Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. It is awarded to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." The Nobel Peace Prize is frequently described as the most prestigious prize among the Nobel Prizes, and indeed, as "the world's most prestigious prize".

Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a 5-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded in Oslo City Hall on 10 December each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947–89), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–46) and the Parliament (1901–04).

chronological

• 2012: European Union (EU) "for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe".
• 2011: jointly to: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (b. 1938) 24th and current President of Liberia, to: Leymah Gbowee (b. 1972) Liberian peace activist, and to: Tawakkol Karman توكل كرمان (b. 1979) became the international public face of the 2011 Yemeni women rights and peace activist, known as Yemeni "Iron Woman" and "Mother of the Revolution", "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work".
• 2010: Liu Xiaobo
• 2009: Barack Hussein Obama jr. (b. 1961).
• 2008 : Martti Ahtisaari ‧ Sir Nicholas Winton
• 2007: jointly to: I.P.C.C. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and to: Albert Arnold -Al- Gore jr. (b. 1948)
• 2006 : Muhammad YUNUS ‧ ‧ • Grameen BANK ‧ ‧
• 2005: jointly to: I.A.E.A. International Atomic Energy Agency and to: Mohamed El-Baradei (b. 1942).
• 2004 : Wangari Muta Maathai ‧
• 2003 : Shirin EBADI ‧
• 2002: James Earl -Jimmy- CARTER, jr. (b. 1924).
• 2001: jointly to: U.N. United Nations and to: Kofi Annan (b. 1938)/
• 2000 : Kim Dae-jung ‧
• 1999 : Médecins Sans Frontières
• 1998 : John HUME ‧ David TRIMBLE ‧
• 1997: jointly to: I.C.B.L. International Campaign to Ban Landmines and to: Jody WILLIAMS (b. 1950).
• 1996 : Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo ‧ José Ramos-Horta ‧ ‧ •
• 1995: jointly to: Joseph ROTBLAT () and to: Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
• 1994: jointly to: Mohammed Yasser Arafat (1929-2004), and to: יצחק רבין Yitzhak Rabin (1922-1995).
• 1993: jointly to: Frederik Willem de Klerk (b. 1936)
• 1992 : Rigoberta Menchú Tum ‧ ‧ •
• 1991 : Aung San Suu Kyi ‧ ‧ •
• 1990 : Mikhail Sergeyevich GORBACHEV ‧ Stavropol 1931-x ‧ •
• 1989 : The 14th Dalai Lama ‧ Tenzin GYATSO.
• 1988: UN-United Nations Peacekeeping Forces.
• 1987 : Oscar Arias SÁNCHEZ ‧ ‧ •
• 1986: Elie Wiesel (b. 1928).
• 1985: Intern. Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War.
• 1984 : Desmond Mpilo TUTU ‧ ‧ •
• 1983 : Lech WALESA ‧ ‧ •
• 1982 : Alva MYRDAL ‧ & • Alfonso García ROBLES ‧ ‧ •
• 1981: U.N.H.C.R. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
• 1980 : Adolfo Pérez ESQUIVEL ‧ 1931 ‧ •
• 1979 : Mother Teresa ‧ ‧ •
• 1978: jointly to: [ Mohamed Anwar al-SADAT] (1918-1970) and to: מנחם בגין Menachem Begin (1913-1992).
• 1977: Amnesty International.
• 1976 : Betty WILLIAMS ‧ ‧ • Mairead CORRIGAN ‧ ‧ •
• 1975 : Andrei Dmitrievich SAKHAROV ‧ 1921-1989 ‧ •
• 1974 : Seán MacBRIDE ‧ ‧ • Eisaku SATO ‧ ‧ •
• 1973 : Henry A. KISSINGER ‧ ‧ • Le Duc THO ‧ ‧ •
• 1972: not awarded
• 1971: Willy Brandt (1913-1992).
• 1970 : Norman Ernest BORLAUG (1914-2009)
• 1969: International Labour Organization I.L.O.
