. [edit] Reign [edit] Dispute with Arthur

On Richard's death (6 April 1199) John was accepted in Normandy and England. He was crowned king at Westminster on 27 May, Ascension Day. But Anjou, Maine, and Brittany declared for Arthur, son of his older brother Geoffrey. Some regarded his young nephew, Arthur of Brittany, as the rightful heir. Arthur fought his uncle for the throne, with the support of King Philip II of France. The conflict between Arthur and John had fatal consequences. By the May 1200 Treaty of Le Goulet, Philip recognised John over Arthur, and the two came to terms regarding John's vassalage for Normandy and the Angevin territories, but the peace was ephemeral.

The war upset the barons of Poitou, where John ruled as Count, enough for them to seek redress from the King of France, who was King John's feudal overlord with respect to the territories on the Continent. In 1202, John was summoned to the French court to answer the Poitevin barons' charges, one of which was his marriage to Isobel of Angoulême, who was already engaged to Hugh de Lusignan. Philip Augustus summoned John to his court when the Lusignans pleaded for his help. John refused, and, under feudal law, because of his failure of service to his lord, Philip declared all John's French lands and territories, except Gascony in the southwest, forfeit and immediately occupied them. Philip invested Arthur with all the fiefs of which he had deprived John, except for Normandy, and betrothed him to his daughter Marie.

Needing to supply a war across the English Channel, in 1203 John ordered all shipyards (including inland ports such as Gloucester) in England to provide at least one ship, with places such as the newly-built Portsmouth being responsible for several. He made Portsmouth the new home of the navy. (The Anglo-Saxon kings, such as Edward the Confessor, had royal harbours constructed on the south coast at Sandwich, and most importantly, Hastings.) By the end of 1204, he had 45 large galleys available to him, and from then on an average of four new ones every year. He also created an Admiralty of four admirals, responsible for various parts of the new navy. During John's reign, major improvements were made in ship design, including the addition of sails and removable forecastles. He also created the first big transport ships, called buisses. John is sometimes credited with the founding of the modern Royal Navy. What is known about this navy comes from the Pipe Rolls, since these achievements are ignored by the chroniclers and early historians.

In the hope of avoiding trouble in England and Wales while he was away fighting to recover his French lands, in 1205, John formed an alliance by marrying off his illegitimate daughter, Joan, to the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great.

As part of the war, Arthur attempted to kidnap his own grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, at Mirebeau, but was defeated and captured by John's forces. Arthur was imprisoned first at Falaise and then at Rouen. After this, Arthur's fate remains unknown. The annals of Margam Abbey give the following entry for 3 April 1203:

   "After King John had captured Arthur and kept him alive in prison for some time in the castle of Rouen... when John was drunk he slew Arthur with his own hand and tying a heavy stone to the body cast it into the Seine."[citation needed]. Another source states that his body was weighted and thrown into the castle moat.

However, Hubert de Burgh, the officer commanding the Rouen fortress, claimed to have delivered Arthur around Easter 1203 to agents of the King sent to castrate him and that Arthur had died of shock. Hubert later retracted his statement and claimed Arthur still lived. Notwithstanding Hubert's retraction, no one ever saw Arthur alive again. Assuming that he was murdered, Brittany, and later Normandy, rebelled against John.

John also imprisoned his niece, Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany. Eleanor remained a prisoner until her death in 1241. Through deeds such as these, John acquired a reputation for ruthlessness. [edit] Dealings with Bordeaux

In 1203, John exempted the citizens and merchants of Bordeaux from the Grande Coutume, which was the principal tax on their exports. In exchange, the regions of Bordeaux, Bayonne and Dax pledged support against the French Crown. The unblocked ports gave Gascon merchants open access to the English wine market for the first time. The following year, John granted the same exemptions to La Rochelle and Poitou.[5] [edit] Dispute with the Pope When Archbishop of Canterbury Hubert Walter died on 13 July 1205, John became involved in a dispute with Pope Innocent III. The Canterbury Cathedral chapter claimed the sole right to elect Hubert's successor and favoured Reginald, a candidate out of their midst. However, both the English bishops and the King had an interest in the choice of successor to this powerful office. The king wanted John de Gray, one of his own men, so he could influence the church more.[6] When their dispute could not be settled, the Chapter secretly elected one of their members as Archbishop. A second election imposed by John resulted in another nominee. When they both appeared in Rome, Innocent disavowed both elections, and his candidate, Stephen Langton, was elected over the objections of John's observers. John was supported in his position by the English barons and many of the English bishops, and refused to accept Langton.

