Moshko Itskovich Blank

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Moshko Itskovich Blank

Russian: Мойше Ицкович Бланк
Also Known As: "Мойша (в кр. Дмитрий) Ицкович Бланк"
Birthdate:
Birthplace: Starokostyantyniv, Khmel'nyts'ka oblast, Ukraine
Death: circa 1846 (79-96)
Immediate Family:

Son of Itsyk Blank
Husband of Mariam Blank
Father of Abel Moisevich Blank; Aleksander Dmitrievich Blank; Anna Blank; Catherine Blank and Maria Blank

Occupation: мещанин-торговец
Мітка: В 1835 году принял крещение и имя Дмитрий как у кресного отца
Managed by: Olav Linno Poëll
Last Updated:

About Moshko Itskovich Blank

Бланка, Мойша ИцковичBlank, Moshko Itskovich (Moshe, Moishe)

  • c. 1758, 1759, 1763.
  • ~ Dmitri.
  • † 1846 >

Moshe was a tavern keeper and merchant, a citizen of Poland who lived in Starokostiantyniv, near Zhitomir in Ukraine. Arutyunov (1999) argues that a protocol for Novohrad-Volynskyi magistrate—№ 394, 1795-04-29—comments that Moshkov (Movshev, Moshe) Itskovich is a city philistine of the Starokostiantyniv Novohrad-Volynskyi district. He also rented a plot of land in Novohrad-Volynskyi where he grew chicory. The sons were sent to secular Russian school—instead of traditional religious Jewish cheder—which could be considered uncommon in those days.

Moshe had quarrelsome nature and characteristically, the majority of the documents in which he appears—is either in denunciations, complaints against him or in material litigations. Most of Moshe's life story is known through the documents related to his complicated feud with the local qahal. In 1803, the qahal accused Moshe of stealing hay; in 1805, they accused him of selling cheaper ordinary vodka as a more expensive "fruit vodka" brand. The official courts cleared Moshe on both counts. In 1806, Moshe, in turn, accused the qahal of shielding local Jews from taxes and their children from conscription into the Russian Army. In 1808, 22 local Jews accused Moshe of an arson that destroyed or damaged many houses in Starokostiantyniv, including the Blanks' own house. Some researchers believe that the arson charges were true and that Blank indeed was a pyromaniac, while other consider the charges as a false report done as a revenge for his reports. In 1809, Novohrad-Volynskyi magistrate cleared Blank from the arson charges, but the family had by then moved to Zhytomyr.

Robert Service (2000:18) explains the Jewish connection like this:

"Moshko's militancy was extraordinary. He called upon the Ministry of the Interior to prevent Jews in general from praying for the coming of the Messiah and to oblige them to pray for the health of the Emperor and his family.[7] In short, Moshko Blank was an anti-semite. This point deserves emphasis. Several contemporary writers in Russia have argued that Lenin's Jewish background predetermined his ideas and behaviour. The writers in question tend towards anti-semitic opinions.[8] But, in trying to pursue a Russian nationalist agenda by an emphasis upon the Jewish connections of Lenin, they avoid the plain fact that Moshko Blank was an enemy of Judaism and that no specific aspect of their Jewish background remained important for his children.[9]"

In August 1816, Blank wrote a letter to the Emperor Nicholas complaining that he is persecuted by the qahal because of his fight for the true Judaism free from what he saw as superstitions and nationalistic excesses. The letter was intercepted by the local administration and was not delivered to the addressee. In November 1816, Moshe sued his son Abel, alleging that his son had beaten and verbally abused him over a monetary dispute—Moshe promised to pay some dowry after Abel's marriage but changed his mind. Abel was arrested and threatened with exile to Siberia, but eventually after Blanks neighbors gave the best possible character assessment to the son and the worst possible to the father, Abel was cleared from the charges and instead, Moshe was fined for the false report.

Both sons Abel and Srul eventually went to Saint Petersburg and converted to Christianity. The godfathers were senator Dmitry Baranov and the privy counsellor, count Alexander Apraksin. From the former they also got their new patronymic. This circumstance allowed them into the Saint Petersburg Medico-Surgical Academy in 1820, from which they graduated four years later.

In 1825, Moshe finally won his litigation with the Starokostiantyniv Jews; he received more than 15 thousand roubles distributed among the 22 plaintiffs as a compensation for his losses, while 11 of the plaintiffs were imprisoned for libel. The lucky turn of the litigation was probably influenced by the powerful godfathers of Moshe's sons.

