International LUXEMBOURG portal

--UNDER CONSTRUCTIONS!!

International LUXEMBOURG portal

internet:brunnen-documentation-etceteraa---

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourgish
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg
• ...aanvulling welcome!

heads of state

• 2024 : Henri of LUXEMBOURG

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Monarchs of Luxembourg

NotaBene : this list will be transported to a new page later....

COUNTS of Luxembourg

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House of ARDENNE-LUXEMBOURG

• 0963-0998 : Siegfried ‧ 0922-0998 28 okt ‧
• 0998-1026 : Henry I ‧ 0964-1026 27 feb ‧
• 1026-1047 : Henry II ‧ 1007-1047 16 Oct ‧
• 1047-1059 : Giselbert ‧ 1007-1059 14 Aug ‧
• 1059-1086 : Conrad I ‧ 1040-1086 8 Aug ‧
• 1086-1096 : Henry III ‧ 1070-1096 ‧
• 1096-1131 : William I ‧ 1081-1131 ‧
• 1131-1136 : Conrad II ‧ 1106-1136 ‧
• 1136-1136 : Ermesinde I ‧ 1080-1143 ‧

House of LUXEMBOURG-NAMUR

• 1136-1196 : Henry IV -the Blind- 1112-1196 aug-14 ‧

House of HOHENSTAUFEN

• 1196-1197 : Otto ‧ jun/Jul 1170-1200 jan-13 ‧

House of LUXEMBOURG-NAMUR

• 1197-1247 :Ermesinde II ‧ July 1186 12 February 1247
• 1197-1214 : Theobald I ‧ 1158 13 Feb 1214
• 1214-1226 : Waleran ‧ 1180 2 Jul 1226 ‧

House of LUXEMBOURG-LIMBURG

• 1247-1281 : Henry V -the Blond-- ‧ 1216-1281 24 Dec ‧
• 1281-1288 : Henry VI -the Condemned-- ‧ 1240-1288 5 Jun ‧
• 1288-1313 : Henry VII ‧ 1275/1270 24 August 1313 ‧
• 1313-1346 : John -the Blind-- ‧ 10 Aug 1296-1346 26 Aug ‧
• 1346-1353 : Charles IV ‧ 14 May 1316-1378 29 Nov ‧
• 1353-1354 : Wenceslaus I ‧ 25 Feb 1337-1353 7 Dec ‧

DUKES of Luxembourg

In 1354 the county was elevated to a duchy.

House of LUXEMBOURG-LIMBURG

• 1354-1383 : Wenceslaus I ‧ 25 Feb 1337 7 Dec 1383 ‧
• 1383-1388 : Wenceslas II -the Lazy-- ‧ 26 Feb 1361-16 Aug 1419 ‧
• 1388-1411 : Jobst ‧ Dec 1351-18 Jan 1411 ‧
• 1411-1443 : Elisabeth I ‧ Nov 1390-2 Aug 1451 ‧
• 1411-1415 : Anthony ‧ Aug 1384-25 Oct 1415 ‧
• 1418-1425 : John II - the Pitiless-- ‧ 1374-6 Jan 1425 ‧

As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441 but only to succeed upon her death.
Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative.

Claimants

• 1443-1451 : Elisabeth I ‧ Nov 1390-1451 2 Aug ‧
• 1451-1457 : Ladislaus --the Posthumous-- ‧ 22 Feb 1440-1457 23 Nov ‧
• 1457-1462 : Anne ‧ 12 Apr 1432-1462 13 Nov ‧
• : William --the Brave-- 30 Apr 1425-1482 17 Sep ‧
• 1462-1467 : Elisabeth II ‧ 1436-1505 30 Aug ‧
• : Casimir Jagiellon ‧ 30 Nov 1427 7 June 1492
• 1458-1471 : George of Poděbrady ‧ 23 April 1420-1471 22 March ‧

House of VALOIS-BURGUNDY

In 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy.

• 1443-1467 : Philip I --the Good-- 31 July 1396-1467 15 Jun ‧
• 1467-1477 : Charles II --the Bold-- ‧ 10 Nov 1433-1477 5 Jan ‧
• 1477-1482 : Mary I --the Rich-- ‧ 13 Feb 1457-1482 27 Mar ‧
• : Maximilian I --the Last Knight-- 22 Mar 1459-1519 12 Jan ‧

House of HABSBURG

In 1482 Luxembourg passed to the House of Habsburg. After the abdication of Emperor Charles V, the duchy of Luxembourg fell to the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg.

• : Philip II --the Handsome-- ‧ 22 July 1478- 25 Sep 1506 ‧

1482-1506

• : Charles III --the Golden-- ‧ 24 Feb 1500- 21 Sep 1558 ‧

1506-1556

• 1556-1598 : Philip III --the Prudent-- ‧ 21 May 1527- 13 Sep 1598 ‧
• 1598-1621 : Isabella Clara Eugenia ‧ 12 Aug 1566- 1 Dec 1633 ‧
• : Albert ‧ 15 Nov 1559- 13 Jul 1621 ‧
• 1621-1665 : Philip IV --the Great-- ‧ 8 Apr 1605- 17 Sep 1665 ‧
• 1665-1700 : Charles IV --the Bewitched-- ‧ 6 Nov 1661- 1 Nov 1700 ‧

During the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1714, the duchy was disputed between Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, of the House of Bourbon; and Charles of Austria, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, of the House of Habsburg. In 1712 Luxembourg and Namur were ceded to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria by his French allies, but at the end of the war in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht Maximilian Emanuel was restored as Elector of Bavaria. In 1713 the duchy fell to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg.

