Texas Revolution

This project is for those that participated on either side (Mexican or Texian) of the Texas Revolution.

Texas Revolution Overview

• Date(s): October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836
• Location: Texas
• Result: Treaties of Velasco and the formation of the Republic of Texas
• Territorial changes: De facto Texan independence from the centralist Republic of Mexico
• Strength: Texian Rebels ~2,000 vs. Mexican Army of ~6,500
• Casualties: Texian Rebels ~100 wounded vs. 500 wounded Mexicans
• Losses: Texian Rebels ~700 dead vs. 1,000 dead Mexicans

Department of Texas Commanders/Leaders

• General Sam Houston (WIA)
• Colonel James Fannin †KIA (POW @Battle of Coleto Creek; Executed, Goliad Massacre)
• Frank W. Johnson
• Edward Burleson
• Colonel Juan Seguin

Mexico Commanders/Leaders

• General Antonio López de Santa Anna (POW, Battle of San Jacinto)
• Vicente Filisola
• Martín Perfecto de Cos (POW)

Historical Timeline and Order of Battles

1835

• September 1 – Correo-San Felipe Affair. Texian armed schooner San Felipe exchanges fire with and captures Mexican Navy armed schooner Correo de Majica with help of small steamer Laura. Arguably the first shots of the Texas Revolution.
• September 20 – General Martin Perfecto de Cós, lands at Copano,Texas with an advance force of 300 troops and marches toward Goliad.
• September 28 – Albert Martin is selected as Captain of the Gonzales "Old 18" defenders and one of the Immortal 32.
• Juan Seguín, Salvador Flores, Manuel Flores (Seguin's brother-in-law) and a group of Los Béxareños hold a meeting near Floresville, Texas and declare their support and readiness to take up arms in favor of a revolution.
• September 29 – Mexican Lieutenant Francisco de Castañeda and 100 dragoons arrive near Gonzales to force the settlers to return the cannon they had been given in 1831.

Battle of Gonzales Oct. 2, 1835

• Belligerents: Texian Rebels and Mexican Army
• Commanders and leaders: John Henry Moore (Texian) vs. Lieutenant Castañeda
• Strength: 150 members of the Texian Militia vs. 100 Mexican Cavalry ("Dragoons")
• Casualties and losses: Texians - 0 dead vs. Mexicans - 2 dead
• Richard Andrews, a Texian, was wounded in this Battle but he survived.
• Oct. 2 - Cós sends Capt. Manuel Sabriego and twenty-five men to Guadalupe Victoria, Texas to seize their cannon and arrest José María Jesús Carbajal. Alcalde Plácido Benavides leads the militia of Victoria; The Gonzales settlers retained their cannon.
• Colonel James C Neill fired first shot
• Lieutenant Gregorio Pérez and 40 mounted cavalry; a Mexican Private was WIA

Battle of Goliad Oct. 9, 1835 Presidio Nuestra Señora de Loreto de la Bahía

• Belligerents: Texian Rebels vs. Mexican Army
• Commanders and leaders: George Collingsworth (Texian) vs. Juan López Sandoval
• Strength: 125 members of the Texian Militia vs. 50 Mexican Infantry
• Casualties and losses: Texians - 0 KIA, 1 WIA vs. Mexicans - 3 KIA, 1 WIA

Siege of Béxar (Oct. 12- Dec. 11, 1835), San Antonio, Department of Texas

* Result: Texian Victory

• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: Stephen F. Austin; Thomas J. Rusk; Edward Burleson; Ben Milam †KIA; and Frank W. Johnson
• Strength: 600 militia
• Casualties and losses: 35 dead, wounded, captured
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: General Martín Perfecto de Cos; Domingo Ugartechea; Lt. Francisco de Castañeda
• Strength: 1,200
• Casualties and losses: 150 dead, wounded, captured
• Date(s) - Texian Rebels - Mexican
• 12-Oct - 300 men -
• 24-Oct - ~ 750 men
• 28-Oct - ~400 - ~650 men
• 4-Nov - ~ 450 - 700
• 5-Nov - ~ 600-800 -
• 14-Nov - 600
• 24-Nov - 517 men
• 25-Nov - 350
• 30-Nov - 400-500
• 1-Dec - ~570
• 6-Dec - ~ 300
• 8-Dec - - ~1045

