Olympic Movement ‧ since 1850

Participants / Sports / Hosts

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© 2024 : On 101 days of the Games in Paris, the Olympic flame was lit in Ancient Olympia in Greece. Normally this is done during a traditional ceremony with actors and actresses using the sun and a parabolic mirror. But it was too cloudy, so the priestesses of Hera lit the torch with spare fire from yesterday's dress rehearsal.

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• NL • XYZ • EN • [ FR] • [ DE] • [ EU] • [ETC] • • •
• Special Olympics
  

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historic actores

• William Penny BROOKES ‧ x ‧
• Pierre de FREDY, baron de COUBERTIN ‧ 1863-1937 ‧
• Evangelis ZAPPAS ‧ x ‧ initiatives a/o founder PARA-lympics
• Eunice Kennedy SHRIVER ‧ x ‧ founder SPECIAL Olympics ‧
• Sir Ludwig GUTTMANN ‧ 1899-1980 ‧ neurologist ‧ founder Stoke Mandeville Games ‧
• ...aanvulling welkom!...

International-Olympic-Commitee

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President

• 1894-1896 : Demetrius VIKELAS ‧ 1835-x ‧ ⌘ ‧
• 1896-1925 : Pierre de COUBERTIN ‧ 1863-x ‧ ⌘ ‧
• 1925-1942 : Henri de BAILLET-LATOUR ‧ 1876-x ‧ ⌘ ‧
• 1942-1952 : Sigfrid EDSTRÖM ‧ 1870-x ‧ ⌘ ‧
• 1952-1972 : Avery BRUNDAGE ‧ 1887-x ‧ ⌘ ‧
• 1972-1980 : Lord KILLANIN ‧ 1914-x ‧ ⌘ ‧
• 1980-2001 : Juan Antonio SAMARANCH ‧ 1920-2010 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• 2001-2013 : Jacques ROGGE ‧ 1942 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• 2013-anno : Thomas BACH ‧ 1953 ‧ ⌘ ‧

Honorary members ~ ERE-leden

• Jean Benoît Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'AVIANO ~ Jean of LUXEMBOURG, HRH the Grand Duke ‧ b.1921 ‧ Luxembourg ‧ 1946~1998 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Κωνσταντῖνος ~ Constantine II, HM King ‧ b.1940 ‧ GRE ‧ 1963~1974 ‧ 1960:sailing ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Gunnar Lennart Vilhelm ERICSSON ‧ b.1919 ‧ SWE ‧ 1965~1996 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Ashwini KUMAR ‧ b. ‧ India ‧ 1973~2000 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Niels HOLST-SØRENSEN ‧ b. ‧ Denmark ‧ 1977 ‧ 2002 ‧ 1948:athletics ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Günther HEINZE ‧ b. ‧ GER ‧ 1981~1992 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Vladimír ČERNUŠÁK ‧ b. ‧ SLovakia ‧ 1981~2002 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Flor Isava-FONSECA ‧ b. ‧ VEN ‧ 1981~2002 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Mary Alison Glen-HAIG, Dame ‧ b. ‧ Great BR ‧ 1982~1994 ‧ 1948-1960:fencing ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Tennant Edward -tay- WILSON, sir ‧ b.1925 ‧ New Zealand ‧ 1988~2006 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Borislav -bora- STANKOVIĆ ‧ b.1925 ‧ Serbia ‧ 1988 ‧ 2006 ‧ ret.Secr.Gen.FIBA ‧ 2006:basketball ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Doña Pilar de BORBÓN, HRH the Infanta ‧ b.1936 ‧ ESP ‧ 1996~2006 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Shagdarjav MAGVAN ‧ b. ‧ Mongolia ‧ 1977~2007 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Fidel Mendoza CARRASQUILLA ‧ b. ‧ Colombia ‧ 1988~2006 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Hein VERBRUGGEN ‧ b.1941 ‧ NLD ‧ 1996~2006 ‧ 2008:Chairman Coord.Comm. Games XXIX Olympiad Beijing ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Mustapha LARFAOUI ‧ b. ‧ Algeria ‧ 1995~2009 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• He ZHENLIANG ‧ b. ‧ China ‧ 1981~2010 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Fernando Lima BELLO ‧ b. ‧ POR ‧ 1989~2010 ‧ 1968-1972:sailing ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Tamás AJÁN ‧ b. ‧ HUN ‧ 2000~2010 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Walther TRÖGER ‧ b. ‧ GER ‧ 1989~2010 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Manuela Di CENTA ‧ b. ‧ Italy ‧ 1999~2010 ‧ 1984-1998:cross country skiing ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Kipchoge KEINO ‧ b. ‧ Kenya ‧ 2000~2010 ‧ 1964-1972:athletics ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Phillip Walter COLES ‧ b. ‧ Australia ‧ 1982~2012 ‧ 1960-1968:canoeing ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Chiharu IGAYA ‧ b. ‧ Japan ‧ 1982~2012 ‧ 1952-1960:alpine skier ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Shunichiro OKANO ‧ b. ‧ Japan ‧ 1990~2012 ‧ 1968:football ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Arne LJUNGQVIST, prof ‧ b. ‧ Sweden ‧ 1994~2012 ‧ 1952:athletics ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Antun VRDOLJAK ‧ b. ‧ Croatia ‧ 1995~2012 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Lassana PALENFO, Intendant Général ‧ x ‧ Côte d'Ivoire ‧ 2000~2012 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Francisco ELIZALDE ‧ b. ‧ Philippines ‧ 1985~2013 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Alpha Ibrahim DIALLO ‧ b. ‧ Guinea ‧ 1994~2013 ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Carlos Arthur NUZMAN ‧ b. ‧ Brazil ‧ 2000~2013 ‧ 1964:volleyball ‧ 2016: Pres. Org. Comm. Summer Olympics - Rio de Janeiro ‧ ⌘ ‧
• Willem Alexander van ORANJE ‧ b.1967- ‧ HM King of NLD ‧ 1998~2013 ‧ Olympic Order in GOLD ‧ ⌘ ‧

