Tunkankiipanpi 'Ebe' Snowboy

Ebe was a Dakota Oyate woman of the Yankton Sioux tribe

German settlers recorded Yankton land extended east into Minnesota to the Jeffers Petroglyphs (the image is public domain per the description)
Historically, the tribe is known for being the protectors of the sacred Pipestone Quarry for the Oceti Sakowin (Dakota).

According to American-Tribes.com, the Yankton Sioux had bands in the 1880s including:
Lower Yanktons
Cagu / Lungs, Running Bull, Oyate Sica / Bad Nation, John Ree aka Black Eagle, Frank Jandron, Waceunpa / Roasters, Feather-in-the-Ear, Igmu / Cat People, and Jumping Thunder
Upper Yanktons
Iha Ishdaye / Mouth Greasers, White Swan aka Little Swan, Wakmuha Oin / Pumpkin Rind Earrings, White Medicine Cow That Stands, Cankute / Shooters at Trees, Pretty Boy, Pretty Rock aka Felix T. Brunot, and William Bean aka Blue Cloud
Source: Bray, Kingsley. “American-Tribes.com.” American-Tribes.com, 2022, american-tribes.com/index.htm. Accessed 9 Apr. 2024.
Snowboy, according to Indian censuses, has been identified as being in Band 1.

Biography:
Ebe was born c. 1868, her parents are unknown. Her Indian name was Tunkankiipanpi, I'm not sure where Ede comes from, it's NOT used in the Indian census reports but it is used in all Canton Asylum reports. She married c. 1885 by the time she was 17 to Wahoksina Snowboy. Wahhoksina was a member of the Struck by the Ree, aka Strikes-the-Ree band of the Yankton Sioux tribe. In the 1890 census, Wahoksina is shown married to a woman named Kipan, this appears to be the same woman as Tunkankiipanpi. Tunkankiipanpi and Wahoksina had no children, but the 1886 census shows a "daughter" age 14 living in the household, Tunkankiipanpi was only 18 at the time so was not the mother.

According to Carla Joinson in her book Vanished in Hiawatha, Ebe Snowboy was admitted to the Canton Asylum on February 4, 1926, and was diagnosed with dementia and encephalitis (Encephalitis can cause severe cognitive decline in some patients and autoimmune dementia and encephalopathies (ADE) are complex disorders that can cause immune-mediated cognitive deficits. AIE can resemble neurodegenerative dementia syndromes, especially rapidly progressive dementia. Red flags for AIE in patients with suspected dementia include; rapidly progressive cognitive decline, subtle seizures, and abnormalities in ancillary testing atypical for neurodegeneration.) Her husband Wahoksina disappears for the Indian census after Jun 30, 1925, and her shortly thereafter admission to the Canton Asylum probably indicates 1) that her husband had taken care of her until his death and 2) she become thereafter a burden to the Agency which had her committed.

According to both Carl Joinson and the letter dated February 17, 1934, from Dr. L.L. Culp to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Ebe died in the Canton Asylum on August 9, 1928, and was buried in the Canton Hiawatha Cemetery, tier 6 plot 47.

Her profile is part of the The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-In the 1886 census bands are numbered 1-8, Wahoksina is shown in Band 1
-In the 1887 census, the bands are given names: Band 1 = Struck by the Ree, aka Strikes the Ree band (Wahoksina line 39 always appears in the Ree band)
-In the 1890 census Wahoksina (42) is married to Kipan (21), but the 1886 census clearly shows him married to Tunkankiipanpi (Kipan is the same woman based on age, use is either a nickname or a lazy agent.) Other bands included:
Lower Yanktons
Cagu / Lungs, Running Bull, Oyate Sica / Bad Nation, John Ree aka Black Eagle, Frank Jandron, Waceunpa / Roasters, Feather-in-the-Ear, Igmu / Cat People, and Jumping Thunder
Upper Yanktons
Iha Ishdaye / Mouth Greasers, White Swan aka Little Swan, Wakmuha Oin / Pumpkin Rind Earrings, White Medicine Cow That Stands, Cankute / Shooters at Trees, Pretty Boy, Pretty Rock aka Felix T. Brunot, and William Bean aka Blue Cloud
__________
Sources:

1886 Sep - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll680unit/page/n55/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 56/463, line 39+ (age 18), census of the Yankton Sioux Indians, Yankton Agency, SD

(Curator Note: listed as daughter age 14 Pajutayuhamani must have been by a previous relationship since the wife Tunkankiipanpi(win) was then 18)