John expelled the Chapter in July 1207, to which the Pope reacted by placing an interdict on the kingdom. John immediately retaliated by closing down the churches. Although he issued instructions for the confiscation of all church possessions, individual institutions were able to negotiate terms for managing their own properties and keeping the produce of their estates.[7] After his excommunication, John tightened these measures and he accrued significant sums from the income of vacant sees and abbeys: for example, the church lost an estimated 100,000 marks to the Crown in 1213.[8] The Pope, realising that too long a period without church services could lead to loss of faith, gave permission for some churches to hold Mass behind closed doors in 1209. In 1212, they allowed last rites to the dying. While the interdict was a burden to many, it did not result in rebellion against John. [edit] Excommunication and Papal Supremacy

In November 1209 John was excommunicated, and in February 1213, Innocent threatened stronger measures unless John submitted. The papal terms for submission were accepted in the presence of the papal legate Pandulph in May 1213 (according to Matthew Paris, at the Templar Church at Dover);[9] in addition, John offered to surrender the Kingdom of England to God and the Saints Peter and Paul for a feudal service of 1,000 marks annually, 700 for England and 300 for Ireland.[8] With this submission, formalised in the Bulla Aurea (Golden Bull), John gained the valuable support of his papal overlord in his new dispute with the English barons. [edit] Dispute with the barons

Coming to terms with Llywelyn I, Prince of Gwynedd, following the Welsh Uprising of 1211 and settling his dispute with the papacy, John turned his attentions back to his overseas interests. The European wars culminated in defeat at the Battle of Bouvines (1214), which forced the king to accept an unfavourable peace with France after having failed to get help from King Mohammed el-Nasir of Morocco.[10] This tale of the king's willingness to convert to Islam in exchange for help originates from an account by Matthew Paris, who was trying to bring the king further into disrepute, and may well have been fabricated.[11]

This finally turned the barons against him (some had already rebelled against him after he was excommunicated), and he met their leaders along with their French and Scots allies at Runnymede, near London on 15 June 1215 to seal the Great Charter, called in Latin Magna Carta. Because he had sealed under duress, however, John received approval from his overlord the Pope to break his word as soon as hostilities had ceased, provoking the First Barons' War and an invited French invasion by Prince Louis of France (whom the majority of the English barons had invited to replace John on the throne and had him proclaimed king in London in May 1216). John travelled around the country to oppose the rebel forces, directing, among other operations, a two-month siege of the rebel-held Rochester Castle. [edit] Death Retreating from the French invasion, John took a safe route around the marshy area of the Wash to avoid the rebel held area of East Anglia. His slow baggage train (including the Crown Jewels), however, took a direct route across it and was lost to the unexpected incoming tide. This dealt John a terrible blow, which affected his health and state of mind. Succumbing to dysentery and moving from place to place, he stayed one night at Sleaford Castle before dying on 18 October (or possibly 19 October) 1216, at Newark Castle (then in Lincolnshire, now on Nottinghamshire's border with that county). Numerous, possibly fictitious, accounts circulated soon after his death that he had been killed by poisoned ale, poisoned plums or a "surfeit of peaches".[12][13]

He was buried in Worcester Cathedral in the city of Worcester.

His nine-year-old son succeeded him and became King Henry III of England (1216–72), and although Louis continued to claim the English throne, the barons switched their allegiance to the new king, forcing Louis to give up his claim and sign the Treaty of Lambeth in 1217. [edit] Legacy King John's reign has traditionally been characterised as one of the most disastrous in English history, earning him the nickname "Bad King John": it began with military defeats – he lost Normandy to Philip Augustus of France in his first five years on the throne – and ended with England torn by civil war and himself on the verge of being forced out of power. In 1213, he made England a papal fief to resolve a conflict with the Catholic Church, and his rebellious barons forced him to seal Magna Carta in 1215, the act for which he is best remembered.

King John is also responsible for the creation of another English cultural icon, the historic, medieval London Bridge. To finance the construction of a large bridge across the Thames, King John set a precedent by allowing houses, shops, and a church to be built on top of the historic London Bridge, making it a tourist attraction.

