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# ID: I11411
# Name: Henry II "Plantagenet" King of ENGLAND
# Surname: England
# Given Name: Henry II "Plantagenet" King of
# Sex: M
# Birth: 5 Mar 1133 in , Le Mans, Sarthe, France 1 2
# Death: 6 Jul 1189 in , Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, France 1 2
# Burial: 8 Jul 1189 Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France
# Ancestral File #: 8WKP-WF
# Reference Number: 76144
# _UID: 4528FDEAC9E9A740ACB70ACB8E516375DC8F
# Birth: 5 Mar 1132/1133 3 1 2
# Birth: 5 Mar 1132/1133 in LeMans, Sarthe, France 4 5
# Death: 1189 6
# Death: 1189 in England 3 1 2
# Death: 5 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-etLoire, France 4 5
# Event: Reigned BET. 1154 - 1189 King of England 6
# Event: Relationship Grandson of King Henry I of England 6
# Event: Title (Facts Pg) 1rst Monarch [King of England] of House of Anjou or Plantagenet 6
# Birth: 5 Mar 1132/1133 3 1 2
# Birth: 5 Mar 1132/1133 in LeMans, Sarthe, France 4 5
# Death: 1189 6
# Death: 1189 in England 3 1 2
# Death: 5 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-etLoire, France 4 5
# Event: Reigned BET. 1154 - 1189 King of England 6
# Event: Relationship Grandson of King Henry I of England 6
# Event: Title (Facts Pg) 1rst Monarch [King of England] of House of Anjou or Plantagenet 6
# Birth: 5 Mar 1132/1133 3 1 2
# Birth: 5 Mar 1132/1133 in LeMans, Sarthe, France 4 5
# Death: 1189 6
# Death: 1189 in England 3 1 2
# Death: 5 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-etLoire, France 4 5
# Event: Reigned BET. 1154 - 1189 King of England 6
# Event: Relationship Grandson of King Henry I of England 6
# Event: Title (Facts Pg) 1rst Monarch [King of England] of House of Anjou or Plantagenet 6
# Note:

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

Henry II

Henry II belonged to the Plantagenet Dynasty. Born in 1133, he ascendedto the throne in 1154 and died in 1189. He was preceded as monarch byStephen and was succeeded by Richard I.

Henry was the eldest child of Matilda, daughter of Henry I, and GeoffreyPlantagenet, Count of Anjou. He succeeded Stephen as king in 1154. Fromhis father and mother, he inherited, Anjou, Touraine, Normandy, andMaine. From his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the divorced queen ofLouis VII, he secured Poitou, Perigord, Limousin, and Gascony.

Henry revoked Stephen's grants of crown lands, destroyed the "adulterine"castles built by the barons, expelled all mercenaries, and abolished the"fiscal" earldoms.

In 1170, the Inquest of Sheriffs was followed by the dismissal of mostsheriffs. The barons rose with the kings own sons, but the rebellion wascrushed, and Henry issues assizes the further checked the baronial power.During his reign, the jury system was developed.Medieval Sourcebook:
Gerald of Wales:
The Death of King Henry II, from the Life of Archbishop Geoffrey of York

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 5: How he was present inseparably with his sick and weak father,and how he did not abandon him even at the very end

Now, the city of Tours having been captured, after the conference, goingfrom Azai to his father in tears along the way, he [Geoffrey] began toask and ask urgently that at tomorrowÙus conference, where he would haveto place himself entirely under the mercy of the king of the Franks inall things, he should be allowed not to be present. For he said that hecould endure in no way to see his lord and father make such a humiliatingpeace. And thus they left one another on that condition with great sobsand a large flow of tears. Truly peace was made the next day; when inthat same place king lay in bed with a grave illness, clearly with angerand indignation at so great a humiliation proving the cause of hissickness, the chancellor, because he could not stand by the king when hewas carried on a bier from Azai for piety as much as for grief, nowhaving been established at Chinon he stuck by him inseparably; and whomhe had loved in health and prosperity, he did not abandon when afflictedwith ills and lying on his bed in sickness. Therefore sitting one day,with his bosom supporting the head and shoulders of his father, and acertain soldier holding his feet in his lap, he drove away flies from hisfatherÙus face with a fan; at last the king, opening his eyes, which for along time he had kept closed in the anguish of his illness, and seeinghis son, with a deep breath broke forth in these words:

"Dearest son," he said, "because whatever of faith and gratitude a soncould offer to a father, you have always striven to offer to me; if Irecover from this affliction with God helping, I will give you, bastardson of the best father, rewards, and I will set you up among the highestand powerful men of my rule. But if now by chance going to my rest I willnot be able to repay you, God, who is the requiter and author of all goodthings, will repay you, because you have proven yourself such a true sonto your father in my every fortune."

To whom at once that one responded: "Your health is enough for me,father, and your prosperity; which if God, and good Fortune, wishes togrant and save, I will confess to want nothing for myself for theincrease of desire." And with that, rising up, and withdrawing from thatplace with a great wail and lamentation, there he could not endure tomake a longer delay in the face of so much grief. [Written in margin:Also the king, with tears, asked often that he leave that place withweeping. Truly he said with piety, by which inwardly he was moved lookingat him closely, that he was not burdened lightly by one illness.] Atlength truly on the decisive day, that is the seventh from which he hadtaken to his sick-bed, now with the fever winning over him, hearing hisfather coming to the end, full of sorrow and grief he came to him. Theking, opening at GeoffreyÙus lament his eyes already long closed, andrecognizing him, broke out in these words in a weak voice: "It is mydesire, dearest son, that you obtain the cathedral honor of the church ofWinchester, or better, that of York." And taking a gold ring with apanther, which he always held very dear, and which he had proposed tosend to his son-in-law the king of Spain, he extended it to him with hisblessing. Also he had previously given to that one his other fine ring,adorned with a most precious and good sapphire, which he had held for along time as a great treasure. But although the antiquity of a will isfavorable and the authority of a will is irrefragible in law, just as inmany other cases, in this it was in vain because free will does notreturn again.

Having done that, because, "Pale death strikes the shacks of paupers andthe towers of kings with the same foot," [Horace, Odes 1.4.13] the king,finally succumbing to the sickness, breathed forth his spirit.

And just as a poor man stands out among such great wealth, just so at theend he was without ring, scepter, crown and nearly everything which isfitting for royal funeral rites; and many other things, which could beintroduced as an example for all, the book "On the Instruction of aPrince", which this studious soul had proposed to write for a later ageand precaution alike, describes diligently.

And then the body of the king was carried to Fontevrault, the sonattending the funeral procession along the way on foot, sometimes aheadand sometimes behind, when the body was placed in the church, beholdCount Richard of Poitou, the oldest of the legitimate sons still livingand the heir, at once came in. And when he entered the church andapproached the body, the face of his father, having been denuded of thenapkin with which it had been covered, was plainly visible. Which, whenit appeared to all, just as if colored and with its usual fierceness, thecount, not without growling of flesh and horror before the body, droppingto his knees in prayer for a little while, remained for scarcely an hourof Sunday prayer. But as soon as he had entered the church, just as thosewho were present maintain, both of the kingÙus nostrils emitted drops ofblood; so much that those seated nearby and the attendants of the bodyhad to wipe clean its mouth and face and wash them several times.

And of what this could be a sign or portent, the careful reader mayobserve for himself, since to express it would be harmful.

Thus these things having been accomplished, the count then passed throughthe cloister and chapter house, with a crowd, as usual, following thespoils more than the man, the chancellor remained in the church nearlyalone with the nuns, inseparable from the body of his father. Truly onthe morrow each son reverently attended the funeral rites and burial oftheir father with devotion, the chancellor, the fatherÙus seal having beenreturned to the count, which at once on his death he had signedfaithfully under the seals of the barons who were there, followed thecount for a few days, so that he would seem to be taken up by him withfraternal devotion. When the count then hastened to go to Normandy, thechancellor making after him after a small delay in the regions of Toursand Anjou, afterwards came to him in Normandy, and discovered the face ofthe count greatly turned away from him through the malice of jealous men.[1]
==============================================================
[1] Gerald of Wales: The Death of King Henry II, from the Life ofArchbishop Geoffrey of York ©1994, translated by Scott McLetchie.Permission granted for non-commercial educational use.

