Earl of Northumbria Gospatric Fitz Maldred

• Gospatric or Cospatric (from the Cumbric "Servant of Saint Patrick"), was Earl of Northumbria, or of Bernicia, and later lord of sizable estates around Dunbar. While his ancestry is uncertain, his descendants held the Earldom of Dunbar, later known as the Earldom of March, in south-east Scotland until 1435.
• He made a pilgrimage to Rome in 1061. A story from this pilgrimage is that he saved his traveling companion, Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria, from being kidnapped. Being well-dressed, he was mistaken for Tostig and played along until his companion had time to escape.
• He paid William I, King of England a large fee so he could succeed as Earl of Northumberland in December 1067, although he did have a hereditary claim through his mother's family. In 1072 old charges (having taken part in a massacre at Durham) were brought against him and he was deprived of the earldom of Northumberland, fleeing to Scotland. Simeon of Durham records that he fled to Scotland and was granted "Dunbar with the lands adjacent in Lothian” and in the Mercia by King Malcolm Canmore. This ‘’earldom without a name’’ in the Scots-controlled northern part of Bernicia would later become the Earldom of Dunbar
• Gospatric did not long survive in exile according to Roger of Hoveden's chronicle: Not long after this, being reduced to extreme infirmity, he sent for Aldwin and Turgot, the monks, who at this time were living at Meilros, in poverty and contrite in spirit for the sake of Christ, and ended his life with a full confession of his sins, and great lamentations and penitence, at Ubbanford, which is also called Northam.. Gospatric died circa 1075 and was buried in the porch of the church at Northam.

Project MedLands, Scottish Nobility

GOSPATRICK, son of MALDRED Lord of Allerdale & his wife Ealdgyth of Northumbria ([1040/48]-[1075]). Simeon of Durham names "Cospatric son of Maldred son of Crinan" when recording that he was appointed Earl of Northumberland[1381]. His parentage is given by Roger of Hoveden[1382]. He paid William I King of England a heavy fine so he could succeed as Earl of Northumberland in Dec 1067, although he did have a hereditary claim through his mother's family. He rebelled against King William and joined the invading Norwegians who sailed up the river Humber in Sep 1069 and captured York by storm[1383]: Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus Ricardi filius Eboracensis præsidii custos” was killed, that “Marius Suenus, Gaius Patricius, Edgarus Adelinus, Archillus et quatuor filii Karoli” attacked “munitionem regis in Eboraco”, and that “Willelmus cognomento Maletus, præses castrensis regi” announced to the king that he would be forced to withdraw unless reinforcements were sent, dated to 1069[1384]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Suenus rex Danorum” sent a fleet led by “duos...filios suos et Osbernum fratrem suum” to attack England, that they were repulsed at Dover, Sandwich and Ipswich, and at Norwich by “Radulfus de Guader”, that they were joined by “Adelinus, Guallevus, Siguardus” but defeated on the Humber, entered York headed by “Guallevus...Gaius Patricius, Marius Suenus, Elnocinus, Archillus et quatuor filii Karoli” but were eventually expelled, dated to 1069, a later passage adding that “Guallevus præsens et Gaius Patricius absens” made peace with King William at the river Tees[1385]. In [Oct/Nov] 1072 old charges were brought against him and he was deprived of the earldom of Northumberland, fleeing to Scotland. Simeon of Durham records that he fled to Malcolm King of Scotland who granted him "Dunbar with the lands adjacent in Lothian"[1386]. married sister of EDMUND, daughter of ---. Her family connection is confirmed by the charter dated Feb 1136 under which King Stephen confirmed the donation by "Gospatricio fr[atr]I Dolfini" of "terram Edmundi avunculi sui" and "terram Liolfi filii Uctredi"[1387].