member

• Demetrius VIKELAS ‧ ‧ 1e pres. IOC ‧ ‧
• ...
• Henri de Luxembourg
• Nora von Liechtenstein
• Albert de Monaco
• Anne Windsor
• 1998-2013 :
• 2013-anno : Camiel EURLINGS ‧ F.T. ‧ president KLM ‧ ‧

International Society of Olympic Historians

• info welcome!

specifications

• Summer Olympics ‧ since 1896
• Winter Olympics ‧ since 1924
• Paralympics ‧ 'Parallel Olympics' for disabled sporters ‧ since 1960 ‧
• Stoke Mandeville Games ‧ IWAS ‧ World Wheelchair & Amputee Games ‧ 1948-1960 ‧
• Special Olympics ‧ since 1968 ‧ children & adults with intellectual disabilities ‧

CITIES of HOSPITALITY

NEXT & after RIO de Janeiro

• XXXII : Tokyo ‧ 2020 ‧ Summer Olympics
• XXXxx : ‧ 2018 ‧ Winter Olympics
• XXXI : Rio de Janeiro ‧ 2016 ‧ Summer Olympics

Summer Olympics

• 1896 ‧ GRE-Athens
• 1900 ‧ FRA-Paris
• 1902 ‧ GRE-Athens ‧ un-official
• 1904 ‧ USA-St. Louis
• 1906 ‧ GRE-Athens
• 1908 ‧ UK-London
• 1912 : SWE-Stockholm
• 1916 ‧ GER-Berlin : cancelled-WWI
• 1920 ‧ BEL-Antwerp
• 1924 ‧ FRA-Paris
• 1928 ‧ NED-A'dam
• 1932 ‧ USA-Los Angeles
• 1936 ‧ GER-Berlin
• 1940 ‧ JAP-Tokyo : switched to Helsinki-FIN : cancelled-WWII
• 1944 ‧ UK-London : cancelled-WWII
• 1948 ‧ UK-London
• 1952 ‧ FIN-Helsinki
• 1956 ‧ AUS-Melbourne
• 1956 ‧ SWE-Stockholm
• 1960 ‧ ITA-Rome
• 1964 ‧ JAP-Tokyo
• 1968 ‧ MEX-Mexico City
• 1972 ‧ GER-München
• 1976 ‧ CAN-Montreal
• 1980 ‧ Soviet Union-Moscow
• 1984 ‧ USA-Los Angeles
• 1988 ‧ KOR-Seoul
• 1992 ‧ SPA-Barcelona
• 1996 ‧ USA-Atlanta
• 2000 ‧ AUS-Sydney
• 2004 ‧ GRE-Athens
• 2008 ‧ CHI-Beijing
• 2012 ‧ UK-London
• 2016 ‧ BRA-Rio de Janeiro
• 2020 ‧ JAP-Tokyo
• 2024 : FRA-Paris

