http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livia

Livia Drusilla

Birth and first marriage to Tiberius Claudius Nero

• She was born on 30 January 59 or 58 BC[2] as the daughter of Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus by his wife Aufidia, a daughter of the magistrate Marcus Aufidius Lurco.

Spouse

1. Tiberius Claudius Nero
2. Augustus

Issue

1. Tiberius
2. Nero Claudius Drusus

• Father Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus
• Mother Aufidia
• Born 30 January 58 BC
• Died AD 29 (aged 87) Rome
• Burial Mausoleum of Augustus

Descendants

Although her marriage with Augustus produced only one child, which she later miscarried, through her sons by her first husband, Tiberius and Drusus, she is a direct ancestor of all of the Julio Claudian emperors as well as the vast majority of the extended Julio-Claudian imperial family. The line possibly continued for at least another century after the dynasty's downfall through the son and grandson of Livia's great-great-granddaughter Rubellia Bassa (see below); however, it is unknown whether or not this line was continued or if it went extinct.

• 1. Tiberius, 42 BC - AD 37, had 2 children
  • A. Drusus Julius Caesar, 13 BC - AD 23, had three children
    • I. Julia, AD 5 - AD 43, had 4 children
      • a. Gaius Rubellius Plautus, 33 - 62, had several children[29]
      • b. Rubellia Bassa, born between 33 and 38, had at least 1 child[30]
        • i. Octavius Laenas, had at least 1 child
          • i. Sergius Octavius Laenas Pontianus
      • c. Gaius Rubellius Blandus
      • d. Rubellius Drusus
    • II. Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero Gemellus, 19 - 37 or 38, died without issue
    • III. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Germanicus II Gemellus, 19 - 23, died young
  • b. Tiberillus, died young
• 2. Drusus 38 BC - AD 9, had three children
  • A. Germanicus, 16 BC or 15 BC - AD 19, had 6 children
    • I. Nero Caesar, 6 - 30, died without issue
    • II. Drusus Caesar, 7 - 33, died without issue
    • III. Caligula, 12 - 41, had 1 child;
      • a. Julia Drusilla, 39 - 41, died young
    • IV. Agrippina the Younger, 15 - 59, had 1 child;
      • a. Nero, 37 - 68, had 1 child;
        • i. Claudia Augusta, Jan. 63 - April 63; died young
      • V. Julia Drusilla, 16 - 38, died without issue
      • VI. Julia Livilla, 18 - 42, died without issue
  • B. Livilla, 13 BC - AD 31, had three children
    • I. - III. see children of Drusus Julius Caesar listed above[31]
  • C. Claudius, 10 BC - AD 54, had 4 children
    • I. Claudius Drusus, died young
    • II. Claudia Antonia, c. 30 - 66, had 1 child
      • a. a son, died young
    • III. Claudia Octavia, 39 or 40 - 62, died without issue
    • IV. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, 41 - 55, died without issue

------------------------------ Livia Drusa Augusta, Livia Drusilla o Julia Augusta ( 28 de septiembre 57 a. C. — 29 d.C.), segunda esposa de Augusto. Hija de Marco Livio Druso Claudiano y su esposa Alfidia. Su madre, Alfidia, era hermana de Aufidio Lurco. En el 42 a. C. su padre se suicidó en Filipos junto con Casio y Bruto, los asesinos de Julio César, que fueron derrotados por Octaviano y Marco Antonio.

En el 42 a. C., su padre la casó con Tiberio Claudio Nerón, su primo, de condición patricia, que luchaba con él en el lado de los asesinos de Julio César contra Octavio. Su padre se suicidó en la batalla de Filipos, junto con Gayo Casio Longino y Marco Junio Bruto, y su marido a continuación sigue luchando contra Octavio, ahora en nombre de Marco Antonio y de su hermano. En 40 a. C., la familia se vio obligada a huir de Italia con el fin de evitar las Octavian proscripciones, y se unió con Sexto Pompeyo en Sicilia, después de pasar a Grecia.

La familia sobrevivió a la persecución y se encontró con Augusto en el 39 a. C. En aquellos momentos, Livia ya tenía un hijo, el futuro emperador Tiberio, y estaba embarazada del segundo, Druso el Mayor. La leyenda cuenta que Augusto se enamoró fulminantemente de ella, pues pasaba por ser una de las mujeres más bellas de su tiempo, y que se casaron un día después de que sus divorcios fueran anunciados. Aparentemente, Tiberio Claudio Nerón estuvo de acuerdo en ello y fue a la boda. La importancia del papel de los Claudios en la política de Augusto y la supervivencia política de Tiberio Claudio Nerón parecen las explicaciones más racionales para esta tempestuosa unión.