Battle of Concepción Oct. 28, 1835

* Result: Texian Victory

• Geographic Coordinates: 29.390318°N 98.491799°W.
• The 30-minute engagement occurred on the grounds of Mission Concepción (Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña), 2 miles (3.2 km) south of present-day Downtown San Antonio, Texas Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an U.S. National Historic Landmark.
• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: James Fannin and James Bowie
• Strength: 90 militia
• Casualties and losses: 1 dead (Richard Andrews).
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: Domingo Ugartechea;
• Strength: 275 Cavalry and Infantry and 2 cannons
• Casualties and losses: 14-76 dead and wounded

Battle of Lipantitlán Nov. 4, 1835 (in San Patricio County, Texas)

Coordinates: 27.965977°N 97.816772°W, The former site of the fort is now a Texas historic site.

• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: Ira Westover
• Strength: 60-70 members of the Texas militia
• Casualties and losses: 1 wounded
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: Nicolás Rodríguez
• Strength: 90 men
• Casualties and losses: 3-5 dead; 14-17 wounded

1836

Matamoros Expedition (Feb. 2, 1836)

Siege of the Alamo (February 23 –March 5, 1836)

• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: Colonel William Barrett Travis
• Strength: 260 members of the Texas militia
• Casualties and losses: 0
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: Antonio López de Santa Anna
• Strength: 1800 men
• Casualties and losses: ?

Battle of the Alamo (March 6, 1836)

• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: Colonel William Barrett Travis KIA; James Bowie KIA
• Strength: 185-200 members of the Texas militia
• Casualties and losses: 185-188 KIA
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: Antonio López de Santa Anna
• Strength: 1800 men
• Casualties and losses: 400-600 KIA

Goliad Campaign

Battle of San Patricio Feb. 27, 1836

• Location: Near San Patricio, Texas
• Result: Mexican Victory
• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: Frank W. Johnson
• Strength: 43 members of the Texas militia
• Casualties and losses: 16 KIA, 21 captured
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: José de Urrea
• Strength: 200 men
• Casualties and losses: 1 KIA, 4 wounded

Battle of Agua Dulce Creek March 2, 1836

• Location: 25 miles (40 km) southwest of San Patricio (in territory belonging to the Tamaulipas, 27°50′51″N 97°50′59″W
• Result: Mexican Victory
• The battle marked the end of the Matamoros Expedition
• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: James Grant † KIA and Placido Benavides
• Strength: 53 members of the Texas militia
• Casualties and losses: 12-15 KIA, 6 captured
• Joseph Carpenter, Texian, WIA, KIA
• POWs were taken to a prison in Matamoros, Tamaulipas
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: José de Urrea
• Strength: 150 men including 80 dragoons
• Casualties and losses: 1 KIA, ? wounded

Battle of Refugio March 12-15, 1836

• Location: near Refugio, Texas
• Result: Mexican Victory
• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: Amon B. King and William Ward
• Strength: 148 members of the Texas militia
• Casualties and losses: 16 KIA, 15 executed, 107 POW, 10 escaped
• Joseph Carpenter, Texian, WIA, KIA
• POWs were taken to a prison in Matamoros, Tamaulipas
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: José de Urrea and Juan José Holzinger
• Strength: 1500 men
• Casualties and losses: ~150 KIA, 50 wounded

Notes (People and Place Locations):

• On the 14th, Texians repelled four assaults, killing 80 – 100 Mexican troops and wounding 50
• Victoriana Guardes, a group of Tejano (native Mexican residents) who supported centralism commanded by Carlos de la Garza
• Port Lavaca
• Mission Nuestra Senora del Refugio
• Esteban Lopez
• William Ward, commanding a group from Peyton S. Wyatt and the Georgia Battalion POW
• Courier James Humphries
• Edward Perry
• On the 15th, King and thirty-two men surrendered. They were returned as prisoners of war to the Refugio Mission.
• On the 16th, fifteen of the Texian/American POWs were executed; King and the remnants of his company, and several of Ward's men.
• Juan José Holzinger, a German-Mexican officer
• Lewis T. Ayers (POW), Francis Dieterich, Benjamin Odlum and eight men from local families were POWs who were spared in order to serve the Mexican army as artisans (blacksmiths, wheelwrights, mechanics).
• Colonel Telesforo Alavez, Mexican Army Officer in charge of Victoria (Señora Francita Alavez also lobbied for the POWs to be spared).
• Fort Defiance (Presidio La Bahía)

