Duke Johann Askanier, I, von Sachsen-Lauenburg Herzog

• Son of Albrecht I, Duke of Saxony-Wittenberg and Helene Ilona Welf, Herzogin und Kurfürstin zu Sachsen
• Johann I., Herzog von Sachsen (* 1249; † 30. Juli 1285 in Wittenberg) war ein deutscher Landesfürst aus dem Geschlecht der Askanier.
• John was the elder son of Duke Albert I of Saxony and his third wife Helen, a daughter of Otto the Child. John and his younger brother Albert II jointly ruled the Duchy of Saxony after the death of their father Albert I in 1260. In 1269, 1272, and 1282 the brothers gradually divided their land within the three territorially unconnected Saxon areas (one called Land of Hadeln around Otterndorf, another around Lauenburg upon Elbe and the third around Wittenberg), thus preparing a partition. As part of this arrangement John I became Burgrave of Magdeburg in 1269. In the imperial election in 1273, Albert II represented the jointly ruling brothers.

Project MedLands SAXONY

ALBRECHT of Saxony, son of BERNHARD von Ballenstedt Duke of Saxony, Graf von Aschersleben und Anhalt & his wife Judyta of Poland (-[27 Sep/7 Nov] 1260, bur Lehnin). The Chronicon Montis Serreni names "Heinricum comitem Ascharie et Albertum ducem" as sons of "Bernhardi ducis"[584]. He succeeded his father in 1212 as ALBRECHT I Duke of Saxony. Herzog zu Bernburg 1219. He left on Crusade 1219. Herzog zu Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen 1227. Pope Innocent IV granted Duke Albrecht the right of investiture in the bishoprics of Lübeck, Ratzeburg and Schwerin in order to attract his support to the papal party against Konrad IV King of Germany in [1252/53]. The result was that Duke Albrecht participated in the second election of Willem II Count of Holland as king of Germany in Brunswick 25 Mar 1252, although he gave no support to Willem during the latter's campaign in Flanders in 1253[585].
married firstly (Vienna 1222) AGNES of Austria, daughter of LEOPOLD VI "der Glorreiche" Duke of Austria [Babenberg] & his wife Theodora (1206-29 Aug 1226). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Agnem filiam Friderici ducis Austrie" as wife of "Albertus dux"[586]. The Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis specifies that the marriage was celebrated in Vienna[587]. The necrology of Lilienfeld records the death "IV Kal Sep" of "Agnes filia ducis Leupoldi fundatoris"[588]. The necrology of Kloster Neuburg records the death "IV Kal Sep" of "Agnes ducissa Saxonia filia Liupoldi ducis Austrie"[589]. married secondly (Acre after 1229) as her second husband, AGNES of Thuringia, widow of HEINRICH "der Grausame" of Austria, daughter of HERMANN I Landgraf of Thuringia & his second wife Sophie of Bavaria ([1204]-24 Feb before 1244, bur Heiligenkreuz). The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Agnes" as second daughter of "Hermannus" & his second wife, specifying that she married "ducis Austrie"[590]. The Annales Mellicenses in 1226 record the marriage of "Heinricus filius Liupoldi ducis" and "Agnetem filiam langravii de Duringia"[591]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Agnem, sororem Henrici lantgravii Thuringie" as second wife of "Albertus dux"[592]. The necrology of Heiligenkreuz records the death "VI Kal Mar" of "ducissa Richardis sor Ludovici Thuringiæ lantgravii mariti s Elizabethæ, ux Henrici…quinti cognomento Crudelis" and her burial "in capitulo no", specifying that her husband was last of the line and that their child was named Gertrud[593]. Although the other details are correct, the name "Richza" is a mistake for "Agnes", resulting from confusion with the wife of Heinrich Duke of Mödling, paternal uncle of Duke Heinrich "der Grausame". It is curious that this entry does not refer to Agnes's second husband, suggesting that there may have been a separation before she died. married thirdly (Papal dispensation 4o 15 May 1244, [1247/48]%29 as her second husband, HELENE von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, widow of HERMANN II Landgraf of Thuringia, daughter of OTTO I “dem Kind” Herzog von Braunschweig & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg [Askanier] (18 Mar 1223-6 Sep 1273, bur Wittenberg Franciscans). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Helenam filiam Ottonis de Brunswick" as third wife of "Albertus dux"[594]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Mechtildim…Helenam…Alheidem…Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the first "Helenam" married firstly "Hermannus dominus Hassie, filius beate Elisabeth" and secondly "Albertus dux Saxonie"[595]. She founded the Franciscan Monastery at Wittenberg.