Earl Gospatrick & his wife had one child:

• 1. GOSPATRICK (-[killed in battle Cowton Moor, near Northallerton 22 Aug 1138]). Simeon of Durham names "Dolfin, Walther and Cospatric" as the sons of Gospatrick[1388]. A memorandum dated to [1275] records that "Earl Cospatryk formerly earl of Dunbar in Scotland had a brother Dolfin earl of Northumbarland…both…bastards", that they had "a legitimate brother Waldeve and a legitimate sister Etheldreda…of one father and one mother"[1389]. It seems more likely that Gospatrick was his father’s oldest legitimate son as his father’s title was transmitted to his descendants.

Earl Gospatrick & [his wife] had three children:

• 2. ETHELREDA (bur Dunfermline Abbey, Fife). A memorandum dated to [1275] records that "Earl Cospatryk formerly earl of Dunbar in Scotland had a brother Dolfin earl of Northumbarland…both…bastards", that they had "a legitimate brother Waldeve and a legitimate sister Etheldreda…of one father and one mother"[1390]. No other information has been found to identify Ethelreda’s mother more precisely. Her marriage to the heir to the Scottish throne does suggest that she must have been legitimate. However, that suggestion appears inconsistent with her sharing the same mother as Gospatrick’s son Waltheof, in relation to whom there do seem to be indications of his illegitimacy whatever is stated in the [1275] memorandum. The Cronicon Cumbriæ records that “Waldevus filius comitis Cospatricii” enfeoffed “Waldeve filio Gileminii” with property and “Ethreda sorore sua”[1391]. The Cronicon Cumbriæ records that “Ethreda sorore Waldevi patris sui” married “Doncani comes de Murrayse” and that their son “Willielmus” succeeded his cousin “Alanus filius Waldevi”[1392]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. It is assumed that Duncan was Ethelreda’s first husband and Waltheof her second husband. married firstly ([1090]%29 DUNCAN of Scotland, son of MALCOLM III "Caennmor/Bighead" King of Scotland & his first wife --- ([1060]-murdered Monthechim/Mondynes, Kincardineshire 12 Nov 1094, bur Dunfermline Abbey, Fife). He succeeded in 1094 as DUNCAN II King of Scotland. married secondly WALTHEOF, son of GILLEMIN & his wife ---.
• 3. GUNHILDA . The Cronicon Cumbriæ records that “Waldevus filius comitis Cospatricii” enfeoffed “Ormo Ketelli” with property and “Gurwelda sorore sua”[1393]. No information has been found on the identity of Gunhilda’s mother, nor whether she was legitimate or not. married as his first wife, ORM, son of KETIL & his wife.
• 4. MATILDA . The Cronicon Cumbriæ records that “Waldevus filius comitis Cospatricii” enfeoffed “Dolfino filio Alwardi” with property and “Matilda sorore sua”[1394]. No information has been found on the identity of Matilda’s mother, nor whether she was legitimate or not. married DOLFIN, son of AILWARD & his wife ---. "Alanus filius Waldevi" confirmed the donation of "unam plenariam toftam apud Scadebuas" made to St Bees by "pater meus" by undated charter witnessed by "…Gospatricio filio Horm, Uctredo filio Uctredi, Ailwardi filio Dolf[ini], Gospatricio fratre suo…"[1395]. "Alanus filius Waldeui" donated land "in Goseford" to St Bees, for the souls of "mea…et uxoris mee Emme", by undated charter, witnessed by "Waltero priore Carl[eoensi], Gosp[atricio] fratre suo. Gospatricio filio Horm, Radulfo de Lund, Uctredo filio Uct[redi], Chetello filio Ulfchil…"[1396]. "Gospatricio filio Horm, Elwardo filio Dolfini, Gospatricio et Walthevo et Horm fratribus suis…" witnessed the undated charter under which "Alanus Walthevi filius" donated salmon at Cockermouth to St Bees[1397].