Battle of Coleto March 19–20,1836

• Also known as Battle of Coleto Creek, the Battle of the Prairie, and the Batalla del encinal del Perdido
• Location: Goliad County, Texas
• Result: Mexican victory
• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: James Fannin, WIA POW
• Strength: 300 members of the Texas militia and 9 cannons
• Casualties and losses: 16 KIA, 15 executed, 107 POW, 10 escaped
• 10 KIA, 1 Ox, KIA, 60 wounded, 95 POWs
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: José de Urrea
• Strength: 19th: 80 cavalrymen, 260 infantrymen; 20th: 700-1,000 men
• Casualties and losses: 100-200 KIA, WIA, or MIA

Texian force included the , The Red Rovers, The Mustangs commanded by Burr H. Duval, Hugh McDonald Frazer; Frazer's Refugio Militia, Army of the Republic of Texas (Texian regular soldiers) commanded by Ira Westover, and the Mobile Grays

John Shackelford

Albert Clinton Horton's 30 cavalrymen

Abel Morgan's hospital wagon

Dr. Joseph H. Barnard, a Texian, recorded that by sunset seven Texians had been killed. He also recorded that sixty Texians, including Fannin, had been wounded. Forty of the sixty had been wounded several times

The Jiménez Battalion under Colonel Mariano Salas fought the front, and Colonel Gabriel Núñez's cavalry was ordered against the rear of the square.

The document of surrender was signed by Benjamin C. Wallace, Joseph M. Chadwick, and Fannin

Goliad Massacre March 27, 1836 (Palm Sunday)

• Jose Nicolas de la Portilla, Mexican Commander at Goliad
• Captain Carolino Huerta of the Tres Villas Battalion
• Colonel Garay
• On Palm Sunday, March 27, 1836, Fannin and about 340 other Texian prisoners were shot by Mexican soldiers. In addition to Fannin, the victims are listed as follows:
• Major Benjamin C. Wallace, of the Lafayette battalion;
• Adjutant Chadwick (or Shadwick),
• Adjutant J. S. Brooks,
• Sergeant-Major Gideon Rose.
• Lieutenants --?-- Hurst and --?-- Rills, Captain Dunsanque, Samuel Sprague, James Pitman, C. Hardwick, R. E. Petty, Charles Henck and James M. Miller.
• Albert Clinton Horton and 18 of 30 cavalrymen were captured and marched back to Goliad

1. Elias Yeamans,
2. Erastus Yeamans,
3. Ranson O. Graves,
4. Napolean B. Williams,
5. Lewis Powell,
6. Hughes Witt,
7. George Paine,
8. Thomas Dasher,
9. John J. Hand,
10. --?-- Duffield,
11. --?-- Spencer and
12. --?-- Cash.

• William Ward and 55 men from the Georgia Battalion:

