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Dictators / Absolute Power
Last updated 04 09 2013
From Wikipedia: A dictator is a ruler (e.g. absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power (sometimes, but not always, with military control or bribes) but not officially sanctioned by heritage, as is an absolute monarch. When other states call the head of state of a particular state a dictator, that state is called a dictatorship. The word originated as the title of a magistrate in ancient Rome appointed by the Senate to rule the republic in times of emergency.
Like the term "tyrant" (which was originally a respectable Ancient Greek title), and to a lesser degree "autocrat", "dictator" came to be used almost exclusively as a non-titular term for oppressive, even abusive rule, yet had rare modern titular use.
In modern usage, the term "dictator" is generally used to describe a leader who holds and/or abuses an extraordinary amount of personal power, especially the power to make laws without effective restraint by a legislative assembly[citation needed]. Dictatorships are often characterized by some of the following traits: suspension of elections and of civil liberties; proclamation of a state of emergency; rule by decree; repression of political opponents without abiding by rule of law procedures; these include single-party state, and cult of personality.
The term "dictator" is comparable to–but not synonymous with–the ancient concept of a tyrant; initially "tyrant", like "dictator", did not carry negative connotations. A wide variety of leaders coming to power in a number of different kinds of regimes, such as military juntas, single-party states and civilian governments under personal rule, have been described as dictators. They may hold left or right-wing views, or can even be apolitical.
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Un dictateur est un chef d'État (ex : roi de pouvoir absolu ou autocrate) qui exerce seul le pouvoir politique d'un pays, sans séparation des pouvoirs, on parle d'un régime politique de dictature.
Certains critères peuvent mettre à jour le caractère dictatorial d'un chef d'Etat dans un pays, sans pour autant tous les réunir.
- Culte de la personnalité, caractère narcissique
- Répression de toute forme d'opposition et bafoue les Droits de l'homme des individus.
- Absence d'élection ou élections falsifiées. Pas ou peu d'observation des élections par la communauté internationale
- Absence de : liberté d'expression, liberté de la presse (contrôle et mainmise des médias), liberté de réunion, liberté de religion
- Maintien de la population loin de l'enseignement ou modifiera les livres d'histoire par de la propagande. Un peuple instruit étant difficile à manipuler
- Corruption et enrichissement personnel
- Cherchera à diviser pour régner
List of Dictators
- Europe
- Geni
- Georgios Papadopoulos (Greece)
- Ioannis Metaxas (Greece)
- Benito Mussolini (Italy)
- Adolf Hitler (Germany)
- Walter Ulbricht (former East Germany)
- Erich-Honecker (former East Germany)
- Francisco Franco (Spain)
- Miguel Primo de Rivera (Spain)
- Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (Portugal)
- Marcelo Caetano (Portugal)
- Kurt Edler von Schuschnigg (Austria)
- Vidkun Quisling (Norway)
- Carol II (Romania)
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (Turkey)
- Josip Tito (Yugoslavia)
- King Alexander I (Yugoslavia)
- Józef Pilsudski (Poland)
- Romuald Traugutt (Poland)
- Wojciech Jaruzelski (Poland)
- Józef Grzegorz Chłopicki (Poland)
- Antanas-Smetona (Lithuania)
- Klement Gottwald (Czechoslovakia)
- Boris III of Bulgaria (Bulgaria)
- Kãrlis Ulmanis (Latvia)
- Mátyás Rákosi (Hungary)
- Miklós Horthy (Hungary)
- Konstantin Päts (Estonia)
- Nicholas II Alexandrovich Romanov (Russia)
- Vladimir Lenin (Russia)
- Joseph Stalin (Russia)
- Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russia)
- Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (Russia)
- Vladimir Putin (Russia)
- Oliver Cromwell (England)
- Maximilien-de-Robespierre (France)
- Napoleon Bonaparte (France)
- Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (France)
- Wikipedia
- Theodoros Pangalos (Greece)
- Phaedon Gizikis (Greece)
- Nicolae Ceaus,escu (Romania) (Geni profile) (Romania)
- Ion Antonescu (Romania)
- Philippe Pétain (France)
- Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (Portugal)
- José Mendes Cabeçadas (Portugal)
- António Óscar Fragoso Carmona (Portugal)
- Engelbert Dollfuss (Austria)
- Ante Pavelic (Croatia)
- Josef Tiso ( Slovakia)
- Antonín Novotný (Czechoslovakia)
- Gustáv Husák (Czechoslovakia)
- Yuri Andropov (Russia)
- Konstantin_Chernenko (Russia)
- Enver Hoxha (Albania)
- Zog of Albania (Albania)
- Alexander Lukashenko (Belrarus)
- Islam Karimov (Uzbekistan)
- Kimon Georgiev Stoyanov (Bulgaria)
- Aleksandar Tsankov Staliyski (Bulgaria)
- Georgi Dimitrov Mikhaylov (Bulgaria)
- Todo Zhikov (Bulgaria)
- Ferenc Szálasi (Hungaria)
- Slobodan Miloševic' (Serbia)
- Józef Grzegorz Ch?opicki (Poland) (Geni ?)