Winter Olympics

• 1924 ‧ FRA-Chamonix
• 1928 ‧ SWI-St. Moritz
• 1932 ‧ USA-Lake Placid
• 1936 ‧ GER-Garmisch-Partenkirchen
• 1940 ‧ SWI-St.Moritz : cancelled-WWII
• 1944 ‧ ITA-Cortina d'Ampezzo : cancelled-WWII
• 1948 ‧ SWI-St. Moritz
• 1952 ‧ NOR-Oslo
• 1956 ‧ ITA-Cortina d'Ampezzo
• 1960 ‧ USA-Squaw Valley
• 1964 ‧ AUT-Innsbruck
• 1968 ‧ FRA-Grenoble
• 1972 ‧ JAP-Sapporo
• 1976 ‧ AUT-Innsbruck
• 1980 ‧ USA-Lake Placid
• 1984 ‧ YUG-Sarajevo-until-1988
• 1988 ‧ CAN-Calgary
• 1992 ‧ FRA-Albertville
• 1994 ‧ NOR-Lillehammer
• 1998 ‧ JAP-Nagano
• 2002 ‧ USA-Salt Lake City
• 2006 ‧ ITA-Torino
• 2010 ‧ CAN-Vancouver
• 2014 ‧ RUS-Sochi
• 2018 : South Korea-Pyeongchang
• 2022 : CHI-Beijing

PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

• HOSTS-cities edited with Organisation-Year & Olympics-type ‧
• Continents : AFR-ica ‧ ASIa Pacific ‧ East Asia ‧ EUR-ope Eurasia ‧ Latin AME-rica ‧ Middle East ‧ North Africa ‧ North AMerica ‧
• COUNTRY : see also linked national geni-projects ‧ Capital a/o Host-City ‧ Continent ‧

▢

——A——

• 🇦🇫 AFG: Afghanistan — 🇦🇱 ALB: Albania — 🇩🇿 ALG: Algeria — 🇼🇸 American Samoa — 🇦🇩 AND: Andorra — 🇦🇴 ANG: Angola — 🇦🇬 ANT: Antigua & Barbuda — 🇦🇷 ARG: Argentina — 🇦🇲 ARM: Armenia — 🇦🇺 AUS: Australia — 🇦🇹 AUT: Austria — 🇦🇿 AZE: Azerbaijan —

——B——

• 🇧🇸 BAH: Bahama's — Bahrain — BAN: Bangladesh — BAR: Barbados — BLR: Belarus — BEL: Belgium ‧ Bruxelles~Brussel — Belize — BEN: Benin — BER: Bermuda — BHU: Bhutan — BOL:Bolivia — Bosnia & Herzegovina — BOT: Botswana — BRA: Brazil — British Virgin Islands — BUL: Bulgaria — BUR: Burkina Faso — Burundi —

——C——

• 🇰🇭 CAM: Cambodia ‧ ‧ ▢ CMR:Cameroon ‧ ‧ ▢ CAN:Canada — : Cape Verde ‧ ‧ ▢ Cayman Islands — : Central African Republic ‧ ‧ ▢ CHA:Chad ‧ ‧ ▢ CHI:CHILE ‧ ‧ ▢ CHI:China ‧ 2008: BEIJING summer — : Colombia — Congo ‧ ‧ ▢ DR Congo ‧ ‧ ▢ COK:Cook Islands — : Costa Rica — : Côte d'Ivoire — Croatia — CUB: Cuba — : Cyprus — Czech Republic — ‧

——D——

• 🇩🇰 DEN:Denmark — : Djibouti — : Dominica — : Dominican Republic — ‧

——E——

• 🇪🇨 Ecuador — : Egypt — : El Salvador — : Eritrea ‧ ‧ — EST: ESTONIA — : Ethiopia — ‧

——F——

• 🇫🇯 Fiji — FIN:Finland — FRA: FRANCE ‧ 19-# : Paris ‧ summer ‧ ‧

——G——

• 🇬🇦 Gabon — : Gambia — : Georgia — : GER: GERMANY — : Ghana — : [ Great Britain] ‧ 2012 : LONDON ‧ summer ‧ — : [ GREECE] — : Grenada — : Guam — : Guatemala — : Guinea — : Guinea-Bissau — : Guyana — : ‧