Earl Gospatrick had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

• 5. DOLFIN (-after 1092). Simeon of Durham names "Dolfin, Walther and Cospatric" as the sons of Gospatrick[1398]. He is named first of the three sons of Gospatrick given by Roger of Hoveden[1399]. He was expelled from Carlisle in 1092[1400]. His illegitimacy is confirmed by a memorandum dated to [1275] records that "Earl Cospatryk formerly earl of Dunbar in Scotland had a brother Dolfin earl of Northumbarland…both…bastards", that they had "a legitimate brother Waldeve and a legitimate sister Etheldreda…of one father and one mother"[1401]. married? . The name of Dolfin’s wife is not known.

Dolfin & his wife had one child:

• a) UHTRED FitzDolfin de Cungeston [Conistone] . He held land at Conistone in the honour of Skipton and in Burnsall in the Bulmer fief[1402]. m ---. The name of Uhtred’s wife is not known.
  

Uhtred & his wife had two children:

• i) SIMON . He was ancestor of the Hebden family[1403].
  
• ii) KETEL .
  

• 6. WALTHEOF . Simeon of Durham names "Dolfin, Walther and Cospatric" as the sons of Gospatrick[1404]. He is named second of the three sons of Gospatrick given by Roger of Hoveden[1405]. A memorandum dated to [1275] records that "Earl Cospatryk formerly earl of Dunbar in Scotland had a brother Dolfin earl of Northumbarland…both…bastards", that they had "a legitimate brother Waldeve and a legitimate sister Etheldreda…of one father and one mother"[1406]. It seems unlikely that Waltheof was his father’s legitimate son as his father’s earldom was transmitted to his son Gospatrick. The Cronicon Cumbriæ records that “Ranulphus de Meschines” enfeoffed “Waldevum filium Cospatricii de Dunbar comitem in Scotia” with “tota baronia de Allerdale” and that “Willielmus de Meschines dominus de Coupland” enfeoffed “Waldevum filium Cospatricii” with “tota terra inter Cocar et Derwent”[1407]. "…Cospatric frater Dalfin, Waldef frater suus…" witnessed inquisitions by "David…Cumbrensis regionis princeps", dated 1124, concerning land owned by the church of Glasgow[1408]. Lord of Allerdale. Abbot of Crowland [1126] to Dec 1138, when he was deposed at the legatine council of Westminster[1409]. An undated agreement between Geoffrey abbot of St Albans and "Gospatric the earl" recites that the abbot granted Gospatric and "his son Adam (…formerly called Waldief)" the "land of Archil Morel…Beuuicke"[1410]. “Waldevus filius Cospatrici comitis” donated property to Gysburn Priory, with the consent of “uxore mea Sigrida et filiis meis Cospatrico et Alano”, by undated charter which names “El. filio Erlafi presbyteri cognate meo”[1411]. A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of “villam de Stainburn” by “Walthef filius Gospatrici” and "villam de Saltergh et…de Whyrkingtona" by "Gospatricius filius eorundem"[1412]. married as her first husband, SIGRID, daughter of ---. “Waldevus filius Cospatrici comitis” donated property to Gysburn Priory, with the consent of “uxore mea Sigrida et filiis meis Cospatrico et Alano”, by undated charter[1413]. Sigrid married secondly Roger FitzGilbert. Her second marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which [her son] "Alanus filius Walthef et Sigrid mater et Rogerus vir eius" donated land "in Aspatrick" to St Bees by undated charter[1414]. "Rogerus filius Gilberti" donated "terram de Walton" to St Bees, with the consent of "uxoris mee Sigeride", by undated charter, witnessed by "Roberto fratre meo…Roberto filio meo…"[1415].