House of BOURBON

• : Philip V -
• 1700-1712 : Philippe de France ‧ 19 Dec 1683-1746 9 Jul ‧

House of WITTELSBACH

• : Maximilian II -
• : Maximilian Emanuel Ludwig Maria Joseph Kajetan
• : Anton Nikolaus Franz
• 1712-1713 : Ignaz Felix 11 Jul 1662-1726 26 Feb

House of HABSBURG

• : Charles V ‧ x ‧
• : Karl Franz Joseph ‧ x ‧
• : Wenceslau Balthasar Johann ‧ x ‧
• 1713-1740 : Anton Ignatius ‧ 1 Oct 1685-1740 20 Oct ‧
• : Maria II Theresa ‧ x ‧
• : Maria Theresa ‧ x ‧
• 1740-1780 : Walburga Amalia Christina ‧ 13 May 1717-1780 29 Nov ‧
• : Joseph ‧ x ‧
• : Joseph Benedikt August ‧ ‧
• 1780-1790 : Johannes Anton Michael Adam ‧ 13 Mar 1741-1790 20 Feb ‧
• : Leopold ‧ x ‧
• : Peter Leopold Joseph ‧ ‧
• 1790-1792 : Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard ‧ 5 May 1747-1792 1 Mar ‧
• : Francis II ‧ x ‧
• 1792-1794 : Francis Joseph Charles ‧ 12 Feb 1768-1835 2 Mar ‧

Luxembourg was occupied by French revolutionaries between 1794 and 1813. At the Vienna Congress, it was elevated to a grand duchy and given in personal union to William I of the Netherlands.

GRAND DUKES of Luxembourg

The Grand Duke of Luxembourg (or Grand Duchess in the case of a female monarch) is the head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg is the world's only extant sovereign grand duchy, a status to which Luxembourg was promoted in 1815 upon its unification with the Netherlands under the House of Orange-Nassau.
The Luxembourg constitution defines the grand duke's position:
The grand duke is the head of state, symbol of its unity, and guarantor of national independence. He exercises executive power in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the country.

Originally, the constitution vested the grand duke with considerable executive power. In practice, however, since the end of the personal union with the Netherlands in 1890, he has usually limited himself to a mostly representative role, acting on the advice of the government. Amendments in 1919 significantly curbed the grand duke's powers, thus codifying two decades of constitutional practice.

House of ORANGE-NASSAU

• 1815-1840 : William I = Willem Frederik / Prince William VI of Orange ‧ 24-aug 1772-1843 dec-12
• 1840-1849 : Willem II = Willem Frederik George Lodewijk ‧ 6-dec 1792-1849 mrt-17
• 1849-1890 : Willem III = Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk ‧ 17-feb 1817-1890 nov-23 ‧

House of NASSAU-WEILBURG

Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact, those territories of the Nassau family in the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Pact (Luxembourg and Nassau) were bound by semi-Salic law, which allowed inheritance by females or through the female line only upon extinction of male members of the dynasty. When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir, the crown of the Netherlands, not being bound by the family pact, passed to Wilhelmina. However, the crown of Luxembourg passed to a male of another branch of the House of Nassau: Adolphe, the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the branch of Nassau-Weilburg.

In 1905, Grand Duke Adolphe's younger half-brother, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau, died, having left a son Georg Nikolaus, Count von Merenberg who was, however, the product of a morganatic marriage, and therefore not legally a member of the House of Nassau. In 1907, Adolphe's only son, William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, obtained passage of a law confirming the right of his eldest daughter, Marie-Adélaïde, to succeed to the throne in virtue of the absence of any remaining dynastic males of the House of Nassau, as originally stipulated in the Nassau Family Pact. She became the grand duchy's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte, who married Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a prince of the former Duchy of Parma. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau.

• 1890-1905 : Adolphe ‧ Prussia-Wiesbaden 24-Jul 1817-1905 nov-17 Colmar-Berg ‧
  • & 1844 jan-31 : Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna of Russia > 1 stillborn child
  • & 1851 apr-23 : Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau > 5 children
• 1905-1912 : William IV ‧ Prussia-Wiesbaden 22 Apr 1852-

Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal
[6 children] 25 February 1912
Colmar-Berg Eldest Child

• 1912-1919 : Marie-Adélaïde ‧ Colmar-Berg 14-jun 1894-1924 jan 24 Lenggries-DEU ‧ abdicated - unmarried - childless
• 1919-1964 : Charlotte ‧ Colmar-Berg 23-jan 1896-1985 jul 9 Fischbach
  • & 1919 nov 6 : Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma > 6 children - abdicated -
• 1964-2000 : Jean ‧ Colmar-Berg 5-jan 1921-2019 apr-23 Luxembourg City ‧ abdicated
  • & 1953 apr-9 : Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium > 5 children
• 2000-anno : Henri ‧ Betzdorf 16 Apr 1955 ‧
  • & 1981 feb 4/14 : María Teresa Mestre y Batista > 5 children