——H——
🇭🇹 Haiti ‧ ‧ ▢ Honduras ‧ ‧ ▢ Hong Kong ‧ ‧ ▢ HUN:Hungary ‧ ‧

——I——
🇮🇸 Iceland ‧ ‧ ▢ India ‧ ‧ ▢ INDONESIA ‧ ‧ ▢ Iran ‧ ‧ ▢ Iraq ‧ ‧ ▢ IRELAND ‧ ‧ ▢ Israel ‧ ‧ ▢ ITALY ‧ ‧

——J——
🇯🇲 Jamaica ‧ ‧ ▢ Japan ‧ ‧ ▢Jordan ‧ ‧

——K——
🇰🇿 KAZ:Kazakhstan ‧ ‧ ▢ Kenya ‧ ‧ ▢ North Korea ‧ ‧ ▢ South Korea ‧ ‧ ▢ Kuwait ‧ ‧ ▢ Kyrgyzstan ‧ ‧

——L——
🇱🇻 LAT:Latvia ‧ ‧ ▢ LIB:Lebanon ‧ ‧ ▢ LES:Lesotho ‧ ‧ ▢ LBR:Liberia ‧ ‧ ▢ LBA:Libya ‧ ‧ ▢ LIE:Liechtenstein ‧ EUR ‧ ▢ LTU:Lithuania ‧ ‧ ▢ LUX:Luxembourg ‧ ‧

——M——
🇲🇬 Madagascar ‧ ‧ ▢ Malaysia ‧ ‧ ▢ Maldives ‧ ‧ ▢ Mali ‧ ‧ ▢ Malta ‧ ‧ ▢ Mauritius ‧ ‧ ▢ Mexico ‧ ‧ ▢ Moldova ‧ ‧ ▢ Monaco ‧ ‧ ▢ Mongolia ‧ ‧ ▢ Montenegro ‧ ‧ ▢ Morocco ‧ ‧ ▢ Mozambique ‧ ‧ ▢ Myanmar ‧ ‧

——N——
🇳🇦 Namibia ‧ ‧ ▢ Nauru ‧ ‧ ▢ NLD:Netherlands ‧ summer: AMSTERDAM 19-? ‧ ‧ ▢ NZL: New Zealand ‧ ‧ ▢ Nicaragua ‧ ‧ ▢ Niger ‧ ‧ ▢ Nigeria ‧ ‧ ▢ NOR:Norway ‧ ‧

——O——
🇴🇲 Oman ‧ ‧

——P——
🇵🇰 PAK:Pakistan ‧ ‧ ▢ Palau ‧ ‧ ▢ Palestine ‧ ‧ ▢ PAN:Panama ‧ ‧ ▢ PNG:Papua New Guinea ‧ ‧ ▢ PAR:Paraguay ‧ ‧ ▢ PER:Peru ‧ ‧ ▢ PHI:Philippines ‧ ‧ ▢ POL:Poland ‧ ‧ ▢ PORTUGAL ‧ ‧ ▢ PUR:Puerto Rico ‧ ‧

——Q——
🇶🇦 QAT:Qatar ‧ ‧

——R——
🇷🇴 ROU:Romania ‧ ‧ ▢ RUS:Russia ‧ ‧ ▢ RWA:Rwanda ‧ ‧

——S——
🇰🇳 Saint Kitts & Nevis ~ ▢ Saint Lucia ~ 🇼🇸Samoa ~ 🇸🇲 San Marino ~ 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia ~ 🇸🇳 Senegal ~ 🇷🇸 Serbia ~ ▢ Seychelles ~ 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone ~ 🇸🇬 Singapore ~ ▢ Slovakia ~ 🇸🇮 Slovenia ~ ▢ Solomon Islands ~ 🇿🇦 SOUTH AFRICA ~ 🇪🇸 SPAIN ~ 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka ~ 🇸🇩 Sudan ~ 🇸🇷 SUR:Suriname ~ 🇸🇪 Sweden ‧ 1912:STOCKHOLM ‧ 19--: STOCKHOLM ~ 🇨🇭 Switzerland ~ ▢ Syria ‧ ‧

——T——

• ▢ Chin. Taipei ~ ▢ Tajikistan ~ 🇹🇿 TAN =Tanzania ~ 🇹🇭 Thailand ~ 🇹🇬 Togo ~ 🇹🇹 Trinidad & Tobago ~ 🇹🇳 Tunisia ~ 🇹🇷 Turkey ~ 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan ~