De cualquier modo, el matrimonio entre Livia y Augusto se mantuvo durante los siguientes 52 años, a pesar del hecho de que no tuvieron hijos, y ella siempre disfrutó del privilegio de ser la consejera de confianza de su esposo.

Durante su tiempo, Livia gozó de la popularidad del pueblo romano. Para ser más que la "mujer bonita", como se describe en los textos antiguos, Livia se sirve de la imagen pública de la idealización de las cualidades femeninas romanas, una figura maternal, y, finalmente, una diosa como la representación que alude a su virtud. Livia, que simboliza el poder en la renovación de la República con las mujeres y virtudes que muestra en público, tuvo un efecto espectacular en la representación visual del futuro imperial de la mujer como ideal de honorables madre y esposa romana, aunque después ha sido sospechosa del envenenamiento de muchos de estos personajes, entre ellos del de su hijastra Julia. "Se escuchó el rumor de que cuando Marcelo, sobrino de Augusto, murió en el 23 a. C., no fue por muerte natural, y que detrás de esto se encontraba Livia" (Dión Casio) 55.33.4). Uno por uno, todos los hijos de Julia y Marco Vipsanio Agripa habían muerto prematuramente: en primer lugar y, a continuación, Lucio y Cayo, a quienes Augusto ha adoptado como hijos, con la intención que fueran sus sucesores. Por último Póstumo Agripa, el menor, a quien Octavio había adoptado como hijo, también fue encarcelado por conspiración y finalmente muerto. Tácito y Dión Casio mencionan en sus obras estos rumores, pero Suetonio no hace mención de los mismos, ni hay pruebas suficientes para darlos por válidos.

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livia_Drusilla#Su_matrimonio_con_Augusto

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IID: I6869 Name: Livia Drusilla Given Name: Livia Surname: Drusilla Sex: F _UID: AA0B2AFA5118D811BE490080C8C142CC4942 Change Date: 16 Nov 2003 Birth: ABT 58 BC Death: 29

Marriage 1 GAIUS @ OCTAVIAN JULIUS CAESAR b: 23 SEP 63 BC Married:

Marriage 2 Tiberius Claudius Nero b: 63 BC Married: Children

Nero Claudius Germanicus Drusus b: 38 BC

Forrás / Source: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jdp-fam&i...

Livia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Livia Drusilla Spouse Augustus Issue Drusus Tiberius

Father Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus Mother Aufidia

Born 58 B.C Died 29 A.D Livia Drusilla, after 14 AD called Julia Augusta (Classical Latin: LIVIA•DRVSILLA, IVLIA•AVGVSTA[1]) (58 BC-29 AD) was the wife of Augustus and one of the most powerful women in the Roman Empire, being Augustus' faithful advisor. She was also mother to Drusus and Tiberius, grandmother to Germanicus and Claudius, great-grandmother to Caligula and Agrippina the Younger and great-great-grandmother to Nero. She was deified by Claudius who acknowledged her title of Augusta.

Life [edit] Birth and first marriage She was born on 30 January 59 or 58 BC[2] as the daughter of Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus by his wife Aufidia, a daughter of the magistrate Marcus Aufidius Lurco. The diminutive Drusilla often found in her name suggests that she was a second daughter.[3] Marcus Livius Drusus was her brother. In 40 B.C her father married her to Tiberius Claudius Nero, her cousin of patrician status who was fighting with him on the side of Julius Caesar's assassins against Octavian. Her father committed suicide in the Battle of Philippi, along with Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, but her husband continued fighting against Octavian, now on behalf of Mark Antony and his brother. In 40 BC, the family was forced to flee Italy in order to avoid Octavian's proscriptions, and joined with Sextus Pompeius in Sicily, later moving on to Greece.[4]

[edit] Life with Augustus A general amnesty was announced, and Livia returned to Rome, where she was personally introduced to Octavian in 39 BC. At this time, Livia already had a son, the future emperor Tiberius, and was pregnant with the second (Drusus the Elder). Legend said that Octavian fell immediately in love with her, despite the fact that he was still married to Scribonia.[5] Octavian divorced Scribonia in 39 BC, on the very day that she gave birth to his daughter Julia the Elder (Cassius Dio).[6] Seemingly around that time, when Livia was six months pregnant, Tiberius Claudius Nero was persuaded or forced by Octavian to divorce Livia. On 14 January, the child was born. Octavian and Livia married on 17 January, waiving the traditional waiting period. Tiberius Claudius Nero was present at the wedding, giving her in marriage "just as a father would."[7] The importance of the patrician Claudii to Octavian's cause, and the political survival of the Claudii Nerones are probably more rational explanations for the tempestuous union. Nevertheless, Livia and Octavian remained married for the next 51 years, despite the fact that they had no children apart from a single miscarriage. She always enjoyed the status of privileged counselor to her husband, petitioning him on the behalf of others and influencing his policies, an unusual role for a Roman wife in a culture dominated by the paterfamilias.[5]

