In the Court of Muscovite Russia, the offices of ladies-in-waiting to the tsarina were normally divided among the boyarinas (widows or wives of boyars), often from the family and relatives of the tsarina.[54] The first rank among the offices of the ladies-in-waiting was the tsarina's treasurer. The second was the group of companions. The third were the royal nurses to the princes and princesses (where the nurses of the male children outranked); among the nurses, the most significant post was that of the mamok, the head royal governess, who was normally selected from elder widows, often relatives to the tsar or tsarina.[55] All offices were appointed by royal decree. The group of ladies-in-waiting were collectively above the rank of the svetlichnaya (the tsarina's sewing women), the postelnitsy (the tsarina's chamber women and washing women) and the officials who handled the affairs of the staff.

In 1722, this system was abolished and the Russian imperial court was reorganized in accordance with the reforms of Peter the Great to westernize Russia, and the old court offices of the tsarina were replaced with court offices inspired by the German model.

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Список_фрейлин_российского_императорского_двора

Мария Кикина во фрейлинском платье

Это звание следовало по старшинству за званиями статс-дамы и камер-фрейлины. Начало присваиваться с 1744 года.
Звание давалось незамужним женщинам. При назначении во фрейлины девушка получала «шифр», то есть украшенный бриллиантами вензель царственной особы, в свиту которой она поступала. При выходе замуж это звание с них снималось, но они сохраняли право быть представленными императрице и получать приглашения на придворные церемонии и балы в Большом зале Зимнего дворца вместе с мужьями, независимо от их чина.

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Список_фрейлин_российского_императорского_двора

Мария Кикина во фрейлинском платье