1887 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll680unit/page/n151/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 152/463, line 39+ (age 18, spouse 39), band one of Strikes the Ree band, census of the Yankton Sioux tribe of Indians, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1890 Jul/Aug - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll680unit/page/n240/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 241/463, lone 39+ (Kipan age 21, spouse 42), band one of Strikes the Ree band, census of the Yankton Sioux tribe of Indians, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1892 Jul - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll680unit/page/n307/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 308/463, line 39, census of the Yankton tribe of Sioux Indians, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1893 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll680unit/page/n359/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 360/463, line 39, census of the Yankton tribe of Sioux Indians, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1894 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll680unit/page/n409/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 412/463, line 39, census of the Yankton tribe of Sioux Indians, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1895 Aug 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n8/mode/1u.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg, 9/594, line 39 (age 26), census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1896 Aug 18 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n65/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 64/594, line 98, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1897 Aug 20 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n8/mode/1u.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg, 121/594, line 94, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1898 Aug 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n152/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg, 153/594, line 94, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1899 Aug 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n185/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg, 186/594, line 90, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1900 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n238/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg, 239/594, line 87, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1901 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n290/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg, 291/594, line 91, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1902 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n343/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg, 344/594, line 86, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1903 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4F9B-Z12M : Sun Mar 10 02:29:12 UTC 2024), Entry for Tunkankipanpi Ebe Snowboy, 1903, pg. 420/597, line 90, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1904 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n488/mode/... 29 Feb. 2024, pg, 486/594, line 81, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1905 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7ZM2-WR2M : Sat Mar 09 03:43:11 UTC 2024), Entry for Tunkankipanpi, 1905, pg. 531/597, line 88 (age 36), census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1906 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll682unit/page/n7/mode/1u.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 8/430, 89, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1907 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4G9H-SH2M : Sat Mar 09 19:08:48 UTC 2024), Entry for Tunkankipanpi Snowboy, 1907, pg. 81/433, line 73, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1908 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll681unit/page/n528/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 529/594, line 88, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1909 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll682unit/page/n153/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 154/430, line 100, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, South Dakota

1910 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll682unit/page/n226/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 227/430, line 106, census of the Sioux Indians, Yankton Agency

1911 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4GMK-Y3ZM : Sat Mar 09 02:40:50 UTC 2024), Entry for Tunkankipanpi Snowboy, 1911, pg. 402/433, line 60 (age 42), census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, SD

1913 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll683unit/page/n80/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 81/525, line 90, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1914 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WQG4-KG2M : Sun Mar 10 10:24:45 UTC 2024), Entry for Snowboy, 1914, pg. 186/528, line 1474, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1915 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QGRK-1XC3 : Sun Mar 10 00:11:40 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, 1915, pg. 294/528, line 1504, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1916 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WQGW-L3T2 : Fri Mar 08 21:42:56 UTC 2024), Entry for Tunkankipanpi, 1916, pg. 399/528, line 1542, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1917 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WQGH-VTZM : Sat Mar 09 17:38:39 UTC 2024), Entry for Tunkankipanpi, 1917, pg. 506/528, line 1555, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1918 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:W3P8-9TN2 : Sun Mar 10 16:47:11 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, 1918, pg. 186/605, line 1571, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1919 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:W3XR-31PZ : Sat Mar 09 14:05:58 UTC 2024), Entry for Tunkaniqanpi, 1919, pg. 385/605, line 1580, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1920 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7ZMJ-6ZW2 : Sat Mar 09 00:41:07 UTC 2024), Entry for Tunkankipapi, 1920, pg. 588/605, line 1585 (with a note), census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency

1921 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WQQX-C5ZM : Fri Mar 08 06:44:38 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, 1921, pg. 185/812, line 1594 (b=1869), census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, S.D.

1922 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WQSN-T6PZ : Sat Mar 09 02:04:22 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, 1922, pg. 365/812, line 1598, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, S.D.

1923 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WQS4-Z86Z : Fri Mar 08 03:56:14 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, 1923, pg. 494/812, line 1596, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, S.D.

1924 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WQ3Q-CMPZ : Sat Mar 09 02:23:58 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, pg. 691/812, line 1586 (b=1869), census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, SD

1925 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7ZMV-4PW2 : Thu Mar 07 02:25:51 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, 1925, pg. 98/651, line 1600 (husband Snowboy has disappeared), census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, SD

1926 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QGRB-XDSD : Fri Mar 08 14:54:19 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, pg. 315/651, line 1609, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, S.D.

1926 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=168, line 39, female census Canton Asylum

1927 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WW7T-MDZM : Fri Mar 08 09:33:22 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, pg. 530/651, line 1838, census of the Yankton Sioux, Yankton Agency, S.D.

1927 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=186, line 40, female census Canton Asylum

1928 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=211, line 38, female census Canton Asylum

1928 Aug 9 - Culp, L.L. Culp to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, February 17, 1934, RG 75, CCF 1907-1939, box 4, folder 7448-150 Part 2, Canton Asylum, NARA-DC.

1928 Aug 9 - "South Dakota, Grave Registration Records, 1940-1941", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:CY84-NZN2 : Sat Mar 09 13:53:01 UTC 2024), Entry for Ebe Snowboy, no image
Name Ebe Snowboy
Sex Male
Age 58 years
Birth Year (Estimated) 1870
Death Date 9 August 1928
Event Type Burial
Event Place Presho, Lyman, South Dakota, United States
Cemetery Indian Asylum

1928 Aug 11 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14493744/ede-siroboz: accessed April 8, 2024), memorial page for Ede Siroboz (unknown–11 Aug 1928), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14493744, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Graveaddiction (contributor 46528400). (Curator Note: name is butchered, should be Snowboy, date of death is 8/9/1928, 8/11/1928 is the date of burial)

1928 Aug 11 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

Marie Pancho 10-17-23 · Ebe Sirowboy 8-11-28 · Kiger 7-2-29
(Curator Note: see note on previous entry)