1. Major Warren Mitchell, of the Georgia battalion;

• Captain Uriah J. Bullock's Company, the Captain being sick in Velasco; Sergeants Bradford Fowler and Allison Ames; Corporals J. Rufus Munson, T. S. Freeman and G. M. Vigal, Privates Isaac Aldridge, Wm. A. J. Brown, George W. Cumming, Joseph Dennis, --?-- Michael, Devereaux Ellis, Charles Fine, --?-- Gibbs, Perry H. Minor, John O. Moore, John Moat, --?-- McKenzie, Robert A. Pace, Austin Perkins, Samuel Rowe, John S. Scully, Joseph A. Stovall, --?-- Weeks, --?- - Wood, James McCoy and Moses Butler.
• Captain David N. Burke's Company of Mobile Grays, he being absent on leave: Second Lieutenant J. B. Manomy, Sergeants James Kelly and H. D. Ripley, Privates Kneeland Taylor, Charles B. Jennings, P. T. Kissam, John Richards, Orlando Wheeler, John D. Cunningham, Wm. McMurray, John Chew, M. P. King, Jacob Coleman, W. P. Wood, Wm. Stevens, Peter Mattern, Conrad Egenour, G. F. Courtman, James Reid, Wm. Hunter, M. J. Frazier, S. M. Edwards, Wm. J. Green, A. Swords, Z. O'Neill, Charles Linley, Wm. Catlin and Randolph T. Spain.
• Captain Burr H. Duval's Company Burr H. Duval; Lieutenants Samuel Wilson and John Q. Merrifield, Sergeants G. W. Daniell, J. S. Bagley, E. P. G. Chisen (probably Chisholm) and W. Dickerson; Corporals N. B. Hawkins, A. B. Williams, A. H. Lynd and R. C. Brashear; Privates T. G. Allen, J. M. Adams, J. F. Bellows, Wm. S. Carlson, Thomas S. Churchill; Wm. H. Cole, H. M. Dawnman, John Donoho, George Dyer, C. R. Haskell [2], --?-- Johnson, Q. P. Kimps, A. G. Sermond, William Mayer, J. McDonald, Wm. Mason, Harvey Martin, Robert Owens, R. R. Rainey, L. S. Simpson, --?-- Sanders, L. Tilson, B. W. Toliver (Teliaferro?), J. Q. Valckner, --?-- Batts, --?-- Woolrich and Wm. Waggoner.
• Captain Wiley Hughes and Daniel B. Brooks, Sergeants Anthony Bates, John S. Thorn and Wesley Hughes; Corporals John M. Kimble, Walter W. Davis, Abraham Stephens, J. M. Powers, and --?-- Ray, Privates John Aldridge, John M. Bryson, Michael Carroll, Thomas H. Carbys, John Ely, George Eubanks, Dominic Gallagher, Wilson Holmes, Grier Lee, Joseph Loring, Alexander J. Loverly, Martin Moran, Watkins Nobles, John M. Oliver, Patrick Osborne, Wm. Parvin, Gideon S. Ross, Anderson Ray, Thomas Rumley, Wm. Shelton, James Smith, Christopher Winters, Harrison Young, Josiah B. Beall, John Bright and H. Shultz.
• Captain Tichenor's Company, he being absent: Lieutenants Memory B. Tatom and Wm. A. Smith, Sergeants Edmund Patterson and Richard Rutledge, Corporals Joseph B. Tatom, Perry Reese and Thomas Rieves, Musician Thomas Weston; Privates John McGowen, David Johnson, Samuel Wood, Isaac N. Wright, Wm. L. Allsion, Washington Mitchell, Stephen Baker, Henry Hasty, James A. Bradford, Cornelius Rooney, Seaborne A. Mills, Cullen Conrad, James O. Young, Edward Fitzsimons, Hezekiah Fist, O. F. Leverette, Wm. Comstock, John O'Daniell, Charles Lantz, Evans M. Thomas, A. M. Lynch, G. W. Carlisle, Leven Allen, Jesse Harris, --?-- Swords, --?-- Williams and Wm. P. B. Dubose.
• Captain Pettus' Company, the San Antonio Grays, the Captain being absent Lieutenant John Grace (brother of the subsequent Catholic bishop of Minnesota), Sergeants E. S. Heath, --?-- James and Samuel Riddell; Privates C. J. Garriere, Allen O. Kenney, Joseph P. Riddle, F. H. Gray, George Green, Charles Sergeant, --?-- Cazart, Wm. G. Preusch, John Wood, Dennis Mahoney, Noah Dickinson, George M. Gilland, --?-- Wallace, Wm. Harper, Edward Moody, --?-- Escott, Manuel Carbajal (a Mexican), R. J. Scott, --?-- Gould, W. P. Johnson, A. Bynum, --?-- Hodges, Charles Phillips, James West, J. M. Cass, --?-- Logan and --?-- Perkins.
• Captain [Dr.] Jack Shackleford's Company of Red Rovers: Sergeants F. S. Shackleford [the captain's nephew], Arthur G. Goley, Z. H. Short, Corporals H. H. Gently, D. Moore, J. H. Barkley and A. Winter; Privates P. H. Anderson, Joseph Blackwell, B. F. Burts, Thoams Burnbridge, J. M. Ramhill, W. C. Douglass, J. W. Cain, Harvey Cox, Seth Clark, J. G. Coe, Alfred Dorsey, G. L. Davis, H. B. Day, A. Dickson, J. W. Duncan, R. T. Davidson, J. E. Ellis, Samuel Farney, Robert Fenner, E. B. Franklin, Joseph Ferguson, M. C. Gower, D. Gamble, William Gutner, J. E. Grimes, Wm. Hemphill, John Eiser, John Jackson, W. H. Jones, John N. Jackson, John Kelly, Daniel A. Murdock, Charles W. Kinley, J. H. Miller, J. N. Seaton, W. J. Shackleford [the captain's son], B. Strunk, W. F. Savage, W. E. Vaughn, James Vaughn, Robert Wilson, James Wilder, Wm. Quinn and Henry L. Douglas.
• Captain Wadsworth's Company, he being absent: Lieutenants Thomas B. Ross and J. L. Wilson, Sergeants S. A J. Mays and Samuel Wallace, Corporals J. S. Brown and J. B. Murphy, Privates William Abercrombie, T. B. Barton, J. H. Clarks, W. J. Cowan, J. A. Foster, F. Gilkerson, Wm. Gilbert, J. H. Moore, C. C. Milne, J. B. Rodgers, R. Slatter, J. H. Sanders, W. S. Tuberville and E. Wingate.
• Captain Ira Westover's Company: [Consisting primarily of Irish volunteers from Refugio and San Patricio] Second Lieutenant Lewis W. Gates, Sergeants Wm. S. Brown, George McKnight and John McGloin, Privates Augustus Baker, Mathew Byrne, John Cross, John Fagan, Wm. Harris, John Kelly, Dennis McGowan, Patrick Nevin, Thomas Quirk, Edmund Ryan, Thomas Smith, E. J. A. Greynolds, Daniel Buckley, Marion Betts, G. W. Goglan, Matthew Eddy, Robert English, John Gleeson, Wm. Hatfield, John Hilchard, Charles Jenson, Wm. Mann, John Numlin, Stephen Pierce, Sidney Smith, Daniel Syers, Lewis Shotts, Charles Stewart, Joseph W. Watson, James Webb, William Winningham, Antonio Siley and John James.
• Captain Peyton S. Wyatt's Company, he being on a leave of absence: Second Lieutenant Oliver Smith, Sergeants Wm. Wallace, George Thaver and Wilkins, Quartermaster Olvier Brown; Musician Peter Allen, Privates Gabriel Bush, Ewing Caruthers, N. Dembrinske, Henry Dixon, T. B. Frizell, I. H. Fisher, Edward Fuller, Frederic Gebinrath, James Hamilton, E. D. Harrison, --?-- Kortickey, C. Nixon, --?-- Clennon, J. F. Morgan, F. Petreiswich, Wm. S. Parker, Charles Patton, John R. Parker, Wm. R. Simpson, Frederic Sweman and Allen Wrenn.

