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Almost 1000 people completed this remarkable migration to New Zealand. They set about the task of establishing a close knit and highly successful Gaelic speaking community in Waipu. On leaving the Highlands of Scotland after the infamous Highland Clearances, the settlers first formed a community at St Ann’s in Nova Scotia. On this productive land the Scots built a strong community, despite cold winters. The community at St Ann’s grew under Norman McLeod’s leadership. He attracted self reliant, religious, honest, and intelligent people. They worked hard to harvest timber, build homes, develop productive farms, build ships, establish businesses. Whilst he provided them with what was for many, their first opportunity to gain an education.
Norman McLeod was ordained as a Presbyterian Minister in the United States of America in 1827. His church and congregation were the largest in Cape Breton. He was however a contraversial figure.
By the mid 1840’s this was a thriving community. However, by 1845 the very cold winters, combined with potato blight and crop failure created a devastating famine. The fishing industry was under threat, opposing religions were a future challenge and land was limited.
Norman McLeod’s son Donald sent newspapers from Australia in 1848. Norman McLeod and his followers soon learned about the opportunities in Australia. Abundant fertile land, a mild climate and religious freedom were too attractive to ignore. They decided to emigrate to secure a better future for their community.
The Reverend Norman McLeod led his people on a great adventure to Australia in search of a better future.
To undertake this amazing journey they built their own ships, prepared food, settled their affairs and set sail on an expedition, for five months or more, to the other side of the world.
The 236 ton barque “Margaret” was built by Neil and Roderick McGregor at St Ann’s for the Reverend Norman McLeod, John Fraser and John McKay. In 1851 she sailed with the Reverend Norman McLeod (aged 71 years) and 140 followers to Adelaide in South Australia.
The McGregors also built the 179 ton Brig “Highland Lass” at Baddeck, Cape Breton for Duncan and Murdoch McKenzie. She set sail to follow the “Margaret” with 136 on board but was caught in ice. They left five months later in spring 1852. By the time they reached Adelaide the “Margaret” group had moved to Melbourne.
No suitable land was found in Adelaide or Melbourne. The discovery of gold caused the demand for land, and its value, to sky rocket out of affordability. The group were forced to live in Canvas town outside of Melbourne in the midst of violence, crime and disease. Some died of typhoid including 3 of Norman’s sons.
Both ships were sold and the passengers found work in Melbourne while the quest for land turned to New Zealand.
The Reverend Norman McLeod wrote to Sir George Grey, Governor of New Zealand, who encouraged him and his people to come to New Zealand.
After 12-18 months in Melbourne the first party left for Auckland. Duncan and Murdoch McKenzie bought the 175 ton Aberdeen schooner “Gazelle” to make the journey. Ninety “Highland Lass” people and 33 from the “Margaret” arrived in Auckland on 18 September 1853.
The leaders of that group chose Waipu as being the most suitable area for the new settlement. They were Duncan McKenzie, Duncan Mackay (Ban), Donald McLean, Hector McKenzie, William McKenzie (Beag), Donald McDonald and Donald McLeod.
The area was most suitable for fishing, ship building, and farming and allowed the gaelic speaking community to remain together to worship with their Minister the Reverend Norman McLeod. The Reverend Norman McLeod came with more of the “Margaret”group from Melbourne in January 1854.
At last, after many trials, determination and persistence were rewarded. Compared to Scotland and Nova Scotia, Waipu was a land of great opportunity.
At last the community had found land with great potential.
The first ship to make the complete journey from Cape Breton to Auckland was the 217 ton brig “Gertrude”. Built on Prince Edward Island, she was purchased by John Munro and reconditioned for the trip. She arrived in 1856 with 176 people on board. Next came the tiny 107 ton brigantine “The Spray” in 1857 with 96 keen settlers. She was purchased for the trip by Choan, Alex and Archibald Stewart and Angus Matheson.
Then the 224 ton barque “Breadalbane” arrived in 1858 with 160 more people for the settlement. She was built and owned by Charles Campbell.
Finally the largest of the fleet, the 336 ton barque “Ellen Lewis” arrived in 1860 with 235 new immigrants. William Ross was the main owner and she was built at Sydney, Cape Breton in 1855.
Almost 1000 people completed this remarkable migration. They set about the task of establishing a close knit and highly successful community in Waipu and sister settlements
Today, the descendents number in their tens of thousands. The remarkable Waipu Migration has descendents all over New Zealand and the world.