The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and is one of the earliest Academies of Sciences.

Membership in the academy the exceeded 100 officially-recognised full members only in 1976, 310 years after the academy's inception in 1666. The membership increase came with a large-scale reorganization in 1976. Under this reorganization, 130 resident members, 160 correspondents, and 80 foreign associates could be elected.

A vacancy opens only upon the death of members, as they serve for life. During elections, half of the vacancies are reserved for people less than 55 years old. This was created as an attempt to encourage younger members to join the academy.

The reorganization also divided the academy into 2 divisions:
Division 1, covers the applications of mathematics and physical sciences,
Division 2, covers the applications of chemical, natural, biological, and medical sciences.

On 8 August 1793, the National Convention abolished all the academies. On 22 August 1795, a National Institute of Sciences and Arts was put in place, bringing together the old academies of the sciences, literature and arts, among them the Académie française and the Académie des sciences.

Also in 1795, The academy determined these 10 titles (first 4 in Division 1 and the others in Division 2) to be their newly accepted branches of scientific study:

Mathematics
Mechanics
Astronomy
Physics
Chemistry
Mineralogy
Botany
Agriculture
Anatomy and Zoology
Medicine and Surgery

Presidents of the Academy (one of the five Academies of the Institut de France):

xviii cent.
1699-1700 : Jean-Paul Bignon
1701 : Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban
1702 : Jean-Paul Bignon
1703 : Camille Le Tellier de Louvois
1704 : Jean-Paul Bignon
1705 : Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban
1706 : Philippe de Courcillon de Dangeau
1707 : Jean-Paul Bignon
1708 : Camille Le Tellier de Louvois
1709-1710 : Jean-Paul Bignon
.
.

xxi cent.
1999-2000 : Guy Ourisson
2001-2002 : Hubert Curien
2003-2004 : Étienne-Émile Baulieu
2005-2006 : Édouard Brézin
2007-2008 : Jules Hoffmann
2009-2010 : Jean Salençon
2011-2012 : Alain Carpentier
2013-2014 : Philippe Taquet
2015-2016 : Bernard Meunier
2017-2018 : Sébastien Candel
2019-2020 : Pierre Corvol
2021-2022 : Patrick Flandrin
2023-2024 : Alain Fischer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences

Members

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_French_Academ...

L’Académie des sciences, nommée l'Académie royale des sciences lors de sa création en 1666, est l'une des cinq académies regroupées au sein de l'Institut de France. Elle encourage et protège l'esprit de recherche, et contribue aux progrès des sciences et de leurs applications.

L'Académie des sciences était composée de 283 membres en novembre 2020.

Présidents[modifier
Les présidents successifs de l'Académie des sciences ont été:

xviii cent.
1699-1700 : Jean-Paul Bignon
1701 : Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban
1702 : Jean-Paul Bignon
1703 : Camille Le Tellier de Louvois
1704 : Jean-Paul Bignon
1705 : Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban
1706 : Philippe de Courcillon de Dangeau
1707 : Jean-Paul Bignon
1708 : Camille Le Tellier de Louvois
1709-1710 : Jean-Paul Bignon
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
xxi siècle
1999-2000 : Guy Ourisson
2001-2002 : Hubert Curien
2003-2004 : Étienne-Émile Baulieu
2005-2006 : Édouard Brézin
2007-2008 : Jules Hoffmann
2009-2010 : Jean Salençon
2011-2012 : Alain Carpentier
2013-2014 : Philippe Taquet
2015-2016 : Bernard Meunier
2017-2018 : Sébastien Candel
2019-2020 : Pierre Corvol
2021-2022 : Patrick Flandrin
2023-2024 : Alain Fischer

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_(France)