As far as the administration of his kingdom went, John functioned as an efficient ruler, but he lost approval of the English barons by taxing them in ways outside those traditionally allowed by feudal overlords. The tax known as scutage, payment made instead of providing knights (as required by feudal law), became particularly unpopular. John was a very fair-minded and well informed king, however, often acting as a judge in the Royal Courts, and his justice was much sought after. Also, John's employment of an able Chancellor and certain clerks resulted in the first proper set of records, the Pipe Rolls. Tudor historiography was particularly interested in him, for his independence from the papacy (or lack of it) – this atmosphere produced not only Shakespeare's own King John but also its model The Troublesome Reign of King John and John Bale's Kynge Johan.

Winston Churchill summarised the legacy of John's reign: "When the long tally is added, it will be seen that the British nation and the English-speaking world owe far more to the vices of John than to the labours of virtuous sovereigns".[14] Medieval historian C. Warren Hollister called John an "enigmatic figure": In 2006, he was selected by the BBC History Magazine as the 13th century's worst Briton.[15] [edit] Marriage and issue

In 1189, John was married to Isabel of Gloucester, daughter and heiress of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (she is given several alternative names by history, including Avisa, Hawise, Joan, and Eleanor). They had no children, and John had their marriage annulled on the grounds of consanguinity, some time before or shortly after his accession to the throne, which took place on 6 April 1199, and she was never acknowledged as queen. (She then married Geoffrey de Mandeville as her second husband and Hubert de Burgh as her third).

John remarried, on 24 August 1200, Isabella of Angoulême, who was twenty years his junior. She was the daughter of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême. John had kidnapped her from her fiancé, Hugh X of Lusignan.[citation needed]

Isabella bore five children:-

   * Henry III (1207–1272), King of England.
   * Richard (1209–1272), 1st Earl of Cornwall.
   * Joan (1210–1238), Queen Consort of Alexander II of Scotland.
   * Isabella (1214–1241), Consort of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
   * Eleanor (1215–1275), who married William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, and later married Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.

John is given a great taste for lechery by the chroniclers of his age, and even allowing some embellishment, he did have many illegitimate children. Matthew Paris accuses him of being envious of many of his barons and kinsfolk, and seducing their more attractive daughters and sisters. Roger of Wendover describes an incident that occurred when John became enamoured of Margaret, the wife of Eustace de Vesci and an illegitimate daughter of King William I of Scotland. Eustace substituted a prostitute in her place when the king came to Margaret's bed in the dark of night; the next morning, when John boasted to Vesci of how good his wife was in bed, Vesci confessed and fled.

John had the following illegitimate children:-

   * Joan, Lady of Wales, the wife of Llywelyn the Great Welsh name Llywelyn Fawr, (by a woman named Clemence)
   * Richard Fitz Roy, (by his cousin, Adela, daughter of his uncle Hamelin de Warenne)
   * Oliver FitzRoy, (by a mistress named Hawise) who accompanied the papal legate Pelayo to Damietta in 1218, and never returned.

By an unknown mistress (or mistresses) John fathered:-

   * Geoffrey FitzRoy, who went on expedition to Poitou in 1205 and died there.
   * John FitzRoy, a clerk in 1201.
   * Henry FitzRoy, who died in 1245.
   * Osbert Gifford, who was given lands in Oxfordshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Sussex, and is last seen alive in 1216.
   * Eudes FitzRoy, who accompanied his half-brother Richard on Crusade and died in the Holy Land in 1241.
   * Bartholomew FitzRoy, a member of the order of Friars Preachers.
   * Maud FitzRoy, Abbess of Barking, who died in 1252.
   * Isabel FitzRoy, wife of Richard Fitz Ives.
   * Philip FitzRoy, found living in 1263.

(The surname of FitzRoy is Norman-French for son of the king.) Depictions in fiction Main article: Cultural depictions of John of England These reflect the overwhelming view of his reputation:-

