Entered British Army, 1918; Royal Ludhiana Sikhs; served in European War, 191418; Operations, NWF, India 1919, Iraq 1920, Kurdistan 1922-23 (wounded, MC), BEF France, 1940 (mentioned in despatches, OBE); Staff College, Quetta 1929-30; Instructor, Staff College, Camberley, 1937-38; instructor, Staff College, Minley 1939; Senior Instructor, School of Military Intelligence, 1939-40; GSO 1, 51 Highland Division, 1940; Director of Morale, India, 1945; Deputy Military Secretary GHQ India, 1946; Military Secretary, GHQ India 1946-47; retired 1948. Counsellor, UK High Commission in India, 1948-49; Schools Liaison Officer, 1952-60;