• 1968 : René Samuel CASSIN ‧ (1887-1976)
• 1967: not awarded
• 1966: not awarded
• 1965: United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF.
• 1964: Martin Luther King jr. (1929-1968).
• 1963: International Committee of the Red Cross, League of Red Cross Societies, Comité international de la Croix Rouge, Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge.
• 1962: Linus Carl Pauling (1901-1994).
• 1961 : Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl HAMMARSKJÖLD ‧ ‧ •
• 1960 : Albert John LUTULI ‧ ‧ •
• 1959 : Philip J. NOEL-BAKER ‧ ‧ •
• 1958 : Georges PIRE ‧ ‧ •
• 1957: Lester Bowles Pearson (1897-1972).
• 1956: not awarded
• 1955: not awarded
• 1954: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ‧ UNHCR.
• 1953: George Catlett Marshall (1880-1959).
• 1952: Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965).
• 1951 : Léon JOUHAUX ‧ ‧ •
• 1950 : Ralph BUNCHE ‧ ‧ •
• 1949 : Lord (John) Boyd Orr of BRECHIN ‧ ‧ •
• 1948: not awarded
• 1947: American Friends Service Committee‧The Quakers.
• 1946: jointly to: Emily Greene BALCH ‧ and to: John Raleigh MOTT ‧ ‧ •
• 1945 : Cordell HULL ‧ ‧ •
• 1944: International Committee of the Red Cross.
• 1943: not awarded
• 1942: not awarded
• 1941: not awarded
• 1940: not awarded
• 1939: not awarded
• 1938: Nansen International Office for Refugees.
• 1937 : Cecil of CHELWOOD, Viscount ‧ Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil
• 1936: Carlos Saavedra Lamas (1878 - 1959).
• 1935 : Carl von OSSIETZKY ‧ ‧ •
• 1934 : Arthur HENDERSON ‧ ‧ •
• 1933 : Sir Norman ANGELL ‧ ‧ • Ralph LANE ‧ ‧ •
• 1932: not awarded
• 1931: jointly to: Jane Addams (1860 - 1935) and to: [ Nicholas Murray Butler] (1862 - 1947).
• 1930 : Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom ‧ ‧ •
• 1929 : Frank Billings Kellogg ‧ ‧ •
• 1928: not awarded
• 1927 : Ferdinand Buisson ‧ ‧ • Ludwig Quidde ‧ ‧ •
• 1926 : Aristide Briand ‧ ‧ • Gustav Stresemann ‧ ‧ •
• 1925 : Sir Austen Chamberlain ‧ ‧ • Charles Gates Dawes ‧ ‧ •
• 1924: not awarded
• 1923: not awarded
• 1922 : Fridtjof Nansen ‧ ‧ •
• 1921 : Karl Hjalmar Branting ‧ ‧ • Christian Lous Lange ‧ ‧ •
• 1920 : Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois ‧ ‧ •
• 1919: Thomas Woodrow Wilson
• 1918: not awarded
• 1917: International Committee of the Red Cross.
• 1916: not awarded
• 1915: not awarded
• 1914: not awarded
• 1913 : Henri La FONTAINE ‧ ‧ •
• 1912 : Elihu ROOT ‧ ‧ •
• 1911: jointly to: Alfred Hermann Fried (1864-1921).
• 1910: Permanent Intern. Peace Bureau.
• 1909 : Auguste Marie François BEERNAERT ‧ ‧ • Paul Henri Benjamin BALLUET ‧ d'Estournelles de Constant ‧ Baron de Constant de Rebecque ‧ ‧ •
• 1908 : Klas Pontus ARNOLDSON ‧ ‧ • Fredrik BAJER ‧ ‧ •
• 1907 : Ernesto Teodoro MONETA ‧ ‧ • Louis RENAULT ‧ ‧ •
• 1906: Theodore Roosevelt.
• 1905: Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau (1843-1914).
• 1904: Institute of International Law.
• 1903 : William Randal CREMER ‧ ‧ •
• 1902 : Élie DUCOMMUN ‧ ‧ • Charles Albert GOBAT ‧ ‧ •
• 1901 : Jean Henry DUNANT ‧ ‧ •
• 1901 : Frédéric PASSY ‧ ‧ •

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• From SA Albert Lutuli, Peace, 1960
• From SA Desmond Tutu, Peace, 1984
• From SA Nelson Mandela Peace 1993
• From SA FW de Klerk Peace 1993