H (mtDNA)

For people who have tested and are assigned the maternal haplogroup H or who are believed to have had that maternal haplogroup based on descendants tested.

Defining Mutations

G2706A and T7028C

Origin

Haplogroup H has an estimated age of about 25,000 to 30,000 years. In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Helena. It is the most common haplogroup in Europe; about half of all people with European origin belong to this group.

Distribution

FromNatGEO: "Mitochondrial haplogroup H is a predominantly European haplogroup that originated outside of Europe before the last glacial maximum (LGM). It first expanded in the northern Near East and southern Caucasus between 33,000 and 26,000 years ago, and later migrations from Iberia suggest it reached Europe before the LGM. It has also spread to Siberia and Inner Asia. Today, about 40% of all mitochondrial lineages in Europe are classified as haplogroup H."

Subclades of H

• H (mtDNA)
  • H1 (mtDNA)
    • H1c (mtDNA)
      • H1c1 (mtDNA)
    • H1f (mtdna)
      • H1f1 (mtdna)
  • H2a2 (mtDNA)
  • H3 (mtDNA)
    • H3b1 (mtDNA)
      • H3b1b1 (mtDNA), Complete list of the oldest carriers on Geni.
  • H5 (mtDNA)
  • H11 (mtDNA)
    • H11a (mtDNA)
    • H11b1 (mtDNA)
  • H44 (mtDNA)
    • H44b (mtDNA)
  • H64
  • H69 (mtDNA)

There are currently 100s of defined subclades of H. For the defining SNPs see mtDNAcommunity or Phylotree.org. People with haplogroup H will normally need a Full Sequence test (FMS) to find their subgroup of H.

Famous Members

• Alexandra (1872-1918), Empress of Russia
• Estrid Svendsdatter (c997-10y4), Danish Queen
• Marie Antoinette (1755-1793), Queen of France
• Napoléon I (1769-1821), Emperor of the French
• Prince Philip (1921- ), Duke of Edinburgh
• Sweyn II (c1022-1074), King of Denmark

How to Participate

To participate in this project, join or follow the project, add your oldest known ancestor in the direct maternal line who belonged to this haplogroup. The profile must be set to public in order to add it.

Resources

• Ancient Eurasian DNA
• DNA Haplogroups, mtDNA Phylogenetic Tree - Haplogroup H
• Eupedia, Haplogroup H & V (mtDNA)
• Genographic Project, Haplogroup H (mtDNA)
• mtDNA H Haplogroup Project
• Phylotree.org, van Oven's phylotree to study which mutations define which subclades
• Wikipedia Haplogroup H(mtDNA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2656

National Library of Medicine mtDNA Haplogroup H Confirms That the Franco-Cantabrian Glacial Refuge Was a Major Source for the European Gene Pool