Magnus Oldenburg Prins af Danmark og Norge.

King of Livonia in 1570.

Herzog vonHolstein.

He was deposed as King of Livonia in 1577

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus,_Duke_of_Holstein

Magnus, Duke of Holstein

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Magnus, Duke of Holstein

Duke of Holstein

Bishop of Ösel-Wiek

Bishop of Courland

nominal King of Livonia

Issue

Marie Oldenburg

Eudoxia Oldenburg

Father Christian III of Denmark

Mother Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg

Born 14 August 1540(1540-08-14)

Copenhagen Castle

Died 28 March 1583 (aged 42)

Pilten

Burial Pilten (1583)

Roskilde Cathedral (1662)

Magnus of Holstein (26 August 1540 – 18 March 1583) was a Prince of Denmark [1] and a member of the House of Oldenburg. As a vassal of Ivan IV of Russia, he was the titular King of Livonia from 1570 to 1578.[2]

Contents

[hide]

   * 1 Early life

   * 2 King of Livonia

   * 3 Spouse & Issue

   * 4 Ancestry

   * 5 See also

   * 6 References

   * 7 External links

[edit] Early life

Duke Magnus was born at the Copenhagen Castle in 1540 as the second son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. At the age of 17 he was sent to Germany to be educated at various German courts. Following the death of his father in 1559, he returned to Denmark for the coronation of his older brother, King Frederick II of Denmark.

The same year, the prince-bishop of Ösel-Wiek in Old Livonia sold his lands to King Frederick II for 30,000 thalers. To avoid hereditary partition of his lands, King Frederick II gave that territory to his younger brother Magnus on condition that he renounced his rights to succession in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. In 1560, Magnus landed with an army on Saaremaa where he was immediately elected bishop by the chapter.[3]

[edit] King of Livonia

See also: Livonian war

During the Livonian war on 10 June 1570, Duke Magnus arrived in Moscow where he was crowned King of Livonia by Ivan IV. Magnus took the oath of allegiance to Ivan as his overlord and received from the corresponding charter for the vassal kingdom of Livonia in what Ivan termed his patrimony. The treaty between Magnus and Ivan IV was signed by an oprichnik and by a member of the zemskii administration, the diak V. Shchelkalov. The territories of the new kingdom still had to be conquered.

The new king Magnus of Livonia left Moscow with 20.000 Russian soldiers on the conquest of Swedish controlled Reval. Ivan’s hope of the support of Frederick II of Denmark, the older brother of Magnus, failed. By the end of March 1571 Magnus gave up the struggle for Reval and abandoned the siege.[1][4]

In 1577, having lost Ivan’s favor and getting no support from his brother, Magnus called on the Livonian nobility to rally to him in a struggle against foreign occupation. He was attacked by Ivan’s forces and taken prisoner. On his release he renounced his royal title.[5]

Magnus spent the last six years of his life at the castle of Pilten in Courland where he died as a pensioner of the Polish crown.[6]

In 1662 Magnus' body was returned to Denmark and was reburied in the Roskilde Cathedral.[7]

[edit] Spouse & Issue

On 12 April 1574 he married Maria Vladimirovna of Staritsa, daughter of Vladimir of Staritsa, Duke of Staritsa.

   * Marie Oldenburg (ca July 1580 – ca 1597)

   * Eudoxia Oldenburg (ca 1581 – ca 1588)

See also

   * List of Rulers of Schleswig-Holstein

   * Livonian War

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 849. ISBN 0313335362. http://books.google.com/books?id=sbMFCZyAcnQC&pg=PA849&dq. 

  2. ^ Goodrich, S. C. (2008). "Early Russian History". A Pictorial History of England. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 150. ISBN 0554731738. http://books.google.com/books?id=lx5rRFlTMFIC&pg=PA150&dq. 

  3. ^ Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture By Richard C. Frucht; ISBN 1576078000; p.70

  4. ^ Ivan the Terrible By Isabel De Madariaga ISBN 0300119739

  5. ^ War and Peace in the Baltic, 1560–1790 By Stewart Philip Oakley ISBN 0415024722

  6. ^ Frederik II and the Protestant Cause: Denmark's Role in the Wars of Religion By Paul Douglas Lockhart Page 38 Page 39

  7. ^ Kønigsfeldt, Johannes Peter Frederik; Danske historiske forening (1856) (in Danish). Genealogisk-historiske tabeller over de nordiske rigers kongeslægter. B. Lunos bogtrykkeri,. p. 52. http://books.google.com/books?id=VxRGOfXfHmgC&pg=PA52&dq. 

[edit] External links

   * The Role of Duke Magnus of Holstein in the Baltic Sea Region during the Livonian War, by Andres Adamson

   * Livonian Wars, by Kara Broughton

   * Die Münzen von Herzog Magnus (German)

Preceded by

Christian III of Denmark Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg & Oldenburg

1559 Succeeded by

Frederick II of Denmark

Preceded by

Johann V von Münchhausen Bishop of Ösel-Wiek

1560–1572 Succeeded by

Denmark

Preceded by

Johann IV von Münchhausen Bishop of Courland

1560–1583 Succeeded by

Denmark–Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Preceded by

Commonwealth of Both Nations nominated King of Livonia by Ivan IV

1570–1578 Succeeded by

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

This page was last modified on 7 July 2010 at 14:10.