Henry II (born 1133, ruled 1154-89). The grandson of Henry I was thefirst Plantagenet king of England. His mother was Matilda, daughter ofHenry I. His father was Geoffrey of Anjou, whom Matilda married after thedeath of her first husband, Emperor Henry V. Geoffrey was calledPlantagenet for his habit of wearing in his cap a sprig of the broomplant, which in Latin is called planta genista.
Henry II was born in Le Mans, France, in March 1133. During hismother's conflict with Stephen for the English throne he was brought toEngland. Stephen eventually recognized his claim, and Henry became kingof England in 1154 after Stephen's death.

Henry II held England and Normandy by his mother's right. From hisfather he inherited, as French fiefs, the important counties of Anjou,Maine, and Touraine. By his marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine, whosemarriage with the French king Louis VII had been annulled, he acquiredPoitou, Guyenne, and Gascony, so that he held most of the British Islesand about half of France.

Henry II reestablished law and order after the anarchy of Stephen'sreign. He improved the military service by permitting the barons to pay"shield money," or scutage, in place of serving in the army. With this hehired soldiers who would fight whenever and wherever he wished--animportant means of maintaining control over the powerful nobles of theland.

His greatest work was the reform of the law courts. He brought theCuria Regis (King's Court) into every part of England by sending learnedjudges on circuit through the land to administer the "king's justice."Thus gradually one system of law took the place of the many local customsthat had been in use. He also established the grand jury. Now accusationscould be brought by a body of representatives of the community againstevildoers who were so powerful that no single individual dared accusethem.

The petit jury, also called petty or trial jury, substituted theweighing of evidence and testimony by sworn men for the old superstitioustrial by combat or by ordeal. (See also Jury System.) Henry evenattempted to bring churchmen who committed crimes under the jurisdictionof the king's courts, but the scandal caused by the murder of ArchbishopThomas Becket in the course of this quarrel forced him to give up thisreform (see Becket).

Henry's last years were embittered by the rebellion of his sons, aidedby Philip Augustus of France and by their mother, the unscrupulousEleanor. The king--old, sick, and discouraged--had to consent to theterms demanded of him. When he saw the name of John, his favorite son,among those of his enemies, he exclaimed, "Now let all things go as theywill; I care no more for myself, nor for the world."

Two days later he died, muttering, "Shame, shame on a conquered king."He was succeeded by his son Richard (see Richard, Kings of England).After Richard's death, in 1199, John came to the throne (see John ofEngland).

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

Henry II

Henry II belonged to the Plantagenet Dynasty. Born in 1133, he ascendedto the throne in 1154 and died in 1189. He was preceded as monarch byStephen and was succeeded by Richard I.

Henry was the eldest child of Matilda, daughter of Henry I, and GeoffreyPlantagenet, Count of Anjou. He succeeded Stephen as king in 1154. Fromhis father and mother, he inherited, Anjou, Touraine, Normandy, andMaine. From his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the divorced queen ofLouis VII, he secured Poitou, Perigord, Limousin, and Gascony.

Henry revoked Stephen's grants of crown lands, destroyed the "adulterine"castles built by the barons, expelled all mercenaries, and abolished the"fiscal" earldoms.

In 1170, the Inquest of Sheriffs was followed by the dismissal of mostsheriffs. The barons rose with the kings own sons, but the rebellion wascrushed, and Henry issues assizes the further checked the baronial power.During his reign, the jury system was developed.Medieval Sourcebook:
Gerald of Wales:
The Death of King Henry II, from the Life of Archbishop Geoffrey of York

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 5: How he was present inseparably with his sick and weak father,and how he did not abandon him even at the very end