- Americas
- Geni
- Fidel Castro (Cuba)
- Raul Castro (Cuba)
- Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (Chile)
- Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (Chile)
- Getúlio Vargas (Brazil)
- Emílio Garrastazu Médici (Brazil)
- João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (Brazil)
- Gustavo Rojas Pinila (Colombia)
- Rafael reyes (Colombia)
- Porfirio Diaz (Mexico)
- Agustin I (Mexico)
- Jorge Rafael Videla (Argentina)
- Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda (Paraguay)
- José Luis Gabriel Terra (Uruguay)
- Juan María Bordaberry (Uruguay)
- Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (Nicaragua)
- Anastasio Somoza Garcia "Tacho" (Nicaragua)
- Luis Anastasio Somoza Debayle(Nicaragua)
- William Walker (Nicaragua)
- Hugo Banzer (Bolivia)
- Manuel Belzu (Bolivia)
- René Barrientos Ortuño (Bolivia)
- Rafael Carrera (Guatemala)
- Justo Rufino Barrios (Guatemala)
- Jorge Ubico y Castañeda (Guatemala)
- Efraín Ríos Montt (Guatemala)
- Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia (Guatemala) (on Wikipedia)
- Juan Vicente Gómez (Venezuela)
- Simón Bolívar (Venezuela)
- Cipriano Castro (Venezuela)
- Francisco de Miranda (Venezuela)
- Antonio Guzmán Blanco (Venezuela)
- Marcos Pérez Jiménez (Venezuela)
- Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (Venezuela)
- Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham (Guyana)
- Juan Manuel de Rosas (Argentina)
- Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Haiti)
- Paul Magloire (Haiti)
- Buenaventura-Baez-Mendez (Dominican Republic)
- Ulises Heureaux (Dominican Republic)
- Wikipedia
- François Duvalier "Papa Doc" (Haiti)
- Jean-Claude Duvalier "Bébé Doc" (Haiti)
- Raoul Cédras (Haiti) (Geni?)
- Henri Christophe (Haiti)
- Pedro Santana (Dominican Republic)
- Rafael Trujillo (Dominican Republic)
- Eric Gairy (Grenada)
- Dési Bouterse (Surinam)
- Humberto Castelo Branco (Brazil)
- Artur da Costa e Silva (Brazil)
- Ernesto Geisel (Brazil)
- Alberto Fujimori (Peru)
- Óscar Raymundo Benavides (Peru)
- Augusto Bernardino Leguía (Peru)
- Manuel Arturo Odría Amoretti (Peru)
- Fulgencio Batista (Cuba)
- Gerardo Machado (Cuba)
- Higinio Morinigo Martinez (Paraguay)
- José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (Paraguay)
- Carlos Antonio López (Paraguay)
- Francisco Solano López (Paraguay)
- Gregorio Conrado Álvarez (Uruguay)
- José Santos Zelaya López (Nicaragua) (Geni ?)
- Luis García Meza Tejada (Bolivia)
- Mariano Melgarejo (Bolivia)
- Antonio López de Santa Anna (Mexico)
- Victoriano Huerta (Mexico)
- Manuel Antonio Noriega (Panama)
- Omar Torrijos (Panama)
- Manuel José Estrada Cabrera (Guatemala)
- Carlos Castillo Armas (Guatemala)
- Fernando Romeo Lucas García (Guatemala)
- Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (El Salvador)
- Oswaldo López Arellano (Honduras)
- Tiburcio Carías Andino (Honduras)
- Juan Carlos Onganía (Argentina)
- Leopoldo_Galtieri (Argentina)
- Asia
- Geni
- Hafez al-Assad (Syria)
- Bashar al-Assad (Syria)
- Kim Il-sung (North Korea)
- Kim Jong-il(North Korea)
- Kim Jong-un (on Wikipedia(North Korea)
- Park Chung-hee (South Korea)
- Syngman Rhee (South Korea)
- Mao Zedong (China)
- Chiang Kai-shek (China)
- Dinh Diêm Ngô (South Vietnam)
- Indira-Gandhi (India)
- Emilio-Famy-Aguinaldo (Philippines)
- Ferdinand Marcos (Philippines)
- Sukarno (Indonesia)
- Roman von Ungern-Sternberg (Mongolia)
- Mahathir Mohamad (Malaysia)
- Najib Razac) (Malaysia)
- Muhammad Zia Ul Haq (Pakistan)
- Pervez Musharraf (Pakistan)
- Ruhollah Mostafavi Khomeini (Iran)
- Mohammad Reza- Sha-h Pahlavi (Iran)
- Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Saudi Arabia)
- Hassanal Bolkiah (Brunei)
- ???? (Japan)
- Wikipedia
- Suharto (Indonesia)
- Khamtai Siphandon (Laos)