After Mark Antony's suicide following the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Octavian had removed all obstacles to his power and henceforth ruled as Emperor, from 27 BC on, under the honorary title Augustus. He and Livia formed the role model for Roman households. Despite his wealth and power, Augustus and his family continued to live modestly in their house on the Palatine Hill. Livia would set the pattern for the noble Roman matrona. She wore neither excessive jewelry nor pretentious costumes, she took care of the household and her husband (often making his clothes herself), always faithful and dedicated. In 35 BC Octavian gave Livia the unprecedented honour of ruling her own finances and dedicated a public statue to her. She had her own circle of clients and pushed many protégés into political offices, including the grandfathers of the later emperors Galba and Otho.[5]

With Augustus being the father of only one daughter (Julia the Elder by Scribonia), Livia revealed herself to be an ambitious mother and soon started to push her own sons, Tiberius and Drusus, into power.[5] Drusus was a trusted general and married Augustus's favourite niece, Antonia Minor. Tiberius married Augustus' daughter Julia in 11 BC and was ultimately adopted by his stepfather in 4 BC and named as Augustus' heir.

Rumor had it that when Marcellus, nephew of Augustus, died in 23 BC, it was no natural death, and that Livia was behind it.[8] After the two elder sons of Julia by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, whom Augustus had adopted as sons and successors, had died, the one remaining son Agrippa Postumus was incarcerated and finally killed. Tacitus charges that Livia was not altogether innocent of these deaths[9] and Cassius Dio also mentions such rumours,[10] but not even the gossipmonger Suetonius, who had access to official documents, repeats them. Most modern historical accounts of Livia's life discount the idea. There are also rumors mentioned by Tacitus and Cassius Dio that Livia brought about Augustus' death by poisoning fresh figs.[11][12] Augustus' granddaughter was Julia the Younger. Sometime between 1 and 14, her husband Paullus was executed as a conspirator in a revolt.[13] Modern historians theorize that Julia's exile was not actually for adultery but for involvement in Paulus' revolt.[14] Livia Drusilla plotted against her stepdaughter's family and ruined them. This led to open compassion for the fallen family. Julia died in 29 AD on the same island where she had been sent in exile twenty years earlier.[15]

[edit] Life after Augustus Augustus died in AD 14, being deified by the senate shortly afterwards. In his will, he left one third of his property to Livia, and the other two thirds to the successor Tiberius. In the will, he also adopted her into the Julian family, thus turning her into a patrician, and granted her the honorific title of Augusta. These dispositions permitted her to maintain her status and power after his death, under the name of Julia Augusta.

For some time, Livia and her son Tiberius, the new Emperor, appeared to get along with each other. Speaking against her became treason in AD 20, and in AD 24 he granted his mother a theatre seat among the Vestal Virgins. Livia exercised unofficial but very real power in Rome. Eventually, Tiberius became resentful of his mother's political status, particularly against the idea that it was she who had given him the throne. At the beginning of the reign he vetoed the unprecedented title Mater Patriae ("Mother of the Fatherland") that the Senate wanted to bestow upon her, in the same manner in which Augustus had been named Pater Patriae ("Father of the Fatherland").[5] (Tiberius also consistently refused the title of Pater Patriae for himself.)

The historians Tacitus and Cassius Dio depict an overweening, even domineering dowager, ready to interfere in Tiberius’ decisions, the most notable instances being the case of Urgulania, a woman who correctly assumed that her friendship with the empress placed her above the law,[16][17] and Plancina, suspected of murdering Germanicus and saved at Livia’s entreaty.[18] A notice from AD 22 records that Julia Augusta dedicated a statue to Augustus in the centre of Rome, placing her own name even before that of Tiberius. Ancient historians give as a reason for Tiberius’ retirement to Capri his inability to endure her any longer.[16][19] Until AD 22 there had, according to Tacitus, been "a genuine harmony between mother and son, or a hatred well concealed;"[20] Dio tells us that at the time of his accession already Tiberius heartily loathed her.[21] In AD 22 she had fallen ill, and Tiberius had hastened back to Rome in order to be with her.[20] But in AD 29 when she finally fell ill and died, he remained on Capri, pleading pressure of work and sending Caligula to deliver the funeral oration.[22][23][24] Suetonius adds the macabre detail that "when she died... after a delay of several days, during which he held out hope of his coming, [she was at last] buried because the condition of the corpse made it necessary...". Divine honours he also vetoed, stating that this was in accord with her own instructions. Later he vetoed all the honours the Senate had granted her after her death and canceled the fulfillment of her will.[24]

It would not be until 13 years later in AD 42, under the reign of her grandson Claudius, that all her honours would be restored and her deification finally completed. Named Diva Augusta (The Divine Augusta), she received an elephant-drawn chariot to convey her image to all public games. A statue of her was set up in the temple of Augustus along with her husband's, races were held in her honour, and women were to invoke her name in their sacred oaths.