Now, the city of Tours having been captured, after the conference, goingfrom Azai to his father in tears along the way, he [Geoffrey] began toask and ask urgently that at tomorrowÙus conference, where he would haveto place himself entirely under the mercy of the king of the Franks inall things, he should be allowed not to be present. For he said that hecould endure in no way to see his lord and father make such a humiliatingpeace. And thus they left one another on that condition with great sobsand a large flow of tears. Truly peace was made the next day; when inthat same place king lay in bed with a grave illness, clearly with angerand indignation at so great a humiliation proving the cause of hissickness, the chancellor, because he could not stand by the king when hewas carried on a bier from Azai for piety as much as for grief, nowhaving been established at Chinon he stuck by him inseparably; and whomhe had loved in health and prosperity, he did not abandon when afflictedwith ills and lying on his bed in sickness. Therefore sitting one day,with his bosom supporting the head and shoulders of his father, and acertain soldier holding his feet in his lap, he drove away flies from hisfatherÙus face with a fan; at last the king, opening his eyes, which for along time he had kept closed in the anguish of his illness, and seeinghis son, with a deep breath broke forth in these words:

"Dearest son," he said, "because whatever of faith and gratitude a soncould offer to a father, you have always striven to offer to me; if Irecover from this affliction with God helping, I will give you, bastardson of the best father, rewards, and I will set you up among the highestand powerful men of my rule. But if now by chance going to my rest I willnot be able to repay you, God, who is the requiter and author of all goodthings, will repay you, because you have proven yourself such a true sonto your father in my every fortune."

To whom at once that one responded: "Your health is enough for me,father, and your prosperity; which if God, and good Fortune, wishes togrant and save, I will confess to want nothing for myself for theincrease of desire." And with that, rising up, and withdrawing from thatplace with a great wail and lamentation, there he could not endure tomake a longer delay in the face of so much grief. [Written in margin:Also the king, with tears, asked often that he leave that place withweeping. Truly he said with piety, by which inwardly he was moved lookingat him closely, that he was not burdened lightly by one illness.] Atlength truly on the decisive day, that is the seventh from which he hadtaken to his sick-bed, now with the fever winning over him, hearing hisfather coming to the end, full of sorrow and grief he came to him. Theking, opening at GeoffreyÙus lament his eyes already long closed, andrecognizing him, broke out in these words in a weak voice: "It is mydesire, dearest son, that you obtain the cathedral honor of the church ofWinchester, or better, that of York." And taking a gold ring with apanther, which he always held very dear, and which he had proposed tosend to his son-in-law the king of Spain, he extended it to him with hisblessing. Also he had previously given to that one his other fine ring,adorned with a most precious and good sapphire, which he had held for along time as a great treasure. But although the antiquity of a will isfavorable and the authority of a will is irrefragible in law, just as inmany other cases, in this it was in vain because free will does notreturn again.

Having done that, because, "Pale death strikes the shacks of paupers andthe towers of kings with the same foot," [Horace, Odes 1.4.13] the king,finally succumbing to the sickness, breathed forth his spirit.

And just as a poor man stands out among such great wealth, just so at theend he was without ring, scepter, crown and nearly everything which isfitting for royal funeral rites; and many other things, which could beintroduced as an example for all, the book "On the Instruction of aPrince", which this studious soul had proposed to write for a later ageand precaution alike, describes diligently.

And then the body of the king was carried to Fontevrault, the sonattending the funeral procession along the way on foot, sometimes aheadand sometimes behind, when the body was placed in the church, beholdCount Richard of Poitou, the oldest of the legitimate sons still livingand the heir, at once came in. And when he entered the church andapproached the body, the face of his father, having been denuded of thenapkin with which it had been covered, was plainly visible. Which, whenit appeared to all, just as if colored and with its usual fierceness, thecount, not without growling of flesh and horror before the body, droppingto his knees in prayer for a little while, remained for scarcely an hourof Sunday prayer. But as soon as he had entered the church, just as thosewho were present maintain, both of the kingÙus nostrils emitted drops ofblood; so much that those seated nearby and the attendants of the bodyhad to wipe clean its mouth and face and wash them several times.

And of what this could be a sign or portent, the careful reader mayobserve for himself, since to express it would be harmful.