Waltheof & his wife had three children:

• a) ALAN . A memorandum dated to [1275] records that "Earl Cospatryk formerly earl of Dunbar" was succeeded by "his son and heir Alan…under age and in the ward of K. David of Scotland…and on obtaining majority obtained all his father’s lands in Allerdale"[1416]. “Waldevus filius Cospatrici comitis” donated property to Gysburn Priory, with the consent of “uxore mea Sigrida et filiis meis Cospatrico et Alano”, by undated charter[1417]. "…Alano filio Waldeof et Gospatrico fratre suo…" witnessed a charter dated 1139 under which "David Rex Scotie" confirmed the grant of Coldingham by "Gospatricus comes frater Dolfini" to St Cuthbert[1418]. “Alanus filius Walleovi, filii Cospatrici comitis” donated property to Gysburn Priory by undated charter, witnessed by “matre mea Sigarith…”, which names “Athelwardo clerico, filio Erlavi sacerdotis”[1419]. "Alanus filius Walthef et Sigrid mater et Rogerus vir eius" donated land "in Aspatrick" to St Bees by undated charter[1420]. "Alanus filius Waldevi" confirmed the donation of "unam plenariam toftam apud Scadebuas" made to St Bees by "pater meus" by undated charter witnessed by "…Gospatricio filio Horm, Uctredo filio Uctredi, Ailwardi filio Dolf[ini], Gospatricio fratre suo…"[1421]. A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of land “in Goseford…” by “Alanus filius Waldevi"[1422]. "Alanus filius Waldeui" donated land "in Goseford" to St Bees, for the souls of "mea…et uxoris mee Emme", by undated charter, witnessed by "Waltero priore Carl[eoensi], Gosp[atricio] fratre suo. Gospatricio filio Horm, Radulfo de Lund, Uctredo filio Uct[redi], Chetello filio Ulfchil…"[1423]. married EMMA, daughter of ---. "Alanus filius Waldeui" donated land "in Goseford" to St Bees, for the souls of "mea…et uxoris mee Emme", by undated charter[1424].
  

Alan & his wife had one child:

• i) son . A memorandum dated to [1275] records that "Alan" donated certain property "with the corpse present of his son"[1425].
  

• b) ETHELREDA . The Cronicon Cumbriæ records that “Alanus filius et hæres eiusdem Waldevi” enfeoffed “Ranulpho” with property and “Etheldreda sorore sua”[1426]. "Willelmus de Essevilla" confirmed the donation of "capellam de Lousewater" made to St Bees by "Radulphus de Lyndesay et Hethreda sponsa mea" by undated charter[1427]. "Willelmus de Esseby" donated land "in Loretona" to St Bees, with the consent of "Hectrudis uxoris mee et Symonis heredis mei", by undated charter[1428]. m firstly RANULF de Lindsay, son of --- (-before 1158). m secondly (before 1158) WILLIAM de Eseby, son of ---.
  
• c) GUNHILD . The Cronicon Cumbriæ records that “Alanus filius et hæres eiusdem Waldevi” enfeoffed “Ugthredo filio Fergus domino Galwediæ” with property and “Guynolda sorore sua”[1429]. "Uctredus filius Fergi et Gunnild filia Waldef sponsa sua" donated "ecclesiam de Torpennoth" to Holyrood abbey by undated charter[1430]. m UHTRED, son of FERGUS Lord of Galloway & his wife --- (-1174). He succeeded his father in [1136] as Lord of Galloway.
  

