Red Crow

Red Crow was a Lower Yanktonai Sioux (Húŋkpathina (Western Dakota)) man

Source: Wikipedia contributors. "Yankton Sioux Tribe." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 29 Apr. 2024. Web. 20 May. 2024.

The Yankton, with the Yanktonai make up the Western Dakota division of the Dakota People. Although the Yankton and Yanktonai sometimes considered themselves one people, their separate locations resulted in a unique history for each.

The Yanktons were present at the 1851 Treaty Council. However, the pivotal treaty for the nation came in 1858 in which Charles Picotte, signing as the people’s legal representative—a representation disputed by many members, ceded all lands in exchange for the Yankton Reservation in South Dakota and formalized their role as caretakers of the Pipestone Quarry.

Pipestone Quarry on the Coteau des Prairies by George Catlin, c. 1836, "This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 70 years or fewer." The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that "faithful reproductions of two-dimensional public domain works of art are public domain".

1. “Pipestone National Monument (U.S. National Park Service).” Www.nps.gov, www.nps.gov/pipe/index.htm.
2. Wikipedia contributors. "Pipestone National Monument." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Apr. 2024. Web. 20 May. 2024.

Biography:
Born c. 1838, Red Cloud was likely a Lower Yanktonai Sioux, but before 1996, he did not appear in the census. He married three times, first to Mrs. Red Crow, second to Whirling Wind Little Shield, and third to Black Heart, who was still shown as his wife in 1921.

According to Carla Joinson in her book Vanished in Hiawatha, Red Crow was admitted to the Canton Asylum on February 5, 1922, and died there only two months later on April 8, 1922. He does not have a recorded diagnosis but given the short 2-month duration at the Canton Asylum, he was simply sent there to die, a situation that Dr. Hummer frequently complained about to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

In the letter dated February 17, 1934, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Dr. L.L. Culp advises that Red Crow arrived from Crow Creek, South Dakota, and when he died he was buried in the Canton Hiawatha Cemetery tier 2 plot 52.

His profile is part of the The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-Red Crow does not identify in the Canton Asylum male census because he was committed on February 5, 1922, and died on April 8, 1922, before the June 30, 1922 census was prepared.
-Red Crow is not found in the 1896 census

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Sources:

1897 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll088unit/page/n434/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 435/714, line xxx (age 58, single), Lower Yanktonai Sioux Indians, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1898 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll088unit/page/n475/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 476/714, line xxx (age 57, single), Lower Yanktonai Sioux Indians, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1899 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll088unit/page/n524/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 525/714, line xxx (age 58, single), Lower Yanktonai Sioux Indians, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1900 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll088unit/page/n571/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 572/714, line 677 (age 59, single), Lower Yanktonai Sioux Indians, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1901 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll088unit/page/n603/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 604/714, line 654 (age 60, single), Lower Yanktonai Sioux Indians, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1902 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll088unit/page/n628/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 629/714, line 642 (age 61), Lower Yanktonai Sioux Indians, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1903 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll088unit/page/n651/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 652/714, line 646 (age 62), Lower Yanktonai Sioux Indians, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1904 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll088unit/page/n677/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 678/714, line 654 (age 63), Lower Yanktonai Sioux Indians, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1905 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll088unit/page/n701/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 702/714, line 667 (age 64), Lower Yanktonai Sioux Indians, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1906 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n20/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 21/787, line 637 (age 65), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1907 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n42/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 43/787, line 651 (age 66), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1908 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n66/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 67/787, line 660 (age 67), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1909 Aug 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n90/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 91/787, line 647 (age 68), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1910 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n114/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 115/787, line 631 (age 69), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1911 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n173/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 143/787, line 627 (age 70), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1912 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n173/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 174/787, line 611 (age 71), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, South Dakota

1913 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n235/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 236/787, line 577 (b=1841, married to Whirling Wind), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, S.D.

1914 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n295/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 296/787, line 602 (b=1841), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency.

1915 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n366/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 367/787, line 607 (b=1841, married to Black Heart before 6/30/1915), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, S.Dak.

1916 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n457/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 458/787, line 614 (b=1841), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, S.Dak.

1917 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n551/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 552/787, line 615 (b=1841), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency, S.D.

1918 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n630/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 631/787, line 619 (b=1841), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency,

1919 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n697/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 698/787, line 599 (b=1841), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency,

1920 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll089unit/page/n762/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 763/787, line 600 (b=1841), Lower Yanktonai Sioux, Crow Creek Agency,

1921 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:661K-XZD1 : Sat Mar 09 03:49:12 UTC 2024), Entry for Red Crow, 1921, pg. 49/861, line 579 (b=1841), census of the Lower Yanktonia Sioux, Crow Creek Agency,

1922 Apr 8 - "Find a Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6PMW-FBTX : 14 September 2023), Red Crow, ; Burial, Canton, Lincoln, South Dakota, United States of America, Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery; citing record ID 257336242, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
...Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/257336242/red-crow: accessed May 20, 2024), memorial page for Red Crow (unknown–8 Apr 1922), Find a Grave Memorial ID 257336242, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Cynthia H Curtis (contributor 49330076).

1922 Apr 8 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

John Martin 4-4-22 · Red Crow 4-8-22 · James Blackeye 5-6-22

1922 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll090unit/page/n115/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 116/858, line XX 9Died 4-8-22), census of the Lower Yanktonia Sioux, Crow Creek Agency,