Duke Albrecht I & his first wife AGNES of Austria had two children:

• 1. BERNHARD (-before 1256). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.
• 2. JUTTA (-before 2 Feb 1267). The Chronica Jutensis records that "Ericum", son of "Waldemarus rex", married "Juttam filiam ducis Saxonie"[596]. The Icelandic Annals record the marriage in 1239 of "Ericus Danorum rex Valdemari filius" and "Juttam filiam Henrici ducis Anhaltini"[597]. Pope Gregory IX issued a dispensation for the marriage of "Ericum filium Waldemari regis" and "Juttam filiam ducis Saxoniæ" dated 31 Jul 1239[598]. The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Iuttam [uxor] Ericus rex Dacie" as daughter of "Albertus dux" & his first wife Agnes[599]. The Annales Stadenses records the marriage "1239 die Dyonisii" of "Ericus rex Daciæ [frater Abel]" and "filiam ducis Alberti de Anehalt"[600]. The Annales Ryenses record the marriage in 1239 of "rex Ericus" and "Iudith filiam ducis Saxoniæ"[601]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. married firstly (Papal dispensation 4o Anagni 31 Aug 1239, 9 Oct 1239) ERIK IV "Plovpennig/Plough-Penny" King of Denmark, son of VALDEMAR II "Sejr/the Conqueror" King of Denmark & his second wife Infanta dona Berengaria de Portugal (1216-murdered 10 Aug 1250, bur Schleswig St Peter, transferred to Ringsted Church). married secondly BURCHARD von Querfurt-Magdeburg, son of BURCHARD Burggraf von Magdeburg & his wife (-after 12 Nov 1306).

Duke Albrecht I & his second wife AGNES of Thuringia had two children:

• 3. JUTTA (-before 23 Dec 1287, bur Stendal Franciscan Monastery). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Iuttam…Elizabeth" as daughters of "Albertus dux" and his second wife Agnes, specifying that Jutta married "Iohannis marchio Brandenburgensis"[602], in a later passage naming "Iuttam filiam Alberti ducis Saxonie" as second wife of "Iohannes" and specifying that she had previously been betrothed to "Friderico imperatori"[603], although the latter is improbable. married (Papal dispensation 7 May 1255) as his second wife, JOHANN I Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of ALBRECHT II Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Mathilde von Lensberg ([1208/13]-[3 Jun 1266/2 Feb 1267], bur Kloster Chorin).
• 4. ELISABETH (-before 1306, bur Preetz). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Iuttam…Elizabeth" as daughters of "Albertus dux" and his second wife Agnes, specifying that Elisabeth married "Iohannes comes Holtsacie"[604]. The Annales Stadenses record the betrothal "1241 IV Id Nov in Hamborch" of "Iohannes comes filius fratris Adolfi" and "filia ducis Saxoniæ"[605]. His place of burial is confirmed by the charter dated 2 Feb 1306 under which [his son] "Iohannes...comes Holtzatie et Stormarie" established a foundation in Kloster Preetz, for the souls of "patris nostri comitis Johannis ac...matris nostre Elysabeth" who were buried there[606]. married (Betrothed 10 Nov 1241, [1249/50]%29 JOHANN von Holstein, son of ADOLF [IV] Graf von Holstein und Schaumburg & his wife Hedwig zur Lippe (-20 Apr 1263, bur Kloster Preetz).

Duke Albrecht I & his third wife HELENE von Braunschweig had five children:

• 5. ELISABETH (-[16 Oct 1293/2 Feb 1306]). “Helena...ducissa Saxonie, Westfalie et Angarie, Johannes et Albertus filii eius” granted “advocatia terre Boytin” to Stift Ratzeburg, naming “filiabus et sororibus nostris Elysabeth, Helena et Mechtildi”, by charter dated 27 Apr 1261[607]. “Albertus...Saxoniæ, Angariæ, Westphaliæ dux, comes de Bren, burgraviusque Magdeburg...cum domina Elizabet quondam comitissa in Bren sorore nostra” confirmed donations made to Kloster Coswick by “filius eius Albertus piæ recordationis”, with the consent of “fratruelium nostrorum Johannis, Alberti et Erici et filiorum nostrorum Rudolphi et Alberti”, by charter dated 16 Mar 1293[608]. married ([27 Apr 1261/1264]) KONRAD Graf von Brehna, son of DIETRICH [I] Graf von Brehna [Wettin] & his wife Eudoxia of Mazovia [Piast] (-[1277/26 Mar 1278]).
• 6. HELENE (-12 Jun 1309, bur Nürnberg Barfüsserkirche). “Helena...ducissa Saxonie, Westfalie et Angarie, Johannes et Albertus filii eius” granted “advocatia terre Boytin” to Stift Ratzeburg, naming “filiabus et sororibus nostris Elysabeth, Helena et Mechtildi”, by charter dated 27 Apr 1261[609]. The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the second wife of Duke Heinrich III as "filiam ducis Saxonie" specifying that she married secondly "burgravio de Nurenberg"[610]. The Chronica principum Polonie records that "tercius Heinricus" married secondly "filiam…ducis Saxonie", who later married "Burgravio Nurenbergensi"[611]. The date of her second marriage is indicated by a charter dated 28 Mar 1280 which records her son Johann by this marriage. "Ludwicus…comes de Otingen" pledged "castrum nostrum de Dahspach" to "socero nostro Friderico Burcgravio de Nurenberch, domine Elene uxori sue" for a loan by charter dated 10 Apr 1280[612]. Her parentage and second marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 15 May 1292 under which her brother "Albertus…Saxonie Angarie et Westfalie Dux, comes de Bren Burcgraviusque Maideburgensis" confirmed that Rudolf I King of Germany had enfeoffed "Fridericum Burcgravium de Nurenberch sororium nostrum" with "villis Leukersheim Erlebach et Brucke"[613]. "Fridericus Burgravius de Nureberch" donated "curiam in Slavigersrauth", previously held by "Elizabeth quondam uxoris nostre", to Kloster Langeim, with the consent of "uxoris nostre Elene ac heredum nostrorum", by charter dated 7 Mar 1296[614]. Albrecht King of Germany granted “molendinum retro Macellum in Nurenberg” to “nobilis matrone Helene burcgravie in Nurenberg quondam Friderici burcgravii in Nurrenberg relicte” by charter dated 3 Dec 1307[615]. m firstly (before 3 Dec 1266) as his second wife, HEINRICH III Duke of Breslau, son of HEINRICH II Duke of Lower Silesia, Krakow and Greater Poland [Piast] & his wife Anna of Bohemia ([1222/30]-3 Dec 1266). m secondly (before [1278]%29 as his second wife, FRIEDRICH III Burggraf von Nürnberg, son of KONRAD I Burggraf von Nürnberg & his [first] wife Clementia --- (-1297, after 12 May).
• 7. MECHTILD “Helena...ducissa Saxonie, Westfalie et Angarie, Johannes et Albertus filii eius” granted “advocatia terre Boytin” to Stift Ratzeburg, naming “filiabus et sororibus nostris Elysabeth, Helena et Mechtildi”, by charter dated 27 Apr 1261[616]. The marriage contract between “Elena...Westfalie et Saxonie ducissa...et filii nostri Johannes et Albertus Saxonie duces...filia nostra” and “Guncellino et Helmoldo comitibus Zwerinensibus...comiti Helmoldo iuniori de Zwerin” is dated 23 Nov 1264[617]. The contract must have been terminated, or the bride died, before 9 Jun 1266 when Helmold [III] was betrothed to the daughter of Adolf Graf von Dannenberg. On the other hand, the charter dated 21 Dec 1298 under which [Helmold [III]’s sons] “Guntzelinus et Hinricus...comites de Zwerin” sold the mills in the town of Schwerin to Kloster Reinfeld was witnessed by [Mechtild%E2%80%99s brothers] “cognati nostri duces Saxonie Johannes et Albertus...”[618]. It is therefore possible that Helmold’s betrothal to Mechtild was terminated, that he was betrothed to the daughter of Adolf von Dannenberg which betrothal was in turn terminated, and that Helmold later returned to Mechtild. The difficulty of identifying Helmold’s first wife is not solved by the following charter which omits her name: a charter dated 18 Oct [1273] records that Kloster Höckelheim accorded fraternity to “comiti Helmoldo in Tzwerin et uxori sue domine--- necnon filio suo comiti Gunzelino”[619]. Betrothed (contract Lauenburg 23 Nov 1264) [married as his first wife,] HELMOLD [III] Graf von Schwerin, son of GÜNZEL [III] Graf von Schwerin & his wife Margarete von Mecklenburg (-after 25 Aug 1295).
• 8. JOHANN von Sachsen (-30 Jul 1286, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Albertum et Iohannem" as the two sons of "Albertus dux" & his third wife[620]. He succeeded in 1263 as JOHANN I Herzog von Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen. Titular Burggraf von Magdeburg 1269.
• 9. ALBRECHT (-killed in battle near Acre, Palestine 25 Aug 1298, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery, transferred 1883 to Wittenberg Schloßkirche). The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Albertum et Iohannem" as the two sons of "Albertus dux" & his third wife[621]. He succeeded in 1266 as ALBRECHT II "Degener" Herzog von Sachsen. Titular Burggraf von Magdeburg 1269. Graf von Brehna 1290. Herr zu Wittenberg und Brehna 1295-1296.