Her Villa ad Gallinas Albas north of Rome is currently being excavated; its famous frescoes of imaginary garden views may be seen at National Museum of Rome.[25] One of the most famous statues of Augustus - the Augustus of Prima Porta came from the grounds of the villa.

[edit] Livia's personality While reporting various unsavoury hearsay, the ancient sources generally portray Livia (Julia Augusta) as a woman of proud and queenly attributes, faithful to her imperial husband, for whom she was a worthy consort, forever poised and dignified. With consummate skill she acted out the roles of consort, mother, widow and dowager. Dio records two of her utterances: "Once, when some naked men met her and were to be put to death in consequence, she saved their lives by saying that to a chaste woman such men are in no way different from statues. When someone asked her how she had obtained such a commanding influence over Augustus, she answered that it was by being scrupulously chaste herself, doing gladly whatever pleased him, not meddling with any of his affairs, and, in particular, by pretending neither to hear or nor to notice the favourites of his passion."[26]

With time, however, and widowhood, a haughtiness and an overt craving for power and the outward trappings of status came increasingly to the fore. Livia had always been a principal beneficiary of the climate of adulation that Augustus had done so much to create, and which Tiberius despised ("a strong contempt for honours", Tacitus, Annals 4.37). In 24, typically, whenever she attended the theatre, a seat among the Vestals was reserved for her (Annals 4.16), and this may have been intended more as an honour for the Vestals than for her (cf. Ovid, Tristia, 4.2.13f, Epist.Ex Ponto 4.13.29f).

Livia played a vital role in the formation of her children Tiberius and Drusus. Attention focuses on her part in the divorce of her first husband, father of Tiberius, in 39/38 BC. It would be interesting to know her role in this, as well as in Tiberius’ divorce of Vipsania Agrippina in 12 BC at Augustus' insistence: whether it was merely neutral or passive, or whether she actively colluded in Caesar’s wishes. The first divorce left Tiberius a fosterchild at the house of Octavian; the second left Tiberius with a lasting emotional scar, since he had been forced to abandon the woman he loved for dynastic considerations.

[edit] Livia in literature and popular culture [edit] Livia in ancient literature In Tacitus' Annals, Livia is depicted as having great influence, to the extent where she "had the aged Augustus firmly under control — so much so that he exiled his only surviving grandson to the island of Planasia".

Livia's image appears in ancient visual media such as coins and portraits. She was the first woman to appear on provincial coins in 16 BC and her portrait images can be chronologically identified partially from the progression of her hair designs, which represented more than keeping up with the fashions of the time as her depiction with such contemporary details translated into a political statement of representing the ideal Roman woman. Livia's image evolves with different styles of portraiture that trace her effect on imperial propaganda that helped bridge the gap between her role as wife to the emperor Augustus, to mother of the emperor Tiberius. Becoming more than the "beautiful woman" she is described as in ancient texts, Livia serves as a public image for the idealization of Roman feminine qualities, a motherly figure, and eventually a goddesslike representation that alludes to her virtue. Livia's power in symbolizing the renewal of the Republic with the female virtues Pietas and Concordia in public displays had a dramatic effect on the visual representation of future imperial women as ideal, honorable mothers and wives of Rome. [27]

[edit] Livia in modern literature In the popular fictional work I, Claudius by Robert Graves--based on Tacitus' innuendo—Livia is portrayed as a thoroughly wicked, scheming political mastermind. Devoted to bringing Tiberius to power and then maintaining him there, she is involved in nearly every death or disgrace in the Julio-Claudian family up to the time of her death. However, this portrait of her is balanced by her intense devotion to the well-being of the Empire as a whole. In the 1976 BBC television series based on the book, Livia was played by Siân Phillips. Phillips won a BAFTA for her portrayal of the role.

In the ITV television series The Caesars, Livia was played by Sonia Dresdel.

A heavily fictionalized version of Livia appeared on the show Xena: Warrior Princess, played by Adrienne Wilkinson.