Waltheof had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

• d) GOSPATRICK . The Cronicon Cumbriæ records that “Alanus filius et hæres eiusdem Waldevi” had “unum fratrem bastardum…Cospatricium” to whom he granted property[1431]. A memorandum dated to [1275] records that "Alan", son of "Earl Cospatryk formerly earl of Dunbar", had "a bastard brother on his father’s side…Cospatryk to whom he gave the township of Bolton within the forest, and Bastenthwyt outside the forest, and Hestholm in Derwentwatre"[1432]. "Alexander nepos regis Alexandri, Beth comes, Gospatricius Dolfini, Mallus comes, Madach comes, Rothri comes, Gartnach comes, Dufagan comes, Willelmus frater regine, Edwardus constabularius, Gospatricius filius Walthef, Ufieth Alfricus pincerna" witnessed the charter dated to [1114/15] under which "Alexander…rex Scottorum filius regis Malcolmi et regine Margerete et…Sibilla regina Scottorum filia Henrici regis Anglie" reformed Scone Abbey[1433]. A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of “villam de Stainburn” by “Walthef filius Gospatrici” and "villam de Saltergh et…de Whyrkingtona" by "Gospatricius filius eorundem"[1434]. "…Gospatricius filius Waltheof…" witnessed the possibly spurious charter dated to [1120] of "Alexander…Rex Scottorum…Sibilla regina Scottorum…"[1435]. "…Gospatricio filio Waltheui" witnessed the charter dated 1124 under which "Alexander…Rex Scottorum" granted jurisdiction to the prior of Scone[1436]. "…Alano filio Waldeof et Gospatrico fratre suo…" witnessed a charter dated 1139 under which "David Rex Scotie" confirmed the grant of Coldingham by "Gospatricus comes frater Dolfini" to St Cuthbert[1437]. “Waldevus filius Cospatrici comitis” donated property to Gysburn Priory, with the consent of “uxore mea Sigrida et filiis meis Cospatrico et Alano”, by undated charter[1438]. 1156. m ---. The name of Gospatrick’s wife is not known.
  

Gospatrick & his wife had [one child]:

• i) WALTHEOF (-before 1200). Balfour Paul says that Gospatrick was "probabl[y]…the father of" this Waltheof, on the basis of common holding of lands at Dundas[1439]. This appears to be corroborated by an agreement dated 1 Dec 1208 between "Duncan de Lascelles and Christina his wife" and “Hugh abbot of Jedburgh” relating to the donation of “the advowson of the church of Bastenethwait” made by “Waldef son of Gosepatric father of Cristiana”[1440].] m ---. The name of Waltheof’s wife is not known.
  

Waltheof & his wife had two children:

• (a) CHRISTIANA . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by an agreement dated 1 Dec 1208 between "Duncan de Lascelles and Christina his wife" and “Hugh abbot of Jedburgh” relating to the donation of “the advowson of the church of Bastenethwait” made by “Waldef son of Gosepatric father of Cristiana”[1441]. m as his second wife, DUNCAN Lascelles, son of --- (-after 1 Dec 1208).
  
• (b) GALIENA . married PHILIP Moubray, son of ---.
  

Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria, by Wikipedia

Gospatric or Cospatric (from the Cumbric "Servant of [Saint] Patrick"),[citation needed] (died after 1073), was Earl of Northumbria, or of Bernicia, and later lord of sizable estates around Dunbar. His male-line descendants held the Earldom of Dunbar, later known as the Earldom of March, in south-east Scotland until 1435, and the Lordship and Earldom of Home from 1473 until the present day.

Background

Symeon of Durham describes Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria, as maternal grandson, through his mother Ealdgyth, of Northumbrian ealdorman Uchtred the Bold and his third wife, Ælfgifu, daughter of King Æthelred II.[1][2] This follows the ancestry given in the earlier De obsessione Dunelmi, in which Gospatric's father is named as Maldred, son of Crinan, tein (thegn Crínán), perhaps the Crínán of Dunkeld who was father of Scottish king Duncan I.[3] Even were thegn Crínán the same as Crínán of Dunkeld, it is not certain Maldred was born to Duncan's mother, Bethóc, daughter of the Scots king Malcolm II.

