Bilious fever - was a medical diagnosis of fever associated with excessive bile or bilirubin in the blood stream and tissues, causing jaundice (a yellow color in the skin or sclera of the eye). The most common cause was malaria. Viral hepatitis and bacterial infections of the blood stream (sepsis) may have caused a few of the deaths reported as bilious fever.
The term is obsolete and no longer used, but was used by medical practitioners in the 18th and 19th centuries for any fever that exhibited the symptom of nausea or vomiting in addition to an increase in internal body temperature and strong diarrhea, which were thought to arise from disorders of bile, the two types of which were two of the four humours of traditional Galenic medicine. It was often cited as a cause on death certificates.
United States President Abraham Lincoln's son William Wallace Lincoln was said to have died from bilious fever. Modern diagnoses for the same symptoms would include a wide range of conditions and infections.
Old Diseases names & their modern definitions:
- Bilious fever - A term applied to certain intestinal and malarial fevers (typhoid, malaria, hepatitis or elevated temperature and bile emesis).
Resources & Additional Reading
- Wikipedia – Bilious fever
- Old Diseases names & their modern definitions
- The Yesterdays of… Hamilton County, Illinois – Old Diseases Defined
- JAMA Network – The alleged Bacillus of Bilious fever. JAMA. 1895;XXIV(1):25-26. doi:10.1001/jama.1895.02430010043003
- Evans Early American Imprint Collection – Observations on Bilious Fevers By William Currie (1754-1828).
- The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. XXXIX, Wednesday, November 15, 1818, No 16. Bilious Fever Districts of country at the South. By Tomlinson Fort, MD of Milledgeville, GA.