——U——

• 🇺🇬 Uganda ~ 🇺🇦 Ukraine ~ 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates ~ 🇺🇸 USA-United States of America ‧ winter:ATLANTA ~ 🇺🇾 URU:Uruguay ~ 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan ‧ ‧

——V——

• 🇻🇺 Vanuatu ~ 🇻🇪 Venezuela ~ 🇻🇳 VIETNAM ~ ▢ Virgin Islands ~

——Y——

• 🇾🇪 Yemen ~

——Z——

• ▢ ZAI-Zaire ~ 🇿🇲 ZAM:Zambia ~ 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe ~

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PARTICIPATING SPORTS

Summer

ARCHERY

• Au chapelet ‧ 50m ‧ ♂ ‧ • Au cordon doré ‧ 33m ‧ ♂ ‧ • Au cordon doré ‧ 50m ‧ ♂ ‧ • Continental Style ‧ ♂ ‧ • Double American Round ♂‧ • Double Colombia Round ♀ ‧ • Double F.I.T.A. Round ‧ ♂ ‧ • Double F.I.T.A. Round ♀ ‧ • Double National Round ♀ ‧ • Double York Round ‧ • Fixed Large Bird Target Team ‧ • Fixed Small Bird Target Team ‧ • Fixed Target~Large Birds ♂ ‧ • Fixed Target~Small Birds ♂ ‧ • ♂ 's Individual ‧ • ♂ 's Team ‧ • Moving Bird Target 28m ♂ ‧ • Moving Bird Target ‧ 33m ♂ ‧ • Moving Bird Target ‧ 50m ♂ ‧ • National Round ♀ ‧ • Sur la perche á la herse ♂ ‧ • Sur la perche á la pyramide ♂ ‧ • Team Competition ‧ 28m ♂ ‧ • Team Competition ‧ 33m ♂ ‧ • Team Competition ‧ 50m ♂ ‧ • Team Round ‧ ♂ ‧ • Team Round ‧ ♀ ‧ • ♀'s Individual ‧ • ♀ 's Team ‧ • York Round ♂ ‧ •

ART CONTESTS

Badminton ‧ ‧ * Baseball ‧ ‧ * Basketball ‧ ‧ * Boxing ‧ ‧ *

Canoeing ‧ ‧ * Cricket ‧ ‧ * Croquet ‧ ‧ * Cycling ‧ ‧ *

Diving ‧ ‧

Equestrian ‧ ‧

Fencing ‧ ‧

Golf ‧ ‧ * Gymnastics ‧ ‧ *

Handball ‧ ‧ * Hockey ‧ ‧ *

Jeu de Paume ‧ ‧ * Judo ‧ ‧ *

Lacrosse ‧ ‧ *

Modern Pentathlon ‧ ‧ * Motor Boating ‧ ‧ *

Pelota Basque ‧ ‧ * Polo ‧ ‧ *

Rackets ‧ ‧

Rowing

• Gustav-Ludwig Gossler Germany. Gold medal, coxed fours final B, 1900 Summer Olympics, Paris, France.
• Carl Heinrich Gossler Germany. Gold medal, coxed fours final B, 1900 Summer Olympics, Paris, France.
• Carl Oscar Gossler, II Germany. Gold medal, coxed fours final B, 1900 Summer Olympics, Paris, France.
• Rugby

Sailing ‧ ‧ * Shooting ‧ ‧ * Soccer ‧ ‧ * Softball

Swimming

Synchronised Swimming

• wiki-en
• Duet :
• Team :

Table Tennis ‧ ‧ * Taekwondo ‧ ‧ * Tennis ‧ ‧ * Track & Field ‧ ‧ * Triathlon ‧ ‧ * Tug Of War ‧ ‧ *

Volleyball ‧ ‧ *

Water Polo ‧ ‧ * Weightlifting ‧ ‧ * Wrestling ‧ ‧ *

=

WINTER

• Skiing
  • Alpine Skiing
  • Freestyle Skiing
  • Cross-country Skiing
  • Nordic Skiing
  • Ski Jumping
  • Snowboarding
• Biathlon
• Bobsleigh
  • Bobsleigh
  • Skeleton
• Curling
• Skating
  • Figure Skating
  • Speed Skating
  • Short Track Speed Skating
• Ice Hockey
• Luge

——2024-ViII-28——jM🦉Vu-cum-suis——