Livia is also dramatized in the HBO/BBC series Rome. Introduced in the 2007 episode "A Necessary Fiction", Livia (Alice Henley) soon catches the eye of young Octavian, who has never been married or fathered any children. Historically, of course, Octavian had already been married to and divorced Clodia Pulchra by this time, and was married to a pregnant Scribonia. Rome does acknowledge the existence of Livia's child, Tiberius Nero, by her first husband, but not that she was pregnant with Nero Claudius Drusus when she met Octavian. Livia is portrayed as deceptively submissive in public, while in private she possesses an iron will, and a gift for political scheming that matches Atia's.

Livia appears in Neil Gaiman's comic "Distant Mirrors - August" collected in The Sandman: Fables and Reflections.

In John Maddox Roberts's short story "The King of Sacrifices," set in his SPQR series, Livia hires Decius Metellus to investigate the murder of one of Julia's lovers.

In Antony and Cleopatra by Colleen McCullough, Livia is portrayed as a cunning and effective advisor to her husband, whom she loves passionately.

Livia plays an important role in two Marcus Corvinus mysteries by David Wishart, Ovid (1995) and Germanicus (1997). She is mentioned posthumously in Sejanus (1998).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livia

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Definition: Livia was the first empress of Rome, the wife of the first emperor, Augustus, and mother of the second emperor, Tiberius (42 B.C. - A.D. 37). Livia (Julia) was long-lived and very influential.

Livia Drusilla (58 B.C. - A.D. 29), the daughter of Marcus Livius Drusus Claudius, married Tiberius Claudius Nero, her cousin, when she was 15 or 16. She was already the mother of the future emperor, Tiberius Claudius Nero, and pregnant with Nero Claudius Drusus (38 B.C. - 9 B.C.) when Octavian, who needed the political connections of Livia's family, arranged for her to be divorced. They then married on January 17, 38. Drusus and Tiberius lived with their father until his death in 33 B.C.

Octavian, who became the Emperor Augustus in 27 B.C., honored his wife with statues and public displays. However, instead of naming Drusus or Tiberius as heirs, he acknowledged his grandchildren Gaius and Lucius, sons of his daughter Julia by his previous marriage to Scribonia.

When, by 4 A.D., his grandsons had both died, Augustus had to look elsewhere. He wanted to name Germanicus, son of Livia's son Drusus, as his successor, but he was too young. Tiberius was Livia's favorite, and Augustus finally turned to him, with provision made for Tiberius to adopt Germanicus as his heir.

Augustus died in 14 A.D. According to his will Livia became a part of his family and was entitled to be called Julia Augusta from then on.

Julia Augusta exerted strong, but unwelcome influence on her son Tiberius. After the emperor Tiberius left Rome, he would not even return for her funeral in 29 A.D.

Julia Augusta was deified by her grandson Claudius in A.D. 41.

Also Known As: Livia Drusilla, Julia Augusta

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livia

Born : 57 BC

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Born : 57 BC

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Born : 57 BC

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Born : 57 BC - - Died : 029

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Buried in Mausoleum of Augustus Campus Martius Rome Italy

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http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livia_Drusilla

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livia

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Noteringar

Livia skilde sig från Tiberius för att gifta sig med kejsaren Augustus. Augustus adopterade den blivande Kejsaren Tiberius.

Dotter till Livius Drusus Claudianus.

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Note: Daughter of M. Livius Drusus, consul b. c. 112, and sister of M. Livius Drusus, the celebrated tribune of the plebs, who was killed B. c. 91. [See the genealogical table, Vol. I. p. 1076.] She was married first to'Ml Porcius Cato, by whom she had Cato Uticensis (Cic. Brut. 62; Val. Max. iii. 1. § 2 ; Aur. Vict. de Vir. Ill 80..; Plut. Cat. Min. i. 2), and subsequently to Q. Servilius Caepio, by whom she had a daughter, Servilia, who was the mother of M. Brutus, who killed Caesar. (Plut. Brut. 2, Caes. 62, Cat. Min. 24.) Some writers suppose that Caepio was her first husband, and Cato her second. [Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology II:788] 1 2

Birth: ABT 122 BC in Latium 2

Death: 91 BC

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Kejsarinna Livia Drusella av Romarriket

Blev högst 86 år.

Född: 57 f.Kr.

Död: 29

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Familj med Quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero av Romarriket (85 f.Kr. - 33 f.Kr.)

Vigsel: mellan 43 f.Kr. och 42 f.Kr.

Barn:

Tiberius I Claudius Nero av Romarriket (42 f.Kr. - 37)

Nero Claudius Germanicus Drusus av Romarriket (38 f.Kr. - 9 f.Kr.)