Thus these things having been accomplished, the count then passed throughthe cloister and chapter house, with a crowd, as usual, following thespoils more than the man, the chancellor remained in the church nearlyalone with the nuns, inseparable from the body of his father. Truly onthe morrow each son reverently attended the funeral rites and burial oftheir father with devotion, the chancellor, the fatherÙus seal having beenreturned to the count, which at once on his death he had signedfaithfully under the seals of the barons who were there, followed thecount for a few days, so that he would seem to be taken up by him withfraternal devotion. When the count then hastened to go to Normandy, thechancellor making after him after a small delay in the regions of Toursand Anjou, afterwards came to him in Normandy, and discovered the face ofthe count greatly turned away from him through the malice of jealous men.[1]
==============================================================
[1] Gerald of Wales: The Death of King Henry II, from the Life ofArchbishop Geoffrey of York ©1994, translated by Scott McLetchie.Permission granted for non-commercial educational use.

Henry II (born 1133, ruled 1154-89). The grandson of Henry I was thefirst Plantagenet king of England. His mother was Matilda, daughter ofHenry I. His father was Geoffrey of Anjou, whom Matilda married after thedeath of her first husband, Emperor Henry V. Geoffrey was calledPlantagenet for his habit of wearing in his cap a sprig of the broomplant, which in Latin is called planta genista.
Henry II was born in Le Mans, France, in March 1133. During hismother's conflict with Stephen for the English throne he was brought toEngland. Stephen eventually recognized his claim, and Henry became kingof England in 1154 after Stephen's death.

Henry II held England and Normandy by his mother's right. From hisfather he inherited, as French fiefs, the important counties of Anjou,Maine, and Touraine. By his marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine, whosemarriage with the French king Louis VII had been annulled, he acquiredPoitou, Guyenne, and Gascony, so that he held most of the British Islesand about half of France.

Henry II reestablished law and order after the anarchy of Stephen'sreign. He improved the military service by permitting the barons to pay"shield money," or scutage, in place of serving in the army. With this hehired soldiers who would fight whenever and wherever he wished--animportant means of maintaining control over the powerful nobles of theland.

His greatest work was the reform of the law courts. He brought theCuria Regis (King's Court) into every part of England by sending learnedjudges on circuit through the land to administer the "king's justice."Thus gradually one system of law took the place of the many local customsthat had been in use. He also established the grand jury. Now accusationscould be brought by a body of representatives of the community againstevildoers who were so powerful that no single individual dared accusethem.

The petit jury, also called petty or trial jury, substituted theweighing of evidence and testimony by sworn men for the old superstitioustrial by combat or by ordeal. (See also Jury System.) Henry evenattempted to bring churchmen who committed crimes under the jurisdictionof the king's courts, but the scandal caused by the murder of ArchbishopThomas Becket in the course of this quarrel forced him to give up thisreform (see Becket).

Henry's last years were embittered by the rebellion of his sons, aidedby Philip Augustus of France and by their mother, the unscrupulousEleanor. The king--old, sick, and discouraged--had to consent to theterms demanded of him. When he saw the name of John, his favorite son,among those of his enemies, he exclaimed, "Now let all things go as theywill; I care no more for myself, nor for the world."

Two days later he died, muttering, "Shame, shame on a conquered king."He was succeeded by his son Richard (see Richard, Kings of England).After Richard's death, in 1199, John came to the throne (see John ofEngland).

[SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW]

Henry II

Henry II belonged to the Plantagenet Dynasty. Born in 1133, he ascendedto the throne in 1154 and died in 1189. He was preceded as monarch byStephen and was succeeded by Richard I.

Henry was the eldest child of Matilda, daughter of Henry I, and GeoffreyPlantagenet, Count of Anjou. He succeeded Stephen as king in 1154. Fromhis father and mother, he inherited, Anjou, Touraine, Normandy, andMaine. From his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the divorced queen ofLouis VII, he secured Poitou, Perigord, Limousin, and Gascony.

Henry revoked Stephen's grants of crown lands, destroyed the "adulterine"castles built by the barons, expelled all mercenaries, and abolished the"fiscal" earldoms.