*Survivors

• 28 men of the Texian POWs feigned death and escaped, including Herman Ehrenberg, (who later wrote an account of the massacre) and William Lockhart Hunter. John C. Duval [who later lived in Austin], John Holliday, --?-- Sharpe, C. B. Shaine, --?-- Holland, David J. Jones, Wm. Brennan, John Reese, Milton Irish, F. M. Hunt, Samuel T. Brown, J. H. Neely, Bennett Butler, Thomas Kemp, N. J. Devenny, Isaac D. Hamilton, Z. S. Brooks, Dillard Cooper [who later lived in Hays County], Daniel Martindale, Wm. Hadden, Charles Smith, Nat Hazen, Wm. Murphey, John Williams, Joseph Fenner [son of Robert Fenner], and Rufus Munson [a Georgia youth; often incorrectly listed as being among the slain].
• John Shackelford and 19 more men were spared to act as doctors, interpreters, or workers: Dr. Joseph H. Barnard, Dr. James Fields, John Vanbiber, Benjamin Oldum [Oldham?], --?-- Derrick, George Voss, Peter Griffin, J. H. Barnwell, John T. Spillers, Thomas Stewart, Wm. L. Wilkerson, J. Bridgeman, James H. Callahan [later a captain], Josiah McSherry, E. Durrain, Joseph Cramble, Thomas Harvey, John C. P. Kennymoore, Nicholas B. Waters, W. Welsh, John Lumpkin, A. M. Boyle, George Pittuck [father of A. A. Pittuck], Wm. Rosenberry, Alvin E. White, Joseph M. Spohn, Francisco Garcia, Capt. Wm. Shurlock and Benjamin Franklin Hughes (?-1892, Dallas)
• 75 soldiers of William Parsons Miller and the Nashville Battalion were captured on March 20 and marched in on March 23. They were kept separate from the other prisoners, as they had been unarmed and surrendered without a fight. They were marched to the Matamoros Prison
• William Ward's Men who escaped:

1. David I. Holt,
2. F. Davis,
3. Joseph Andrews,
4. Wm. S. Butler,
5. Samuel G. Hardaway,
6. I. T. Pease,
7. --?-- Trezevant,
8. Aaron S. Mangum,
9. Reason Banks,
10. Allen Ingram,
11. M. K. Moses,
12. H. Rogers,
13. Samuel C. Pitman (or Pelman),
14. James C. Greene,
15. George Rounds,
16. C. F. Hick,
17. B. T. Bradford,
18. J. D. Rains,
19. Perry Davis,
20. H. G. Hudson,
21. W. Simpson, and
22. Nathaniel R. Brister.