   * King John was the subject of a Shakespearean play, The Life and Death of King John.
   * King John is a central figure in the 1819 historical romance Ivanhoe, by Sir Walter Scott.
   * Philip José Farmer, a science fiction author, featured King John as one of several historical figures in his Riverworld Saga.
   * John and one of his Justices in Eyre, the Sheriff of Nottingham, are portrayed as villain and henchman in the Robin Hood legends. These usually place the Robin Hood stories in the latter part of Richard I's reign, when Richard was in captivity and John was acting as unofficial regent. Among the screen incarnations of John in versions of the Robin Hood story are:-
         o Sam De Grasse in Robin Hood (1922).
         o Claude Rains in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938).
         o Donald Pleasence in the 1950s ITV television series The Adventures of Robin Hood.
         o The animated Prince John in the 1973 Disney movie Robin Hood, in which he is depicted as an anthropomorphic lion voiced by Peter Ustinov.
         o Phil Davis in the 1980s television series Robin of Sherwood.
         o Richard Lewis in Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993).
         o Toby Stephens depicts John as a deranged megalomaniac in episode 6, series 3 onwards of Robin Hood
   * John was impersonated by Kamelion in a plot by the Master in The King's Demons, a 1983 serial of the British science fiction series, Doctor Who.
   * John is a character in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, which dramatises Henry II's struggles with his wife and sons over the rule of his empire. John is portrayed as a spoiled, simpleminded pawn in the machinations of his brothers and Philip II. In the 1968 film he is portrayed by Nigel Terry. In the 2003 film, he is portrayed by Rafe Spall.
   * Sharon Penman's Here Be Dragons deals with the reign of John, the development of Wales under Llewelyn's rule, and Llewelyn's marriage to John's illegitimate daughter, Joan, who is depicted in the novel as "Joanna". Other novels of hers which feature John as a prominent character are The Queen's Man, Cruel as the Grave, The Dragon's Lair, and Prince of Darkness, a series of fictional mysteries set during the time of Richard's imprisonment.
   * John is featured in several books by Elizabeth Chadwick including Lords of the White Castle, The Champion and The Scarlet Lion.
   * The Devil and King John by Philip Lindsay is a highly speculative but relatively sympathetic account.
   * King John appeared in The Time Tunnel episode entitled "The Revenge of Robin Hood". Once again, John is depicted as a villain. At the end of the episode, John puts his seal on the Magna Carta but clearly he is not happy about it. He is portrayed by character actor John Crawford.
   * King John is the subject of A. A. Milne's poem for children which begins "King John was not a good man".
   * Princess of Thieves, a 2001 telemovie concerning Robin Hood's supposed daughter, depicts Prince John trying to seize the throne from the rightful heir, Prince Phillip, an illegitimate son of King Richard.
   * King John is one of two subjects – the other being Richard I – in the Steely Dan song Kings, from the 1972 LP release, Can't Buy a Thrill.

Reign 6 April 1199 – 19 October 1216 (&0000000000000017.00000017 years, &0000000000000196.000000196 days) Coronation 27 May 1199 Predecessor Richard I Successor Henry III Consort Isabel, Countess of Gloucester m. 1189; ann. 1199 Isabella of Angoulême m. 1200; wid. 1216 Issue Henry III of England Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall Joan, Queen of Scots Isabella, Holy Roman Empress Eleanor, Countess of Pembroke House House of Plantagenet Father Henry II of England Mother Eleanor of Aquitaine Born 24 December 1167(1167-12-24) Beaumont Palace, Oxford Died 19 October 1216 (aged 48) Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire Burial Worcester Cathedral -------------------- John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216[1]) was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death. He acceded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I, who died without issue. John was the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, and was their second surviving son to ascend the throne; thus, he continued the line of Plantagenet or Angevin kings of England. Prior to his coronation, he was Earl of Cornwall and Gloucester, but this title reverted to the Crown once he became King. John's oldest surviving brother, Richard, became king upon the death of their father in 1189, and John was made Count of Mortain (France). When Richard refused to honour their father's wishes and surrender Aquitaine to him as well, John staged a rebellion. The rebellion failed, and John lost all potential claims to lands in France.

During his lifetime John acquired two epithets. One was "Lackland" (French: Sans Terre), because, as his father's youngest son, he did not inherit land out of his family's holdings, and because as King he lost significant territory to France.[2] The other was "Softsword" signifying his supposed lack of prowess in battle.[3]

Apart from entering popular legend as the enemy of Robin Hood, he is perhaps best-known for having acquiesced —to the barons of English nobility— to seal Magna Carta, a document which limited kingly power in England and which is popularly thought as an early step in the evolution of limited government.

As the youngest of the sons of Henry II, John could expect no inheritance. His family life was tumultuous, as his older brothers all became involved in rebellions against Henry. His mother, Eleanor, was imprisoned by Henry in 1173, when John was about 7. As a child, John was betrothed to Alais, daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy. It was hoped that by this marriage the Angevin dynasty would extend its influence beyond the Alps, because John was promised the inheritance of Savoy, Piemonte, Maurienne, and the other possessions of Count Humbert. King Henry promised his young son castles in Normandy which had been previously promised to his brother Geoffrey; this promise was for some time a bone of contention between Henry and Geoffrey. Alais made the trip over the Alps and joined Henry's court, but she died before being married. Gerald of Wales relates that King Henry had a curious painting in a chamber