Bretislaus I of Bohemia

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In 1019, at Schweinfurt, he kidnapped his future wife Judith of Schweinfurt (Jitka), a daughter of a Bavarian magnate, margrave Henry of Schweinfurt of Nordgau.

It was in 1030 that he married the aforementioned Judith. Before his death, Bretislaus organised the succession. His eldest son, Spytihnev, was to succeed him as duke of Bohemia with control over that territory. Moravia was put under the Bohemian crown, but divided between three of his younger sons. Olomouc went to Vratislaus, Znojmo went to Conrad, and Brno went to Otto. The youngest son, Jaromir, entered the church and became bishop of Prague.

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Bretislaus I (Czech: Břetislav) (born between 1002 and 1005, died 10 January 1055), known as The Bohemian Achilles, of the house of the Premyslids, was the duke of Bohemia from 1035 till death.

Bretislaus was a son of duke Oldrich and his would-be wife Božena. In 1019, at Schweinfurt, he kidnapped his future wife Judith of Schweinfurt (Jitka), a daughter of a Bavarian magnate, margrave Henry of Schweinfurt of Nordgau.

During his father’s reign, in 1029, he took back Moravia from Poland. About 1031 Bretislaus invaded Hungary in order to prevent its expansion under king Stephen. The partition of Bohemia between Oldřich and his brother Jaromir in 1034 was probably the reason why Bretislaus fled beyond Bohemian border only to come back to take the throne after Jaromir’s abdication.

In 1035 Bretislaus helped Emperor Conrad II in his war against the Lusatians. In 1039 he invaded Little and Great Poland, captured Poznan and sacked Gniezno, bringing the relics of St Adalbert back with him. On the way back he conquered part of Silesia including Wrocław. His main goal was to set up an archbishopric in Prague and create a large state subject only to the Holy Roman Empire. In 1040 the German King Henry III invaded Bohemia but was forced to retreat after he lost the battle at Brudek. However, the following year Henry III. invaded again, skirted the border defences and laid siege to Bretislaus in Prague. Forced by a mutiny among his nobles and betrayed by his bishop, Bretislaus had to renounce all of his conquests save for Moravia.

In 1047 Emperor Henry III negotiated a peace treaty between Bretislaus and the Poles. This pact worked in Bretislaus' favour as the Polish ruler swore never again to attack Bohemia in return for an annual subsidy to Gniezno. In 1054 Bretislaus issued the famous Seniority Law. For the first time this act stated that Bohemia and Moravia would pass directly through the senior line of the Premyslid dynasty. Younger members of the dynasty were allowed to govern Moravia, but only at the Duke's discretion.

Bretislaus was the author of decrees concerning the rules of Christianization, which included a ban on polygamy or trade on holidays.

Bretislaus died at Chrudim in 1055 during his preparation for another invasion of Hungary and was succeeded by his son Spytihnev II.

It was in 1030 that he married the aforementioned Judith. Before his death, Bretislaus organised the succession. His eldest son, Spytihnev, was to succeed him as duke of Bohemia with control over that territory. Moravia was put under the Bohemian crown, but divided between three of his younger sons. Olomouc went to Vratislaus, Znojmo went to Conrad, and Brno went to Otto. The youngest son, Jaromir, entered the church and became bishop of Prague.

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http://www.jgshepherd.net/page15338.htm#b1275

Judith of Schweinfurt Died: 1058

Father: Henri I of Schweinfurt (975-1017)

Mother: Gerberge of Gleiberg (968- )

Married: to Bretislaw I 'the Warrior' of Bohemia (1005-1055)

Siblings: Eilika of Schweinfurt (1000-aft. 1055) **

Henri of Schweinfurt (992-1043) **

Otto III of Swabia (1000-1057) **

Maria (Dorothea) von Schweinfurt (c. 1006-c. 1071) **

daughter of Schweinfurt

Children: Wratislav II of Boheme (1032-1092)

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Judith von Schweinfurt

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Judith von Schweinfurt (auch Guta, tschechisch Jitka ze Schweinfurtu - oder ze Svinibrodu - (* vor 1003; † 2. August 1058 in Ungarn)) war eine Herzogin von Böhmen.

Judith, Tochter des Markgrafen Heinrich aus dem bayerischen Nordgau und der Gerberga von Henneberg, Tochter des Grafen Otto II. (Henneberg) war mit Břetislav I., Herzog von Böhmen verheiratet.