The Life of Edward the Confessor, commissioned by Queen Edith, contains an account of the pilgrimage to Rome of Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria. It tells how a band of robbers attacked Tostig's party in Italy, seeking to kidnap the Earl. A certain Gospatric "was believed because of the luxury of his clothes and his physical appearance, which was indeed distinguished" to be Earl Tostig, and succeeded in deceiving the would-be kidnappers as to his identity until the real Earl was safely away from the scene. Whether this was the same Gospatric, or a kinsman of the same name, is unclear, but it is suggested that his presence in Tostig's party was as a hostage as much as a guest.[4]

Gwas Patrik and other spelling variants of this meaning servant of Patrick are recorded as names in Wales in the middle ages [5]

Harrying of the North

After his victory over Harold Godwinson at Hastings, William of Normandy appointed a certain Copsi or Copsig, a supporter of the late Earl Tostig, who had been exiled with his master in 1065, as Earl of Bernicia in the spring of 1067. Copsi was dead within five weeks, killed by Oswulf, grandson of Uchtred, who installed himself as Earl. Oswulf was killed in the autumn by bandits after less than six months as Earl.[6] At this point, Gospatric, who had a plausible claim to the Earldom given the likelihood that he was related to Oswulf and Uchtred, offered King William a large amount of money to be given the Earldom of Bernicia. The King, who was in the process of raising heavy taxes, accepted.[7]

In early 1068, a series of uprisings in England, along with foreign invasion, faced King William with a dire threat. Gospatric is found among the leaders of the uprising, along with Edgar Ætheling and Edwin, Earl of Mercia and his brother Morcar. This uprising soon collapsed, and William proceeded to dispossess many of the northern landowners and grant the lands to Norman incomers. For Gospatric, this meant the loss of his earldom to Robert Comine and exile in Scotland. King William's authority, apart from minor local troubles such as Hereward the Wake and Eadric the Wild, appeared to extend securely across England.[8]

Gospatric joined the invading army of Danes, Scots, and Englishmen under Edgar the Aetheling in the next year. Though the army was defeated, he afterwards was able, from his possession of Bamburgh castle, to make terms with the conqueror, who left him undisturbed until 1072.[9] The widespread destruction in Northumbria known as the Harrying of the North relates to this period.

Exile

According to Anglo-Norman chroniclers, in 1072 William the Conqueror stripped Gospatric of his Earldom of Northumbria,[10] and replaced him with Siward's son Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton.

Gospatric fled into exile in Scotland and not long afterwards went to Flanders. When he returned to Scotland he was granted the castle at "Dunbar and lands adjacent to it" and in the Merse by King Malcolm III, his cousin.[11] This earldom without a name in the Scots-controlled northern part of Bernicia would later become the Earldom of Dunbar.

Gospatric did not long survive in exile according to Roger of Hoveden's chronicle:

[N]ot long after this, being reduced to extreme infirmity, he sent for Aldwin and Turgot, the monks, who at this time were living at Meilros, in poverty and contrite in spirit for the sake of Christ, and ended his life with a full confession of his sins, and great lamentations and penitence, at Ubbanford, which is also called Northam, and was buried in the porch of the church there.

Neil McGuigan has argued that Waltheof's Norman earldom did not extend beyond the River Tyne, and that Gospatric may have continued to rule the territory to the north from Bamburgh until the late 1070s.[12]

Issue

Gospatric was the father of three sons, and several daughters. The sons Dolfin, Waltheof and Gospatric are named in De obsessione Dunelmi and by Symeon of Durham,[10] while a document from about 1275 apparently prepared to instruct advocates in a land dispute reports that of these three sons, only Waltheof was born to a legitimate marriage and that he was full sibling of Gospatric's daughter Ethelreda.[13] A second document with some "nearly identical" content prepared about the same time names three sisters of Waltheof of Allerdale, Gunnilda, Matilla and Ethreda, their husbands, as well as Ethreda's son William Fitz Duncan.[14] Gospatric's children were:

• Dolfin, oldest son, received from Malcolm the government of Carlisle.
• Gospatric who was killed at the battle of the Standard in 1138.
• Walthe of, Lord of Allerdale and Abbot of Crowland
• Ethelreda (Ethreda), married Duncan II of Scotland, the son of Malcolm III of Scotland; mother of William fitz Duncan; also married to Waltheof, son of Gillemin.[14][15]
• Matilda/Matilla married Dolfin, son of Aylward[14][16]
• Gunhilda (Gunnild), married Orm of Workington, son of Ketil[14][16]

Links to additional material:

• http://www.thepeerage.com/p10664.htm
• http://www.clandunbar.com/history.ht
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospatric,_Earl_of_Northumbria
• http://www.clandunbar.com/history.htm
• http://thepeerage.com/p10664.htm
• http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/normans_19.html
• http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cousin/html/p349.htm#i7941
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norham
• https://famouskin.com/family-group.php?name=42044+paget+brewster&ah...

