Iam from Haplogroup H

Can somebody help ?

What does this mean : HVR1: 16068C, 16288C, 16362C

My HVR1 differences from CRS
16293G
16311C

From NatGeo where I had this done "The mitochondrion sequenced in 1981 became known as the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS) and has been used as a basis for comparison with your mtDNA. In other words, any place in your mtDNA where you have a difference from the CRS, is characterized as a mutation. if your results show no mutations at all, it means that your mtDNA matches the CRS. A mutation happens a) when a base replaces another base - for example a C (Cytosine) replaces an A (Adenine), b) when a base is no longer in that position and c) when a new base is inserted between the other bases without replacing any other.

So Louise to answer your question, 263G is the marker that makes us haplogroup H the others are where you differ from the CRS so 16519C means you have a C (Cytosine) replacing an A (Adenine) on 16519

The bottom of this page shows the CRS
http://www.boone-dna.com/mtdna_results.htm
and @Louise Bertha Martin the second part of your numbers are the HRV2 code while 16519C is the HRV1 code

Jadra, I'm going back through old messages today. Did you ever get an answer to your question?

No

Okay, Jadra. I'll give it a shot.

There are two testing regions on the mtDNA molecule. They are called HVR1 and HVR2. HVR stands for Hyper-Variable Region. HVR1 locations are numbered 16001-16568. HVR2 locations are numbered 001-574.

The CRS is the Cambridge Reference Sequence. It's just an arbitrary baseline that lets geneticists report mutations by referring only to the differences.

So, your results show your differences from CRS: 16068C, 16288C, 16362C. The numbers are the location in the HVR. These are all in HVR1 (locations number 16001-16568). Everywhere except these three locations your DNA in HVR1 is the same as the CRS.

The letters after the numbers are the actual mutations. DNA is composed of a chain of four possible nucleotides: A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine) and G (guanine). These letters tell you that you have C (cytosine) at all three of these locations. The CRS has something else there - probably guanine, but you'd have to look it up to know.

After going through all this mumbo jumbo, the only thing that really matters is that your mutations are in HVR1 are 16068C, 16288C, 16362C. This mutations can be used to predict what maternal haplogroup you belong to. If you had an additional test on HVR2, you would get a clearer result for your haplogroup.

Hope this helps. Let me know what you questions you have. I know you're a science person, so you're not going to let me get by with just giving an easy answer ;)

Justin
I know all of that, sorry ( this could be a good inclusion in a primer)
I also have HvR 2
The problem for me is that I cant figure out which subclade is the closest

Jadra,

This info is slated for the mtDNA Haplogroups projects. We'll get there.

http://www.geni.com/projects/mtDNA-Haplogroups

At your level of understanding, the following tree might be helpful:

http://www.geni.com/projects/mtDNA-Haplogroups

This will show you the current phylogeny.

An easier format for some people will be the table at Eupedia:

http://www.eupedia.com/europe/european_mtdna_haplogroups.shtml

This suggests that H8 might be a good projection. The defining mututions for H8 are 146, 195, 709, 13101, 16162 (not always present), 16288, 16362. You have 16288 and 16362. You don't know about 709 or 13101 (which are in the Coding Region) or about 146, 195 or 709 (which are in HVR2).

You should understand that the classifications change with each new study. Even when made by reputable scientists, it is always a best guess based on current data. The defining mutations change, and the problem is often complicated by the fact that some mutations that should be present have mutated again to change back.

I've been through three or four different classifications starting with U5b and ending up (so far) as V2.

Jadra,

Looking for material that might help you, I found this:

http://wiki.hmtdna.org/doku.php/results/h8/helena

Thanks, this helps, it confirms what I thought was the case

Next question, dear teacher, is:
How do number of mutations translate to relations beetwen people?

I read that too, my summary is that H8 is rarely find in Europe and not well researched or they have not done enough testing on this subgroup?

Jadra! I think I'm the student here not the teacher. I feel like I'm back in biology class being tested on how well I mastered the material. I don't think I'm doing too badly for a humanities geek ;)

It's harder to date mtDNA mutations than it is to date, say STR mutations on the y chromosome. They seem to be able to come up with broad guesses for H itself, and for some of its subclades, but not for individual mutations. So, if you match someone else with the exact mutations, you don't know how old they are - only that you match.

I can give a personal example from V2. I belong to a subclade with a few dozen other people, all of whom share two of the same mutations, and all of whom have British ancestry. That's as good as it gets. We don't know how long ago our common ancestor might have lived, or even if there was only one common ancestor with those two mutations.

Further, I have another mutation the others don't have. There is no way to know how old that mutation is, partly because no one else has it. One of the other people in our group has a female line ancestor who might have been a fairly close relative of my female line ancestor. There is some evidence they might have come to America from the same part of Ireland. But, we don't know. It's not an exact match. The extra mutation could have developed in my branch some time after our families came to America, or it could be thousands of years old.

H8 is said to be rare in Europe, but I don't think there are enough samples to know why. One theory I found is that it was spread by the Golden Horde. If so, that might be how it came to the Balkans and ultimately to you.

Seriously, I am not testing you. I just needed to be sure.
One more question and then I will let you go. It looks like there is a match with somebody but I cant see any information on how we have been matched? I cant see any details about the person, except the name, where her ancestors was from and that she was online last time in 2008.

I'm having fun, Jadra. Indulge me a little if I claim you're testing me ;)

It sounds like the person you match with has not agreed to make her information public. A lot of people do that, not understanding that they will not gain anything except by comparing information. The match (I'm guessing) comes from the testing company knowing that you have the same mutations.

Have you checked for matches at mitosearch.org to see if your matched entered any data there? Some people do, some don't, but when they do it's a great way to cut across testing companies and find more matches.

You might enjoy this link. It mentions H8 a few times.

http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/handle/10062/782/Roostalu.p...

This document is adressing number of my Q's - thanks

@Patricia Etchells

I am totally confused I am H39 which is apparently rare (MTDNA) with a number of differences can anyone help me decode....or any matches.....Many Thanks

Patricia, it's usually difficult to know anything useful about specific mtDNA groups. yDNA groups are more likely to be concentrated in a particular area than mtDNA groups. Probably because so much of our European pattern has been that sons remain close to the family homestead while women join their husband's family.

H39 is a rare group, but it's spread all across Europe and into North Africa (as are most European mtDNA groups).

A match with someone else who is H39 could be thousands or even tens of thousands of years ago.

The most practical way to approach it is to use it as a filter. If you find someone who might belong to your same female line but they are not H39 then you know one of you has a problem with the paper trail. If you find someone who is a match, do a quick check to see if there are any chances the two of you might connect in the records.

It's possible you'll encounter a more elaborate situation, where there is a man along your female line who had more than one wife, and you're not sure which children belong to which wife. If you know you're a female line descendant of one wife, you might be able to use mtDNA results to figure out some of the other children -- obviously just the daughters. Few of us get that lucky in our own lines ;)

Many thanks Justin, I know most of my family way back with just one 2x Gt Grandfather missing.....my Direct Line are all, I believe, still in the UK, I am not aware of any multiple marriages, unless this one man married twice.

On Mum's side my Grandmother was born Lunt, which I believe is from Scandinavia, but I have very few matches on FTDNA on the H39 but some are from that region......I am very confused by it all...Many thanks....Pat

My mtdna is Hvr1,hvr2 plus coding region =H,my ydna is R1bM343PF6242 help pls