Ihre Jugend verbrachte, die nach zeitgenössischen Angaben schöne, anmutige, junge Frau im Familienkloster in Schweinfurt, wo sie auch ihre Erziehung bezog. Dort lernt sie Břetislav, Sohn des böhmischen Herzogs Oldřich und seiner aus dem Volke abstammenden Frau Božena, kennen und verliebt sich in ihn.

Ihm war jedoch klar, dass er, bedingt durch seine Herkunft, keine Möglichkeit hatte, um ihre Hand anzuhalten. 1021 wurde Judith von Břetislav zunächst nach Böhmen und später nach Mähren entführt, wo die Deutschen keine dermaßen starke Machtstellung hatten. 1029 heiraten beide in Olmütz und führen, nach den Geschichtsschreibern zu urteilen, eine glückliche Ehe.

Judith gebar ihrem Mann fünf Söhne: Spytihněv, Vratislav, Konrad, Jaromír und Otto I. den Schönen (tschechisch Ota I.).

Nach dem Tod ihres Mannes wird sie durch ihren Sohn Spytihněv 1055 aus dem Land vertrieben und verbringt den Rest ihres Lebens in Ungarn. Nach ihrem Tod werden ihre sterblichen Überreste durch den Herzog Vratislav II. nach Prag überführt und im Veitsdom bestattet.

Einer Legende nach soll sie in Ungarn Peter Orseolo geheiratet haben (dieser starb aber bereits 1046/7).

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

   * Jan Campanus Vodňanský schrieb über das Ehepaar das Drama „Břetislav und Jitka“

Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

   * Zu Judith von Schweinfurt bei Mittelalter-Genealogie

Normdaten: PND: 12089243X – weitere Informationen

Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 26. März 2010 um 16:07 Uhr geändert. -------------------- Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_of_Schweinfurt

Judith of Schweinfurt (before 1003 – 2 August 1058), Duchess of Bohemia, was the wife of Bretislaus I of Bohemia. Her parents were Henry of the House of Babenberg, margrave of Nordgau (Bavaria), and his wife Gerberga.

[edit] Břetislav and Jitka House of Přemysl and the Babenbergs would have confirmed their good relationship with Judith's marriage in 1020. Judith was a desirable bride, but Oldřich of Bohemia had only one son, Bretislaus, which was illegal, complicating the marriage with the high-born Judith. Bretislaus solved the problem by kidnapping Judith from a monastery although he was never punished for the crime. He married Judith some time later. Their first son Spytihněv was born after almost ten years, which led to the hypothesis that the kidnapping happened in 1029, although Judith may have given birth to daughters before her first son.

[edit] Exile in Hungary After Bretislaus 1055 death, Judith may have been sent by Spytihněv out of Bohemia, like other Germans, and moved to Hungary. In Hungary she may have married king Peter Urseolo of Hungary.

Judith died in 1058 and was buried in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague.

[edit] Literature KRZEMIENSKA, B. Břetislav I. - Čechy a střední Evropa v prvé polovině XI. století. Praha : Garamond, 1999. ŽEMLIČKA, J. Čechy v době knížecí 1044–1198. Praha : NLN, 2002. 660 s. ISBN 80-7106-196-4. Judith of Schweinfurt House of Babenberg Born: c. 1003 Died: 2 August 1058 Royal titles Preceded by Božena (Křesinova)? Duchess consort of Bohemia 1034–1055 Succeeded by Ida of Wettin Persondata Name Alternative names Short description Date of birth Place of birth Date of death Place of death Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_of_Schweinfurt" Categories: 1058 deaths | 10th-century Czech people | 11th-century Czech people | 11th-century Hungarian people | Duchesses of Bohemia | House of Babenberg -------------------- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_of_Schweinfurt

House of Přemysl and the Babenbergs would have confirmed their good relationship with Judith's marriage in 1020. Judith was a desirable bride, but Oldřich of Bohemia had only one son, Bretislaus, which was illegal, complicating the marriage with the high-born Judith. Bretislaus solved the problem by kidnapping Judith from a monastery although he was never punished for the crime. He married Judith some time later. Their first son Spytihněv was born after almost ten years, which led to the hypothesis that the kidnapping happened in 1029, although Judith may have given birth to daughters before her first son.