In 1170, the Inquest of Sheriffs was followed by the dismissal of mostsheriffs. The barons rose with the kings own sons, but the rebellion wascrushed, and Henry issues assizes the further checked the baronial power.During his reign, the jury system was developed.Medieval Sourcebook:
Gerald of Wales:
The Death of King Henry II, from the Life of Archbishop Geoffrey of York

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 5: How he was present inseparably with his sick and weak father,and how he did not abandon him even at the very end

Now, the city of Tours having been captured, after the conference, goingfrom Azai to his father in tears along the way, he [Geoffrey] began toask and ask urgently that at tomorrowÙus conference, where he would haveto place himself entirely under the mercy of the king of the Franks inall things, he should be allowed not to be present. For he said that hecould endure in no way to see his lord and father make such a humiliatingpeace. And thus they left one another on that condition with great sobsand a large flow of tears. Truly peace was made the next day; when inthat same place king lay in bed with a grave illness, clearly with angerand indignation at so great a humiliation proving the cause of hissickness, the chancellor, because he could not stand by the king when hewas carried on a bier from Azai for piety as much as for grief, nowhaving been established at Chinon he stuck by him inseparably; and whomhe had loved in health and prosperity, he did not abandon when afflictedwith ills and lying on his bed in sickness. Therefore sitting one day,with his bosom supporting the head and shoulders of his father, and acertain soldier holding his feet in his lap, he drove away flies from hisfatherÙus face with a fan; at last the king, opening his eyes, which for along time he had kept closed in the anguish of his illness, and seeinghis son, with a deep breath broke forth in these words:

"Dearest son," he said, "because whatever of faith and gratitude a soncould offer to a father, you have always striven to offer to me; if Irecover from this affliction with God helping, I will give you, bastardson of the best father, rewards, and I will set you up among the highestand powerful men of my rule. But if now by chance going to my rest I willnot be able to repay you, God, who is the requiter and author of all goodthings, will repay you, because you have proven yourself such a true sonto your father in my every fortune."

To whom at once that one responded: "Your health is enough for me,father, and your prosperity; which if God, and good Fortune, wishes togrant and save, I will confess to want nothing for myself for theincrease of desire." And with that, rising up, and withdrawing from thatplace with a great wail and lamentation, there he could not endure tomake a longer delay in the face of so much grief. [Written in margin:Also the king, with tears, asked often that he leave that place withweeping. Truly he said with piety, by which inwardly he was moved lookingat him closely, that he was not burdened lightly by one illness.] Atlength truly on the decisive day, that is the seventh from which he hadtaken to his sick-bed, now with the fever winning over him, hearing hisfather coming to the end, full of sorrow and grief he came to him. Theking, opening at GeoffreyÙus lament his eyes already long closed, andrecognizing him, broke out in these words in a weak voice: "It is mydesire, dearest son, that you obtain the cathedral honor of the church ofWinchester, or better, that of York." And taking a gold ring with apanther, which he always held very dear, and which he had proposed tosend to his son-in-law the king of Spain, he extended it to him with hisblessing. Also he had previously given to that one his other fine ring,adorned with a most precious and good sapphire, which he had held for along time as a great treasure. But although the antiquity of a will isfavorable and the authority of a will is irrefragible in law, just as inmany other cases, in this it was in vain because free will does notreturn again.

Having done that, because, "Pale death strikes the shacks of paupers andthe towers of kings with the same foot," [Horace, Odes 1.4.13] the king,finally succumbing to the sickness, breathed forth his spirit.

And just as a poor man stands out among such great wealth, just so at theend he was without ring, scepter, crown and nearly everything which isfitting for royal funeral rites; and many other things, which could beintroduced as an example for all, the book "On the Instruction of aPrince", which this studious soul had proposed to write for a later ageand precaution alike, describes diligently.

And then the body of the king was carried to Fontevrault, the sonattending the funeral procession along the way on foot, sometimes aheadand sometimes behind, when the body was placed in the church, beholdCount Richard of Poitou, the oldest of the legitimate sons still livingand the heir, at once came in. And when he entered the church andapproached the body, the face of his father, having been denuded of thenapkin with which it had been covered, was plainly visible. Which, whenit appeared to all, just as if colored and with its usual fierceness, thecount, not without growling of flesh and horror before the body, droppingto his knees in prayer for a little while, remained for scarcely an hourof Sunday prayer. But as soon as he had entered the church, just as thosewho were present maintain, both of the kingÙus nostrils emitted drops ofblood; so much that those seated nearby and the attendants of the bodyhad to wipe clean its mouth and face and wash them several times.

