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Turing Award
- Alan Mathison Turing (1912 – 1954).
The ACM A.M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to "an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community". It is stipulated that "The contributions should be of lasting and major technical importance to the computer field". The Turing Award is recognized as the "highest distinction in Computer science" and "Nobel Prize of computing".
The A.M. Turing Award, sometimes referred to as the '"Nobel Prize of Computing"' , was named in honour of Alan Mathison Turing (1912–1954), a British mathematician and computer scientist and reader in mathematics at the University of Manchester. He made fundamental advances in computer architecture, algorithms, formalisation of computing, and artificial intelligence, and he is "frequently credited for being the Father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence". Turing was also instrumental in British code-breaking work during World War II.
During 2007-2014, the award was accompanied by a prize of $250,000, with financial support provided by Intel and Google.
As of 2014 the award comes with the recognition of one-million dollar prize, thanks to Google.
List of recipients:
- 1966: Alan J. Perlis (USA) (1922-1990) For his influence in the area of advanced computer programming techniques and compiler construction
- 1967: Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes FRS FREng (UK) (1913-2010), "Known as the builder and designer of the EDSAC, the first computer with an internally stored program."
- 1968: Richard Hamming (USA) (1915-1998), "For his work on numerical methods, automatic coding systems, and error-detecting and error-correcting codes".
- 1969: Marvin Minsky (USA) (1927-2016) "For his central role in creating, shaping, promoting, and advancing the field of artificial intelligence".
- 1970: James H. Wilkinson FRS (UK) (1919-1986) "for his research in numerical analysis to facilitate the use of the high-speed digital computer, having received special recognition for his work in computations in linear algebra and 'backward' error analysis ".
- 1971: John McCarthy (USA) (1927-2011) "for his contributions to the topic of AI".
- 1972: Edsger W. Dijkstra (Netherlands)
- 1973: Charles W. Bachman (USA)
- 1974: Donald E. Knuth (USA)
- 1975: Allen Newell (USA) & Herbert A. Simon (USA)
- 1976: Michael O. Rabin (Israel) & Dana S. Scott (USA), For their joint paper "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problem," which introduced the idea of nondeterministic machines, which has proved to be an enormously valuable concept. Their (Scott & Rabin) classic paper has been a continuous source of inspiration for subsequent work in this field.
- 1977: John Backus (USA)
- 1978: Robert W. Floyd (USA)
- 1979: Kenneth E. Iverson (Canada)
- 1980: C. Antony R. Hoare (UK)
- 1981: Edgar F. Codd (UK)
- 1982: Stephen A. Cook (USA/Canada)
- 1983: Ken Thompson (USA) (b. 1943) & Dennis M. Ritchie (USA) (1941-2011), For their development of generic operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the UNIX operating system
- 1984: Niklaus Wirth (Switzerland)
- 1985: Richard M. Karp (USA)
- 1986: John Hopcroft & Robert Tarjan (USA)
- 1987: John Cocke (USA)
- 1988: Ivan Sutherland (USA)
- 1989: William (Velvel) Kahan
- 1990: Fernando J. Corbató (USA)
- 1991: Robin Milner (UK)
- 1992: Butler W. Lampson (USA)
- 1993: Juris Hartmanis & Richard E. Stearns (USA)
- 1994: Edward Feigenbaum (USA) & Raj Reddy (India/USA)
- 1995: Manuel Blum (Venezuela)
- 1996: Amir Pnueli (Israel) (1941-2009), For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision.
- 1997: Douglas Engelbart (USA)
- 1998: Jim Gray (USA)
- 1999: Frederick P. Brooks, Jr. (USA)
- 2000: Andrew Chi-Chih Yao (USA/Taiwan)
- 2001: Ole-Johan Dahl & Kristen Nygaard (Norway) For ideas fundamental to the emergence of object-oriented programming, through their design of the programming languages Simula I and Simula 67.
- 2002: Ronald L. Rivest (USA), Adi Shamir (Israel ) & Leonard M. Adleman (USA), For their ingenious contribution for making public-key cryptography useful in practice. For their ingenious contribution for making public-key cryptography useful in practice.
- 2003: Alan Kay (USA) For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary object-oriented programming languages, leading the team that developed Smalltalk, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing.
- 2004: Vinton G. Cerf (USA) (b. 1943) & Robert E. Kahn (USA) (b. 1938), For pioneering work on internet working, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.
- 2005: Peter Naur (Denmark) For fundamental contributions to programming language design and the definition of ALGOL 60, to compiler design, and to the art and practice of computer programming.
- 2006: Frances E. Allen (USA) For pioneering contributions to the theory and practice of optimizing compiler techniques that laid the foundation for modern optimizing compilers and automatic parallel execution.
- 2007: Edmund M. Clarke (USA), E. Allen Emerson (USA) & Joseph Sifakis (France/Greece) For their roles in developing model checking into a highly effective verification technology, widely adopted in the hardware and software industries.
- 2008: Barbara Liskov (USA) For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to data abstraction, fault tolerance, and distributed computing.
- 2009: Charles P. Thacker (USA) For his pioneering design and realization of the Xerox Alto, the first modern personal computer, and in addition for his contributions to the Ethernet and the Tablet PC.
- 2010: Leslie G. Valiant (UK) For transformative contributions to the theory of computation, including the theory of probably approximately correct (PAC) learning, the complexity of enumeration and of algebraic computation, and the theory of parallel and distributed computing.
- 2011: Judea Pearl (Israel/USA), For fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning.
- 2012: Silvio Micali (Italy/USA) & Shafi Goldwasser (Israel/USA) (b. 1958), For transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography and in the process pioneered new methods for efficient verification of mathematical proofs in complexity theory.
- 2013: Leslie Lamport (USA). For fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and logical clocks, safety and liveness, replicated state machines, and sequential consistency.
- 2014: Michael Stonebraker (USA) For fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems.
- 2015: Martin E. Hellman (USA) and Whitfield Diffie (USA) For fundamental contributions to modern cryptography. Diffie and Hellman's groundbreaking 1976 paper, "New Directions in Cryptography," introduced the ideas of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, which are the foundation for most regularly-used security protocols on the internet today.
- 2016: Sir Tim Berners-Lee (UK) For inventing the World Wide Web, the first web browser, and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale.
- 2017: John L. Hennessy (USA) and David A. Patterson (USA) For pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the microprocessor industry.
- 2018: Yoshua Bengio OC FRSC (Canada), Geoffrey Hinton CC FRS FRSC (England/Canada) and Yann LeCun (France/USA) For conceptual and engineering breakthroughs that have made deep neural networks a critical component of computing.
- 2019: Edwin Earl Catmull (USA) (b. 1935) and Patrick M. Hanrahan (USA) (b. 1955), For fundamental contributions to 3-D computer graphics, and the revolutionary impact of these techniques on computer-generated imagery (CGI) in filmmaking and other applications.
- 2020: Alfred Aho (Canada) (b. 1941) and Jeffrey Ullman (USA) (b. 1942), For fundamental algorithms and theory underlying programming language implementation and for synthesizing these results and those of others in their highly influential books, which educated generations of computer scientists.
- 2021: Jack Joseph Dongarra FRS (USA) (b. 1950), For pioneering contributions to numerical algorithms and libraries that enabled high performance computational software to keep pace with exponential hardware improvements for over four decades.