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English Scottish German Dutch French (mainly Alsace and Lorraine) Hungarian Czech Slovak Polish Croatian and Slovenian: from the ancient Germanic personal name Arnwald (Middle English Arnold Old French Arnaut) composed of the elements arn ‘eagle’ + wald ‘rule power’. This name was introduced to Britain by the Normans. English: habitational name from either of two places called Arnold in Nottinghamshire and East Yorkshire from Old English earn ‘eagle’ + halh ‘nook’. Jewish (Ashkenazic): adoption of the German personal name (see 1 above) at least in part on account of its resemblance to the Jewish name Aaron .
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, 2022