Johann I Saxony-Lauenburg, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, by Wikipedia

The son of Duke Albrecht I of Saxony to his third wife Helena, a daughter of Duke Otto's child of Braunschweig, was born in 1249 , as is clear from a document from Archbishop Konrad II of Magdeburg . So he was only twelve years old when his father died († 1261). Although this is nowhere expressly reported, his mother seems to have been the guardian of him and his brother Albrecht II until the young dukes came of age. In 1263 Helena still documents with the consent of her sons, in 1268 the latter issue a certificate independently. The brothers Vogt von Lübeck became together and Johann therefore supported the efforts of the city.

At first they seem to have run the government together until they later decided to divide the paternal inheritance. When this took place is not certain: In 1272 they still carry the common seal on which they both appear next to each other. In the subsequent division of the estate, Johann received those areas of the old duchy of Saxony , which had been shattered by Henry the Lion's fall , which the Ascanian house had maintained in the storms of the time on the lower Elbe . Was the most important place of the area that lies along the Elbe, once owned by the grandfather of John, Duke Bernhard of Saxony , built festivals Lauenburg, so that after the division of the Duchy of Saxony among his sons (1296) the newly created Duchy was named after their name ( Sachsen-Lauenburg ). So Johann became the founder of the Lauenburg line of the Ascanian dukes of Saxony. Also Aken on the middle Elbe, where in 1270 he was a collegiate founded seems to have fallen out of his father's inheritance. The two brothers also had other things in common. In connection with his brother in 1269 from the archbishopric of Magdeburg the burgrave office there and since then has added his title to that of a burgrave of Magdeburg.

In return, the dukes gave Archbishop Belzig , Ranis and Wittenberg fiefdoms. In 1276 they also left the cities of Staßfurt and Aken , Gloworp Castle near the latter and the bailiffs over Richow and over to Archbishop Konrad II, with whom they had concluded an alliance against the Margraves of Brandenburg in 1272, in return for assuming their debts Divine grace monasteries near Calbe and Neuwerk in front of Halle . In the election of Rudolf von HabsburgIn all probability Johann was present at the German King: at least we find him four weeks later with Rudolf when he received the crown of Charlemagne in Aachen . So either on that occasion he exercised his right to vote in community with his brother or as a representative of the oldest branch of the Dukes of Saxony - later, as is well known, the right to cure between the two lines of Saxony-Lauenburg and Saxony-Wittenberg was the subject of bitter quarrel for a long time been.

As early as 1282 he ceded his lordly rights to his three sons, who initially shared the title “Duke of Saxony” with their uncle Albrecht . Nevertheless, he remained active with the special possession of the northern Albingian lands acquired in 1282. In 1283 he was elected judge and captain for ten years by the princes, knights and estates in Rostock . His task was to ensure the protection of the peace and to represent the established federation. In this function he tried to cut off English contact with Norway .

Johann retired to Wittenberg and entered the Franciscan monastery there, of which he became the guardian . He died on July 30, 1285.

Links

• https://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/germany/sachsen-lau...
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I,_Duke_of_Saxony
• https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Saxe-Lauenburg
• http://genealogy.euweb.cz/ascania/ascan2.html
• https://toncxjo.tripod.com/zahringen.html
• https://wikivisually.com/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saxony

Sources

• Otto von Heinemann: Johann I. von Sachsen-Lauenburg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 322.
• Wilhelm Koppe: Johann I. von Sachsen-Lauenburg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 532 ( digitized version ).
• Georg Hirschfeld: History of the Saxon-Askanischen electors . Julius Sittenfeld, Berlin 1884
• Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 375. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5
• Kingship and State Formation in Sweden 1130-1290, By Philip Line - https://books.google.com/books?id=wOCvCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA593&lpg=PA593&d...
• Künker Auktion 130 - The De Wit Collection of Medieval Coins, 1000 Years of, By Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG - https://books.google.com/books?id=O5xn6T-TZIcC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=...

