Thucydides, Θουκυδίδης Thucydides (c. 460 BCE – c. 395 BCE) (Greek Θουκυδίδης, Thoukydídēs) was a Greek historian from Alimos and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5t...

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Plutarch , Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus, Μέστριος Πλούταρχος Plutarch, born Plutarchos (Greek: Πλούταρχος) then named, on his becoming a Roman citizen, Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (Μέστριος Πλούταρχος),...

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Socrates - Σωκράτης Socrates (Greek: Σωκράτης, Ancient Greek pronunciation: [soˈkraːtɛːs], Sōkrátēs; c. 469 BC–399 BC, in English pronounced /ˈsɒkrətiːz/) was a Classical Greek Athenian philosopher. ...

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Diogenes of Sinope (Διογένης ὁ Σινωπεύς) Diogenes the Cynic (Greek: Διογένης ὁ Κυνικός, Diogenēs ho Kunikos) was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. Also known as Diogene...

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Herodotus "Father of History" Herodotus (Greek: Ἡρόδοτος Hēródotos) was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus, Caria (modern day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the 5th century BC (c....

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Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980), was one of the leading figures in 20th century French philosophy. He was commonly known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre was a French existenti...

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Simone de Beauvoir is now best known for her metaphysical novels, including She Came to Stay and The Mandarins, and for her 1949 treatise "The Second Sex" , a detailed analysis of women's oppression an...

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Karl Marx Documents on Geni Karl Heinrich Marx (Trier, May 5, 1818 - London, 14 March 1883) was a philosopher, historian, sociologist, economist, writer and thinker German Jewish socialist. Father th...

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Franz Kafka ; ( 3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-language novelist, one of the most influential of the 20th century, whose works came to be regarded after his death as one of the major achieveme...

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Francis Parkman (September 16, 1823 – November 8, 1893) was an American historian, best known as author of The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life and his monumental seven-volum...

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Also see øren_Kierkegaard Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (English pronunciation: /ˈkɪərkəɡɑrd/ or /ˈkɪərkəɡɒr/; Danish: [ˈsœːɐn ˈkʰiɐ̯kəˌɡ̊ɒˀ] (5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a prolific 19th century Dan...

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Moses Mendelssohn (Dessau, September 6, 1729 – January 4, 1786 in Berlin) was a German Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the renaissance of European Jews, Haskalah (the Jewish Enlightenment) is indebte...

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Martin Buber (Hebrew: מרטין בובר‎; February 8, 1878 – June 13, 1965) was an Austrian-born Jewish philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, a form of religious existentialism centered on th...

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Avicenna, Ibn Sīnā (ابن سینا) Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā, known as Abū Alī Sīnā (Persian: ابوعلی سینا، پورسینا) or, more commonly, Ibn Sīnā[8] or Pour Sina, but most commonly known in...

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From Moshe (of the Torah) to Moshe (Maimonides) there was none like Moshe R' Moshe ben Maimon , Moses Maimonides the Rambam , [ca. 1138 (or 1135?) - 1204] was the preeminent medieval Jewish philosoph...

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Speusippus Speusippus (c. 408 – 339/8 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher. Speusippus was Plato's nephew by his sister Potone. After Plato's death, Speusippus inherited the Academy and remained its...

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Plato Plato (English pronunciation: /ˈpleɪtoʊ/; Greek: Πλάτων, Plátōn, "broad"; 428/427 BCE – 348/347 BCE), was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and fo...

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Aristotle, Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs. Greek Philosopher. Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs) (384 BCE – 322 BCE) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great....

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Zeno of Citium. Greek philosopher. Founder of Stoicism Zeno of Citium (Greek: Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς, Zēnōn ho Kitieŭs; 334 BCE - 262 BCE) was a Greek philosopher from Citium (Greek: Κίτιον), Cyprus. Zeno w...

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Thomas Hobbes, XVII c English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury, was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on p...

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Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian historian, philosopher, humanist and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. A founder of modern political scienc...

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René Descartes, Philosopher René Descartes (French pronunciation: [ʁəne dekaʁt]; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) (Latinized form: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian") was a French philo...

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Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, and essayist. He is also known as a proponent of the scientific revolution. Indeed, accordin...

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Baruch de Spinoza , XVII Century Philosopher Founder of Spinozism Main interests: Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics Notable ideas Panentheism, Pantheism, Determinism, Deism, neutral monism, int...

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Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) ranks as one of the most original Jewish thinkers of the modern period. There can be little doubt that Franz Rosenzweig was not only one of the most seminal thinkers of his...

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John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey, along with Ch...

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Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian philosopher who held the professorship in philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1939 until 1947.[1] He is kno...

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Sir Karl Raimund Popper, CH, FRS, FBA (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austro-British[1] philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics.[2] He is widely regarded[3] as one of ...

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Titus Flavius Josephus (37 – c.100), also Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias) and Titus Flavius Josephus was a first-century Romano-Jewish historian and hagiographer of priestly and royal ance...

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Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (German pronunciation: [ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl ˈkant]) (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was an 18th-century German philosopher from the Prussian city of Königsberg. Kant was the la...

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