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Familj med Kejsare Gaius Octavius Augustus av Romarriket (63 f.Kr. - 14)

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Noteringar

Livia skilde sig från Tiberius för att gifta sig med kejsaren Augustus. Augustus adopterade den blivande Kejsaren Tiberius.

Dotter till Livius Drusus Claudianus.

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iNFO FROM http://www.genealogy4u.com/genealogy/getperson.php?personID=I52764&...

Livia Drusilla was born in 38 B.C. to Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus. She married Tiberius Claudius Nero, her cousin, and bore her first child, Tiberius Claudius Nero. While pregnant with her second son, she was forced to marry Octavius due to political reasons. She served Octavius well, being faithful for the entirety of their marriage, which lasted until Octavius' death in 14 A.D. Her life-long goal was to have one of her sons become emperor. One son, Drusus Claudius Nero, died during a war, although Livia may have poisoned him herself. Her first son, Tiberius Clausius Nero, became emperor when Octavius died and willed him the position. Livia had succeeded through much persuasion and a marriage arrangement of Tiberius and Julia, Octavian's daughter. Julia, however, was unfaithful to Tiberius, and he divorced her and sent her into exile. Livia stood by Tiberius and helped him gain public support, although his wife had nearly cost him his powers. Livia was supportive and loving until her death in 29 A.D.

GIVEN_NAMES: Also shown as Livia

BIRTH: Also shown as Born 0060 BC

DEATH: Also shown as Died 0029 BC

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16870305536220233. Livia Drucilla Julia Augusta ROMAN EMPIRE,1601,1746 daughter of Marcus Livius Drusus Claudius ROMAN EMPIRE and Unknown, was born in 58 B.C. in Rome, Roma, , Lazio, Italy and died in 29 in Rome, Roma, , Lazio, Italy at age 87.

General Notes:

Livia Drusilla was originally married to Tiberius Claudius Nero until the Emperor Augustus forced him to divorce her to become his own wife. Political marriages of this type were common during the Republic and early empire. Livia was a member of the powerful Claudian family and the new emperor needed her wealth and influence to establish his position. Livia had two sons from her previous marriage, Nero Claudius Drusus and Tiberius Claudius Nero, who later became Emperor Tiberius. Drusus was a popular military figure but was killed by a fall from his horse while on maneuvers in the Summer of A.D. 9.

Livia was an intelligent and efficient administrative helper to her new husband who had his hands full consolidating his power while maintaining the appearance of not doing so at all costs. In spite of the political nature of their marriage, Augustus and Livia loved each other deeply. With his dying words, the emperor asked his wife of fifty-two years to remember their life together. The imperial couple had had no children together and Augustus' elder stepson, Tiberius, was the one to inherit the throne after the death of Augustus.

Livia continued to exert her influence over her son Tiberius until her death in A. D. 29 at the age of 85 years. It was probably because of her political acumen and ability to watch out for her son t hat the problems with the praetorian prefect Sejanus did not occur until two years before her death.

Livia married Tiberius Claudius Nero ROMAN EMPIRE 1601 in <B.C. 38, Palace Augustus, Roma, Italy>. Tiberius was born in Lugdunum, Roma, , Lazio, Italy.

Livia next married Augustus Gaius Julius Octavius ROMAN EMPIRE Emperor,1601 son of Senator-Praetor & Governor of Macedonia Caius Octavius IV ROMAN EMPIRE and Atia Balbus ROMAN EMPIRE. Gaius was born on 23 September 63 B.C. in Roma, , Italy and died 19 August 14 in Nola, Abadia A Isola, , , Italy. Other names for Gaius were Gaius Julius Caesar ROMAN EMPIRE, Gaius Octavius ROMAN EMPIRE, and Octavius ROMAN EMPIRE.

The child from this marriage was:

                     i.  Julia "The Older" ROMAN EMPIRE. 

http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mgholler/Caden/a5...