Sources

• Anderson, A.O. (1990) Early sources of Scottish history, A.D. 500 to 1286, Vol. 2 Paul Watkins Medieval Studies
• Anderson, A.O. (1991) Scottish annals from Early chroniclers A.D. 500 to 1286 Paul Watkins Medieval Studies, pg 81
• Thus Fletcher, p. 76, table 3; Anderson, Alan O., MA Edin., Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers AD500 to 1286, London, 1908, also pp 80–81, translating De obsessione Dunelmi; the same relationship was also reported in Symeon of Durham's Historia Regum (Anderson, Scottish Annals, p.96).
• Fletcher, pp. 152–154.
• Morgan, T.J. and Prys Morgan (1985) Welsh Surnames, Cardiff University of Wales Press, p.107.
• Fletcher, pp. 169–171; Higham, p. 242; Stenton, pp. 601–602.
• Fletcher, p. 171,
• Fletcher, pp 171–173; Higham, pp. 241–242; Stenton, p. 601.
• One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gospatric". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 265.
• Gospatric" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
• Barrow, G.W.S., The Kingdom of the Scots. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2003. ISBN 0-7486-1803-1
• Fletcher, Richard, Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England. London: Penguin, 2003. ISBN 0-14-028692-6
• Forte, Angelo, Oram, Richard, & Pedersen, Frederik, Viking Empires. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-521-82992-5
• Freeman, E. A. (1876). "The Earldom of Gospatric". The History of the Norman Conquest of England. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 745–747.
• Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350-1100. Stroud: Sutton, 1993. ISBN 0-86299-730-5
• Stenton, Frank M., Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973. ISBN 0-19-280139-2
• [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 178. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.
• [S37] Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 1, page 1206. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 107th edition.
• [S125] Richard Glanville-Brown, online <e-mail address>, Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), downloaded 17 August 2005.
• [S37] Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 107th edition, volume 1, page 1207.
• [S8] Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, page 13. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition.
• [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families, page 179.
• 3. Thus Fletcher, p. 76, table 3; Anderson, Alan O., MA Edin., Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers AD500 to 1286, London, 1908, p.96, citing Symeon of Durham, refers to "Gospatric, son of Maldred, Crinan's son", also pp 80–81, again citing Symeon, refer to the marriage of Aldgitha daughter of earl Uhtred to "Maldred, son of Crinan the thane". That "Crinan the thane", father of Maldred, and Crínán, father of King Donnchad, are one and the same person is by no means clear.
• 9. Fletcher, pp 171–173; Higham, pp. 241–242; Stenton, p. 601.
• 10. Anderson, Alan O., MA Edin., Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers AD500 to 1286, London, 1908, p.96, citing Symeon of Durham's Historia Regum, vol.ii, p.199
• Barrow, G.W.S., The Kingdom of the Scots. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2003. ISBN 0-7486-1803-1
• Fletcher, Richard, Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England. London: Penguin, 2003. ISBN 0-14-028692-6
• Stenton, Frank M., Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973. ISBN 0-19-280139-2
• Forte, Angelo, Oram, Richard, & Pedersen, Frederik, Viking Empires. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-521-82992-5
• Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350-1100. Stroud: Sutton, 1993. ISBN 0-86299-730-5
• Heath, George, Records of the Heath Family, 1913.
• Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 178
• Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, page 13.
• The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom, Edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, Lord Lyon, King of Arms, Volume III, Edinburgh, 1906, p. 239-279