Hormizd I "the Brave", king of Persia

Hormizd-Ardashir, better known by his dynastic name of Hormizd I (Persian: هرمز یکم‎‎), was the third shahanshah (king of kings) of the Sasanian Empire from May 270 to June 271. He was the youngest son of Shapur I (240–270/72), under whom he was governor of Armenia, and appears in his wars against Rome (Historia Augusta, Trig. Tyr. 2, where Nöldeke has corrected the name Odomastes into Oromastes, i.e. Hormizd).

[Shapur I defeated the Romans and made peace with the emperor Philip. In 252 Shapur I invaded Armenia and forced Tiridates II to flee. After the deaths of Tiridates II and his son Khosrov II, Shapur I installed his own son Hurmazd on the Armenian throne. When Shapur I died in 270, Hurmazd took the Persian throne and his brother Narseh ruled Armenia in his name.]

Sasanian king of Armenia 252/3-272

[Aurelian ruled [gl22] for six years and six months. He built another wall for Rome, renewed persecutions, was struck by lightning and died. And the persecution ceased. Then Tacitus (Tartianos) ruled for six years [months], until he was slain in Pontus. Then Florian ruled until he was killed in Cilician Tarsus. Meanwhile Hurmazd ruled in Persia.] Chronicle Of Michael The Great Patriarch Of The Syrians

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Hormizd-Ardashir, better known by his dynastic name of Hormizd I (Persian: هرمز یکم‎‎), was the third shahanshah (king of kings) of the Sasanian Empire from May 270 to June 271.[2] He was the youngest son of Shapur I (240–270/72),[3] under whom he was governor of Armenia, and appears in his wars against Rome (Historia Augusta, Trig. Tyr. 2, where Nöldeke has corrected the name Odomastes into Oromastes, i.e. Hormizd).

In the Persian tradition of the history of Ardashir I (226–240 [died 241/42]), preserved in a Pahlavi text (Nöldeke, Geschichte des Artachsir I. Papakan), Hormizd I is made the son of a daughter of Mihrak, a Parthian dynast, whose family Ardashir had extirpated because the Magi had predicted that the restorer of the empire of Persia would come from his blood.

According to legend, this daughter alone was saved by a peasant; Shapur I saw her and made her his wife, and afterwards her son Hormizd I was recognized and acknowledged by Ardashir. Hormizd also had three brothers named Bahram I, Narseh, and Shapur Mishanshah. Although he was younger than some of his brothers, he was designed as Shapur's heir because of his prominent descent from his mother's side.

Hormizd is first mentioned during the wars of Shapur I against the Roman Empire. According to Cyrille Toumanoff, Hormizd was appointed as the ruler of Armenia, which he ruled from 251 until his accession in 270. Little is known of his reign. According to the Muslim chronicler Abu Mansur al-Tha'alibi, Hormizd, like his father and grandfather, ruled with justice. He founded the city of Ram-Hormizd, Hormizd-Ardashir, and Dastagird, which would later be used as a royal residence by the 7th-century Sasanian king Khosrau II. Hormizd also campaigned against the Sogdians, where he was victorious, managed to impose tribute, and erect at their border a stone column that they were not allowed to cross. Hormizd then returned to Estakhr where he died after a reign of only one year. Hormizd was not succeeded by his son Hormozdak, but by his brother Bahram I.

نام کامل هرمزد، « هرمزد اردشیر » بوده. وی پسر شاپور اول بود که در سال 273 میلادی پس از درگذشت پدرش، جانشین وی گشت. گفته می شود که در آن هنگام که اردشیر پاپکان بر « مهرک نوشزاد » غالب آمد و او را به همراه دودمانش کشت، تنها یک دختر از او توانست جان سالم به در ببرد. وی به طور ناشناس فرار کرده، به روستایی رفت و در نزد دهقانی بزرگ شد. روزی شاپور جوان به هنگام شکار، بر سر راه به آن روستا رسیدند و در باغی که دختر مهرک به طور ناشناس در آن زندگی می کرد فرود آمدند. دختر مهرک که چنین دید خواست با دلو از چاه آب بکشد، از آنجا که دلو بسیار سنگین بود، شاپور به نوکرش دستور داد اینکار را انجام دهد، اما نوکر موفق نشد و خود دختر نیز این کار را به سختی انجام داد، لیک دریافت که چنین نیرو و همری فقط در افراد نژاده و اصیل وجود دارد. شاپور پس از آگاه شدن از نام اصالت دختر پنهانی بدون آگاهی پدر با او ازدواج کرد و از او صاحب پسری شد که هرمزد اول بود. هرمزد به هنگام شاهی پدرش، حاکم ارمنستان بود و لقب بزرگ ارمنستان شاه را داشت. در کارنامه اردشیر پاپکان آمده که چون هرمزد به شاهی رسید، توانست به ایران وحدت ببخشد و از روم و هند باج و خراج گرفت و قیصر روم و فرمانروای کابل و شاه هند و خاقان ترک و دیگر شاهان برای درود به درگاه او آمدند. در زمان هرمزد « کرتیر » روحانی معروف و مقتدر ساسانی جایگاه ویژه ای یافت و گامهای اساسی در جهت کمک به رسمی کردن آیین زرتشت در کشور برداشت. هرمزد اول در هنگام درگذشت، در حدود 40 ساله بوده است، لیکن از چگونگی درگذشت او آگاهی چندانی در دست نیست، مدت حکومت او یکسال یعنی از سال 273 تا 274 میلادی بود .