Surrendering with Colonel Ward and released after the Battle of San Jacinto: Thomas J. Smith [who died in 1890 at Fort Bend], H. Mordecai [Jewish; killed on 9 August 1840 by Indians], Pierce Hammock, Thomas Harry, Dr. Lampkin, Ed. Patterson (or Pattison), A. J. Hitchcock.

• Colonel Francis W. Johnson, Toler, Love and Miller Samuel W. McKneeley was captured at San Patricio but escaped several months later with Reuben W. Brown; A. H. Osborne was wounded in Refugio and escaped.

Battle of San Jacinto April 21, 1836

• Location: Near modern La Porte, Texas
• Result: Decisive Texian Victory
• Texian Rebels Commanders and leaders: Sam Houston, WIA; Thomas J. Rusk (WIA); James C. Neill (WIA); Mirabeau Lamar; Sidney Sherman
• Strength: 910 members of the Texas militia and 2 cannons
• Casualties and losses: 11 KIA, 30 wounded
• Méxican Army Commanders and leaders: Antonio López de Santa Anna (POW); Juan Almonte (POW); Martín Perfecto de Cos (POW); Manuel Fernández Castrillón †(KIA)
• Strength: 1360 men and 1 cannon
• Casualties and losses: 650 KIA, 208 WIA, 300 POW

Sources

• Castaneda, H.W. (1970). The Mexican Side of the Texas Revolution. Texas: Graphic Ideas. ASIN B003M0PG1S
• Davis, William C. (2006), Lone Star Rising, College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, ISBN 9781585445325 originally published 2004 by New York: Free Press
• Edmondson, J.R. (2000). The Alamo Story-From History to Current Conflicts. Plano, TX: Republic of Texas Press. ISBN 1-55622-678-0.
• Groneman, Bill (1990). Alamo Defenders, A Genealogy: The People and Their Words. Austin, TX: Eakin Press. ISBN 0-89015-757-X.
• Hardin, Stephen L. (1994). Texian Iliad – A Military History of the Texas Revolution. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-73086-1. OCLC 29704011.
• Huffines, Alan C. (2005), The Texas War of Independence 1835–1836: From Outbreak to the Alamo to San Jacinto, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-522-8
• Long, Jeff (1990). Duel of Eagles: The Mexican and U.S. Fight for the Alamo. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-688-07252-0.
• Mexican Texas on Wikipedia
• Nofi, Albert A. (1994), The Alamo and the Texas War of Independence, September 30, 1835 to April 21, 1836: Heroes, Myths, and History, New York: Da Capo Press, p. 94, ISBN 978-0-938289-10-4
• Roell, Craig H. (2013), Matamoros and the Texas Revolution, Denton, TX: Texas State Historical Association, p. 70, ISBN 978-0-87611-260-1.
• Scott, Robert (2000), After the Alamo, Plano, TX: Republic of Texas Press, ISBN 9781556226915
• Spanish Texas on Wikipedia
• Stuart, Jay (2008). Slaughter at Goliad: The Mexican Massacre of 400 Texas Volunteers. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-843-2.
• de la Teja, Jesus F. (1997). "The Colonization and Independence of Texas: A Tejano Perspective". In Rodriguez O., Jaime E.; Vincent, Kathryn. Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in U.S.–Mexican Relations. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc. ISBN 0-8420-2662-2.
• Texas Revolution on Wikipedia

Further Reading

• Bradle, William R. (2007). Goliad: The Other Alamo. Pelican Pub Co. ISBN 978-1-58980-457-9.
• Hopewell, Clifford (1998). Remember Goliad: Their Silent Tents. NetLibrary. ISBN 978-0-585-29456-8.
• Pruett, Jakie L.; Cole, Everett B. (1985). Goliad Massacre: A Tragedy of the Texas Revolution. Eakin Press. ISBN 978-0-89015-476-2.
• Stout, Jay A. (2008). Slaughter at Goliad: The Mexican Massacre of 400 Texas Volunteers. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-843-2.
• Wharton, Clarence; Barnard, Joseph Henry (1968). Remember Goliad: A Rollcall of Texas Heroes. Rio Grande Press.