Johann I., Herzog von Sachsen (* 1249; † 30. Juli 1285 in Wittenberg) war ein deutscher Landesfürst aus dem Geschlecht der Askanier.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_I._(Sachsen-Lauenburg)

Wiklopedia:

Hertig Johan I av Sachsen-Lauenburg, född 1249 (vilket framgår av en urkund utfärdad av ärkebiskop Konrad II av Magdeburg), död 30 juli 1286, hertig av Sachsen-Lauenburg 1260/1261-1286. Son till hertig Albrekt I av Sachsen (död 1261) och Helene av Braunschweig-Lüneburg (död 1273).

Biografi [redigera]

Johan efterträdde sin döde far, stod ännu 1263 under modern Helenes förmyndarskap, och valde efter arvskifte (någon gång efter 1272) delen Lauenburg-Ratzenburg-Mölln samt Hadeln. Hadeln var landet på västra sidan av floden Elbes mynning, och till detta hörde bl. a. orterna Cuxhafen, Otterndorf, Altenbruch och Wanna Bederkesa. Därtill utövade Johan ämbetsmyndighet i Neuhaus och det s. k. Sandelbande, där han grundade Bergedorf. Detta arvskifte kom att utgöra orsaken till århundraden av motsättningar mellan de två sachsiska linjerna i fråga om rättigheter till besittningar, fögderier, län och kurvärdighet. Det huvudsakliga stridsäpplet var kurvärdigheten vilket slutligen kom att tillfalla den yngre linjen, Sachsen-Wittenberg.

Under Johans regering inleddes också kampen mot de alltmer uppåtsträvande hansestäderna Hamburg och Lübeck, vilkas enorma finansmedel Sachsen-Lauenburg inte längre kunde mäta sig med. Till detta kom motsättningar med Mecklenburg, Pommern och Holstein, gällande gamla sachsiska länsrättigheter.

I kungavalet 1273 röstade Johan på Rudolf I av Habsburg och närvarade vid dennes kröning i Aachen. Nu startade också strider mot Brandenburg om länsrättigheter i Pommern-Mecklenburg. 1283 bildade Johan jämte Mecklenburg, Pommern, Werle och Lübeck ett stort förbund riktat mot Brandenburg, men redan följande år nödgades Johan sluta fred och avstå sina anspråk.

Hertig Johan förde från 1269 även titeln borggreve av Magdeburg. Han efterlämnade vid sin död 1286 stora skulder vilket kom att bli ytterligare en tung belastning för huset Sachsen-Lauenburg.

Äktenskap och barn [redigera]

Johan gifte sig omkring 1270 med Ingeborg Birgersdotter (Bjälboätten). Paret fick följande barn:

  1. Helene av Sachsen-Lauenburg (omkring 1272-1337), gift 1. med greve Günther IX av Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (död 1289), gift 2. med greve Adolf VI av Holstein (död 1315)

2. Elisabeth av Sachsen-Lauenburg (omkring 1274-1306), gift med hertig Valdemar av Schleswig (död 1312)
3. Johan II av Sachsen-Lauenburg (omkring 1280-1322), hertig av Sachsen-Lauenburg
4. Albrekt I av Sachsen-Lauenburg (omkring 1281-1308), hertig av Sachsen-Lauenburg
5. Erik I av Sachsen-Lauenburg (1280/1282-1361), hertig av Sachsen-Lauenburg
6. Sophie av Sachsen-Lauenburg (död 1319), priorinna i Plötzkau
Litteratur [redigera]

   * Allgemeinen Deutschen Biographie, Band 14 S. 322

* Thiele, Andreas: Erzählende genealogische Stammtafeln zur europäischen Geschichte Band I, Teilband 1, R. G. Fischer Verlag Frankfurt/Main 1993 Tafel 161

Married in 1270. He then becomes a Queen Consort to his monarch wife. When she dies, he takes the vows of celibacy and doesn't claim any crown.

After 1282, enters the Franciscan monastery at Wittemburg and dies there.