And of what this could be a sign or portent, the careful reader mayobserve for himself, since to express it would be harmful.

Thus these things having been accomplished, the count then passed throughthe cloister and chapter house, with a crowd, as usual, following thespoils more than the man, the chancellor remained in the church nearlyalone with the nuns, inseparable from the body of his father. Truly onthe morrow each son reverently attended the funeral rites and burial oftheir father with devotion, the chancellor, the fatherÙus seal having beenreturned to the count, which at once on his death he had signedfaithfully under the seals of the barons who were there, followed thecount for a few days, so that he would seem to be taken up by him withfraternal devotion. When the count then hastened to go to Normandy, thechancellor making after him after a small delay in the regions of Toursand Anjou, afterwards came to him in Normandy, and discovered the face ofthe count greatly turned away from him through the malice of jealous men.[1]
==============================================================
[1] Gerald of Wales: The Death of King Henry II, from the Life ofArchbishop Geoffrey of York ©1994, translated by Scott McLetchie.Permission granted for non-commercial educational use.

Henry II (born 1133, ruled 1154-89). The grandson of Henry I was thefirst Plantagenet king of England. His mother was Matilda, daughter ofHenry I. His father was Geoffrey of Anjou, whom Matilda married after thedeath of her first husband, Emperor Henry V. Geoffrey was calledPlantagenet for his habit of wearing in his cap a sprig of the broomplant, which in Latin is called planta genista.
Henry II was born in Le Mans, France, in March 1133. During hismother's conflict with Stephen for the English throne he was brought toEngland. Stephen eventually recognized his claim, and Henry became kingof England in 1154 after Stephen's death.

Henry II held England and Normandy by his mother's right. From hisfather he inherited, as French fiefs, the important counties of Anjou,Maine, and Touraine. By his marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine, whosemarriage with the French king Louis VII had been annulled, he acquiredPoitou, Guyenne, and Gascony, so that he held most of the British Islesand about half of France.

Henry II reestablished law and order after the anarchy of Stephen'sreign. He improved the military service by permitting the barons to pay"shield money," or scutage, in place of serving in the army. With this hehired soldiers who would fight whenever and wherever he wished--animportant means of maintaining control over the powerful nobles of theland.

His greatest work was the reform of the law courts. He brought theCuria Regis (King's Court) into every part of England by sending learnedjudges on circuit through the land to administer the "king's justice."Thus gradually one system of law took the place of the many local customsthat had been in use. He also established the grand jury. Now accusationscould be brought by a body of representatives of the community againstevildoers who were so powerful that no single individual dared accusethem.

The petit jury, also called petty or trial jury, substituted theweighing of evidence and testimony by sworn men for the old superstitioustrial by combat or by ordeal. (See also Jury System.) Henry evenattempted to bring churchmen who committed crimes under the jurisdictionof the king's courts, but the scandal caused by the murder of ArchbishopThomas Becket in the course of this quarrel forced him to give up thisreform (see Becket).

Henry's last years were embittered by the rebellion of his sons, aidedby Philip Augustus of France and by their mother, the unscrupulousEleanor. The king--old, sick, and discouraged--had to consent to theterms demanded of him. When he saw the name of John, his favorite son,among those of his enemies, he exclaimed, "Now let all things go as theywill; I care no more for myself, nor for the world."

Two days later he died, muttering, "Shame, shame on a conquered king."He was succeeded by his son Richard (see Richard, Kings of England).After Richard's death, in 1199, John came to the throne (see John ofEngland).