- Khorloogiin Choibalsan (Mongolia)
- Chun Doo-hwan (South Korea)
- Pol Pot (Cambodia)
- Lon Nol (Cambodia)
- Ho Chi Minh (North Vietnam)
- Le Duan (North Vietnam)
- Ne Win (Burma)
- Yuan Shikai (China)
- Than Shwe (Myanmar)
- Thanom Kittikachorn (Thaïland)
- Sonthi Boonyaratglin (Thaïland)
- Saddam Hussein (Iraq)
- Abd al-Karim Qasim (Iraq)
- Abdul Salam Mohammed Arif Aljumaily (Iraq)
- Ali Abdullah Saleh (Yemen)
- Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev (Azerbaïdjan)
- Ali Hosseini Khamenei (Iran)
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Iran)
- France-Albert René (Seychelles)
- Rahimuddin (Balochistan)
- Mohammed Daoud Khan (Afghanistan)
- Mullah Mohammed Omar (Afghanistan)
- Ayub Khan (Pakistan)
- Yahya Khan (Pakistan)
- Saparmurat Niyazov (Turkmenistan)
- Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (Turkmenistan)
- Emomalii_Rahmon (Tajikistan)
- Askar Akayev (Kyrgyzstan)
- Nursultan Nazarbayev (Kazakhstan) ((Geni?))
- Hussain Muhammad Ershad (Bangladesh)
- Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (Maldives)
- Africa
- Geni
- Muammar al-Gaddafi (Lybia)
- Anwar Sadat (Egypt)
- Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (Egypt)
- Gamal-Abdel-Nasser (Egypt)
- Hassan II (Morocco)
- Omar Bongo (Gabon)
- Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (Tunisia) (on Wikipedia)
- Wikipedia
- Habib Bourguiba (Tunisia)
- Houari Boumediene (Algeria)
- Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria)
- Hissène Habré (Tchad)
- Idriss Déby Itno (Tchad)
- François Tombalbaye (Tchad)
- Isaias Afwerki (Eritrea)
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny (Ivory Coast)
- Laurent Gbagbo (Ivory Coast)
- François Bozizé (Central African Republic)
- Jean-Bedel Bokassa (Central African Republic)
- André Kolingba (Central African Republic)
- David Dacko" (Central African Republic)
- Francisco Macías Nguema (Equatorial Guinea)
- Denis Sassou Nguesso (Congo)
- Daniel arap Moi (Kenya)
- Charles Taylor (Liberia)
- Samuel K. Doe (Liberia)
- Robert Mugabe ( Zimbabwe)
- Idi Amin Dada (Uganda)
- Yoweri Museveni (Uganda)
- Milton Obote (Uganda)
- Ahmed Sékou Touré (Guinea)
- Siaka Stevens (Sierra Leone)
- Valentine Strasser (Sierra Leone)
- Jhonny Paul Korona (Sierra Leone)
- Mobutu Sese Seko (Zaire)
- Laurent-Désiré Kabila (Zaire)
- Blaise Compaoré (Burkina Faso)
- Thomas Sankara (Burkina Faso)
- Ian Douglas Smith (Zimbabwe)
- Ismaïl Omar Guelleh (Djibouti)
- Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (Burundi)
- Pierre Nkurunziza (Burundi)
- Eduardo do Santos (Angola)
- João Bernardo Vieira (Guinea Bissau)
- Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia)
- Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)
- Jerry Rawlings (Ghana)
- Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (Mauritania)
- Mathieu Kérékou (Benin)
- Gnassingbé Eyadéma (Togo)
- Olusegun Obasanjo (Nigeria)
- Sani Abacha (Nigeria)
- Ibrahim Babangida (Nigeria)
- Mswati III (Swaziland)
- Omar al-Bashir (Sudan)
- Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry (Sudan)
- Hastings Kamuzu Banda (Malawi)
- Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia)
- Mengistu Haile Mariam (Ethiopia)
- Mousa Traoré (Mali)
- Modibo Keïta (Mali)
- Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (Equatorial Guinea)
- Siad Barre (Somalia)
- Yahya Jammeh (Gambia)
- Moise Tshombe (Katanga)
- Paul Biya (Cameroun)
- Théodore Sindikubwabo (Rwanda)
- Paul Kagame (Rwanda)
- Oceania
- Geni
- Wikipedia
- Frank_Bainimarama (Fidji)
- Sitiveni Rabuka (Fidji)
Web links
English
- Wikipedia List of dictators in modern times
- ConservapediaList of dictators
- Follow Reed Brody of Human Rights Watch (Video)
- Ree Brody "the dictator hunter"
- List of titles used by dictators