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Livia Drusilla, (after 14 AD she was called Julia Augusta born (58 BC-29 AD) was the wife of Augustus and one of the most powerful women in the Roman Empire, being Augustus' faithful advisor. She was also mother to Drusus and Tiberius, grandmother to Germanicus and Claudius, great-grandmother to Caligula and Agrippina the Younger and great-great-grandmother to Nero. She was deified by Claudius who acknowledged her title of Augusta. Life Birth and first marriage: She was born on 30 January 59 or 58 BC as the daughter of Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus by his wife Aufidia, a daughter of the magistrate Marcus Aufidius Lurco. The diminutive Drusilla often found in her name suggests that she was a second daughter. Marcus Livius Drusus was her brother. In 40 B.C her father married her to Tiberius Claudius Nero, her cousin of patrician status who was fighting with him on the side of Julius Caesar's assassins against Octavian. Her father committed suicide in the Battle of Philippi, along with Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, but her husband continued fighting against Octavian, now on behalf of Mark Antony and his brother. In 40 BC, the family was forced to flee Italy in order to avoid Octavian's proscriptions, and joined with Sextus Pompeius in Sicily, later moving on to Greece. Life with Augustus: A general amnesty was announced, and Livia returned to Rome, where she was personally introduced to Octavian in 39 BC. At this time, Livia already had a son, the future emperor Tiberius, and was pregnant with the second (Drusus the Elder). Legend said that Octavian fell immediately in love with her, despite the fact that he was still married to Scribonia. Octavian divorced Scribonia in 39 BC, on the very day that she gave birth to his daughter Julia the Elder (Cassius Dio). Seemingly around that time, when Livia was six months pregnant, Tiberius Claudius Nero was persuaded or forced by Octavian to divorce Livia. On 14 January, the child was born. Octavian and Livia married on 17 January, waiving the traditional waiting period. Tiberius Claudius Nero was present at the wedding, giving her in marriage "just as a father would." The importance of the patrician Claudii to Octavian's cause, and the political survival of the Claudii Nerones are probably more rational explanations for the tempestuous union. Nevertheless, Livia and Octavian remained married for the next 51 years, despite the fact that they had no children apart from a single miscarriage. She always enjoyed the status of privileged counselor to her husband, petitioning him on the behalf of others and influencing his policies, an unusual role for a Roman wife in a culture dominated by the paterfamilias. After Mark Antony's suicide following the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Octavian had removed all obstacles to his power and henceforth ruled as Emperor, from 27 BC on, under the honorary title Augustus. He and Livia formed the role model for Roman households. Despite his wealth and power, Augustus and his family continued to live modestly in their house on the Palatine Hill. Livia would set the pattern for the noble Roman matrona. She wore neither excessive jewelry nor pretentious costumes, she took care of the household and her husband (often making his clothes herself), always faithful and dedicated. In 35 BC Octavian gave Livia the unprecedented honour of ruling her own finances and dedicated a public statue to her. She had her own circle of clients and pushed many protégés into political offices, including the grandfathers of the later emperors Galba and Otho. With Augustus being the father of only one daughter (Julia the Elder by Scribonia), Livia revealed herself to be an ambitious mother and soon started to push her own sons, Tiberius and Drusus, into power. Drusus was a trusted general and married Augustus's favourite niece, Antonia Minor. Tiberius married Augustus' daughter Julia in 11 BC and was ultimately adopted by his stepfather in 4 BC and named as Augustus' heir. Rumor had it that when Marcellus, nephew of Augustus, died in 23 BC, it was no natural death, and that Livia was behind it. After the two elder sons of Julia by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, whom Augustus had adopted as sons and successors, had died, the one remaining son Agrippa Postumus was incarcerated and finally killed. Tacitus charges that Livia was not altogether innocent of these deaths and Cassius Dio also mentions such rumours, but not even the gossipmonger Suetonius, who had access to official documents, repeats them. Most modern historical accounts of Livia's life discount the idea. There are also rumors mentioned by Tacitus and Cassius Dio that Livia brought about Augustus' death by poisoning fresh figs. Augustus' granddaughter was Julia the Younger. Sometime between 1 and 14, her husband Paullus was executed as a conspirator in a revolt. Modern historians theorize that Julia's exile was not actually for adultery but for involvement in Paulus' revolt. Livia Drusilla plotted against her stepdaughter's family and ruined them. This led to open compassion for the fallen family. Julia died in 29 AD on the same island where she had been sent in exile twenty years earlier. Life after Augustus: Augustus died in AD 14, being deified by the senate shortly afterwards. In his will, he left one third of his property to Livia, and the other two thirds to the successor Tiberius. In the will, he also adopted her into the Julian family, thus turning her into a patrician, and granted her the honorific title of Augusta. These dispositions permitted her to maintain her status and power after his death, under the name of Julia Augusta. For some time, Livia and her son Tiberius, the new Emperor, appeared to get along with each other. Speaking against her became treason in AD 20, and in AD 24 he granted his mother a theatre seat among the Vestal Virgins. Livia exercised unofficial but very real power in Rome. Eventually, Tiberius became resentful of his mother's political status, particularly against the idea that it was she who had given him the throne. At the beginning of the reign he vetoed the unprecedented title Mater Patriae ("Mother of the Fatherland") that the Senate wanted to bestow upon her, in the same manner in which Augustus had been named Pater Patriae ("Father of the Fatherland").