7 8 1 6
# Change Date: 7 Oct 2002 at 01:00:00

Father: Geoffrey V "Le Bon" PLANTAGENET b: 24 Aug 1113 in , , Anjou, France
Mother: Matilda (Maud) Empress of GERMANY b: 7 Feb 1112/1113 in , London, Middlesex, England

Marriage 1 Rosamond de CLIFFORD b: ABT 1136 in of Clifford Castle, Clifford, Herefordshire, England

* Married: in (Not Married)

Children

1. William "Longespee" Prince of ENGLAND b: ABT 1173 in of, , , England

Marriage 2 Elbeonore Princess of AQUITAINE b: 1121/1122 in Chcateau de Belin, Bordeaux, Aquitaine

* Married: 11 May 1152 in , Bordeaux, Gironde, France

Children

1. Matilda Princess of ENGLAND b: 1156 in , London, Middlesex, England c: in Aldgate, London, Middlesex, England
2. Geoffrey Prince of ENGLAND b: 23 Sep 1158 in , , , England
3. William Prince of ENGLAND b: 17 Aug 1152 in , Le Mans, France
4. Henry Prince of ENGLAND b: 28 Mar 1155 in Bermandsey Palace, London, England
5. Richard I "Coeur de Lion", King of ENGLAND b: 13 Sep 1157 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England
6. Philip Prince of ENGLAND b: ABT 1160 in of, , , England
7. Eleanor Princess of ENGLAND b: 13 Oct 1162 in , Domfront, Normandie c: in , Domfront, Normandie
8. Joanna Princess of ENGLAND b: Oct 1164/1165 in , Angers, , France
9. John "Lackland" King of ENGLAND b: 24 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Marriage 3 Rosamund "The Fair" CLIFFORD b: ABT. 1123

* Married: AFT. 1167 9 10

Children

1. William "Longespee" Prince of ENGLAND b: ABT 1173 in of, , , England

Marriage 4 Eleanor Of AQUITAINE b: 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Guinne, France

* Married: 18 May 1152 in Poitier Cathedral, France 9 10
* Married: 11 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France 11 6
* Married: 18 May 1152 6
* Married: WFT Est. 1164-1185 3 9 10
* Married: 11 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France 11 6
* Married: 18 May 1152 6
* Married: WFT Est. 1164-1185 3 9 10

Children

1. Eleanora Of ENGLAND b: 13 Oct 1162
2. John LACKLAND , John I King Of England b: 24 Dec 1167 in King's Manor House Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Sources:

1. Repository:
Title: muncyeagle.FBC.FTW
Note:
Source Media Type: Other
Page: Tree #5844
Text: Date of Import: Jan 15, 1998
2. Repository:
Title: SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW
Note:
Source Media Type: Other
Page: Tree #5844
Text: Date of Import: Mar 31, 2002
3. Repository:
Title: World Family Tree Vol. 1, Ed. 1
Author: Brøderbund Software, Inc.
Publication: Release date: November 29, 1995
Note:
Customer pedigree.

Source Media Type: Family Archive CD
Page: Tree #3466
Text: Date of Import: Jan 15, 1998
4. Repository:
Title: MOM'S FAMILIES.FTW
Author: Sue Eagle Sparkman, original database of her maternal ancestry sent to WFT in 1997 or thereabouts
Note:
Source Media Type: Manuscript
Page: Tree #2273
Text: Date of Import: Sep 9, 1998
5. Repository:
Title: SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW
Note:
Source Media Type: Other
Page: Tree #2273
Text: Date of Import: Mar 31, 2002
6. Repository:
Title: SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW
Note:
Source Media Type: Other
Text: Date of Import: Mar 31, 2002
7. Repository:
Name: Family History Library
Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA
Title: Ancestral File (R)
Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Publication: Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
8. Repository:
Title: Royal Database
Publication: http://www.camelot-group.com
Note:
Source Media Type: Electronic
9. Repository:
Title: muncyeagle.FBC.FTW
Note:
Source Media Type: Other
Page: Tree #1632
Text: Date of Import: Jan 15, 1998
10. Repository:
Title: SPARKMAN DATABASE.FTW
Note:
Source Media Type: Other
Page: Tree #1632
Text: Date of Import: Mar 31, 2002
11. Repository:
Title: MOM'S FAMILIES.FTW
Author: Sue Eagle Sparkman, original database of her maternal ancestry sent to WFT in 1997 or thereabouts
Note:
Source Media Type: Manuscript

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