[5] (Tiberius also consistently refused the title of Pater Patriae for himself.) The historians Tacitus and Cassius Dio depict an overweening, even domineering dowager, ready to interfere in Tiberius’ decisions, the most notable instances being the case of Urgulania, a woman who correctly assumed that her friendship with the empress placed her above the law, and Plancina, suspected of murdering Germanicus and saved at Livia’s entreaty. A notice from AD 22 records that Julia Augusta dedicated a statue to Augustus in the centre of Rome, placing her own name even before that of Tiberius. Ancient historians give as a reason for Tiberius’ retirement to Capri his inability to endure her any longer. Until AD 22 there had, according to Tacitus, been "a genuine harmony between mother and son, or a hatred well concealed;" Dio tells us that at the time of his accession already Tiberius heartily loathed her. In AD 22 she had fallen ill, and Tiberius had hastened back to Rome in order to be with her. But in AD 29 when she finally fell ill and died, he remained on Capri, pleading pressure of work and sending Caligula to deliver the funeral oration. Suetonius adds the macabre detail that "when she died after a delay of several days, during which he held out hope of his coming, [she was at last] buried because the condition of the corpse made it necessary. "Divine honours he also vetoed, stating that this was in accord with her own instructions. Later he vetoed all the honours the Senate had granted her after her death and canceled the fulfillment of her will. It would not be until 13 years later in AD 42, under the reign of her grandson Claudius, that all her honours would be restored and her deification finally completed. Named Diva Augusta (The Divine Augusta), she received an elephant-drawn chariot to convey her image to all public games. A statue of her was set up in the temple of Augustus along with her husband's, races were held in her honour, and women were to invoke her name in their sacred oaths. Her Villa ad Gallinas Albas north of Rome is currently being excavated; its famous frescoes of imaginary garden views may be seen at National Museum of Rome. One of the most famous statues of Augustus - the Augustus of Prima Porta came from the grounds of the villa. Livia's personality While reporting various unsavoury hearsay, the ancient sources generally portray Livia (Julia Augusta) as a woman of proud and queenly attributes, faithful to her imperial husband, for whom she was a worthy consort, forever poised and dignified. With consummate skill she acted out the roles of consort, mother, widow and dowager. Dio records two of her utterances: "Once, when some naked men met her and were to be put to death in consequence, she saved their lives by saying that to a chaste woman such men are in no way different from statues. When someone asked her how she had obtained such a commanding influence over Augustus, she answered that it was by being scrupulously chaste herself, doing gladly whatever pleased him, not meddling with any of his affairs, and, in particular, by pretending neither to hear or nor to notice the favourites of his passion." With time, however, and widowhood, a haughtiness and an overt craving for power and the outward trappings of status came increasingly to the fore. Livia had always been a principal beneficiary of the climate of adulation that Augustus had done so much to create, and which Tiberius despised "a strong contempt for honours". In 24, typically, whenever she attended the theatre, a seat among the Vestals was reserved for her, and this may have been intended more as an honour for the Vestals than for her. Livia played a vital role in the formation of her children Tiberius and Drusus. Attention focuses on her part in the divorce of her first husband, father of Tiberius, in 39/38 BC. It would be interesting to know her role in this, as well as in Tiberius’ divorce of Vipsania Agrippina in 12 BC at Augustus' insistence: whether it was merely neutral or passive, or whether she actively colluded in Caesar’s wishes. The first divorce left Tiberius a fosterchild at the house of Octavian; the second left Tiberius with a lasting emotional scar, since he had been forced to abandon the woman he loved for dynastic considerations. Livia in literature and popular culture: Livia in ancient literature In Tacitus' Annals, Livia is depicted as having great influence, to the extent where she "had the aged Augustus firmly under control — so much so that he exiled his only surviving grandson to the island of Planasia". Livia's image appears in ancient visual media such as coins and portraits. She was the first woman to appear on provincial coins in 16 BC and her portrait images can be chronologically identified partially from the progression of her hair designs, which represented more than keeping up with the fashions of the time as her depiction with such contemporary details translated into a political statement of representing the ideal Roman woman. Livia's image evolves with different styles of portraiture that trace her effect on imperial propaganda that helped bridge the gap between her role as wife to the emperor Augustus, to mother of the emperor Tiberius. Becoming more than the "beautiful woman" she is described as in ancient texts, Livia serves as a public image for the idealization of Roman feminine qualities, a motherly figure, and eventually a goddesslike representation that alludes to her virtue. Livia's power in symbolizing the renewal of the Republic with the female virtues Pietas and Concordia in public displays had a dramatic effect on the visual representation of future imperial women as ideal, honorable mothers and wives of Rome.