On 1 January 1845, at the age of 86, Moshe also converted to Christianity.—By other accounts, even earlier, in 1844 (Petrovskiĭ-Shtern, 2010). He was baptized Dmitri, probably matching the patronymics of his sons. He wrote letters to the Emperor Nicholas I—there are known letters of 1845-06-07 and 1846-09-18—acknowledging that he had broken with the Jews 40 years ago but could only convert after the death of his "very religious wife". In his letters, he advocated to significantly tighten the limitation for the religious Jews: to forbid prayers for the coming of moshiach, instead requiring every Saturday for prayer to the tsar and his family; to forbid Hasidic Judaism and the visiting of Jewish houses by rabbis; to forbid non-Jews employed by Jews to work on Saturdays, etc. According to Moshe, the new requirements would greatly increase conversion of the Jews and would make government payments of 30 roubles to each convert unnecessary.

There is no information of the final years of Moshe and Melamed (2003) notes that probably the most unique thing about the Ukrainian archives detailing the ancestors of Lenin, is that they survived the "raid" arranged by the authorities there in 1965 at all".

------------------------------

References

  • Arutyunov, Akim Armenakovich. Dossier of Lenin without retouch. Documents. Facts. Testimonies. (Russian Edition). Moscow: Вече (Veche), 1999.
  • Melamed, Efim. (2003-10) “Отректись иудейской веры“, Vestnik : The Journal of Russian and Asian Studies, Vol. 332 № 21. www.vestnik.com http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2003/1015/win/melamed.htm (In Russian)
  • Petrovskiĭ-Shtern, Ĭokhanan. Lenin's Jewish Question. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.
  • Rodovid, s.v. “ruЗапись:42655” (accessed January 19, 2011).
  • Service, Robert. Lenin: a biography. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-674-00828-6

https://blog.nli.org.il/converted/

О Мойше Ицковиче Бланке (русский)

Моше Ицкович Бланк, родился, видимо, в 1763 году. Первое упоминание о нем содержится в ревизии 1795 года, где среди мещан города Староконстантинова Волынской губернии под номером 394 записан Мойшка Бланк. Откуда появился он в здешних местах - неизвестно. Впрочем... Несколько лет тому назад известный библиограф Майя Дворкина ввела в научный оборот любопытный факт. Где-то в середине 20-х годов архивист Юлиан Григорьевич Оксман, занимавшийся по заданию директора Ленинской библиотеки Владимира Ивановича Невского изучением родословной Ленина, обнаружил прошение одной из еврейских общин Минской губернии, относящееся якобы к началу XIX века, об освобождении от подати некоего мальчика, ибо он является «незаконным сыном крупного минского чиновника», а посему, мол, община платить за него не должна. Фамилия мальчика была - Бланк. По словам Оксмана, Невский повез его к Каменеву, а затем втроем они явились к Бухарину. Показывая документ, Каменев буркнул: «Я всегда так думал». На что Бухарин ему ответил: «Что вы думаете - неважно, а вот что будем делать?» С Оксмана взяли слово, что он никому не скажет о находке. И с тех пор этого документа никто не видел.
Итак, документ обнаружен где-то около 1925 года. Спустя 45 лет, в 1970 году, Оксман все-таки рассказал о нем итальянскому историку Франко Вентури. При этом присутствовал В. В. Пугачев, который спустя 25 лет, в 1995 году, опубликовал в Саратове свой рассказ о данном факте. Если Пугачев действительно запомнил дату документа точно, то никакого отношения к Моше Бланку вся эта история не имеет. В начале XIX века он был уже не мальчиком, а вполне зрелым мужем. Но надо учитывать и возможность того, что в многократный пересказ вкралась хронологическая неточность и мы имеем дело с «испорченным телефоном».
Так или иначе, но появился Моше Бланк в Староконстантинове будучи уже взрослым и в 1793 году женился на местной 29-летней девице Марьям (Марем) Фроимович. Из последующих ревизий видно, что Моше Бланк читал как по-еврейски, так и по-русски, имел собственный дом, занимался торговлей и плюс к тому у местечка Рогачево арендовал 5 моргов земли, которые засевал цикорием.
В 1794 году у него родился сын Аба (Абель), а в 1799-м - второй сын Сруль (Израиль). В. В. Цаплин отмечает, что с самого начала у М. И. Бланка не сложились отношения с местной еврейской общиной. Он был «человеком, который не хотел или, может быть, не умел находить общий язык со своими соплеменниками». Иными словами, община его просто возненавидела. И после того как в 1808 году во время пожара, а возможно и поджога, дом Бланка сгорел, семья переехала в Житомир.
Много лет спустя, в сентябре 1846 года, М. И. Бланк написал письмо императору Николаю I, из которого видно, что уже «40 лет назад» он «отрекся от Евреев», но из-за «чрезмерно набожной жены», скончавшейся в 1834 году, принял христианство и получил имя Дмитрия лишь 1 января 1835 года.

http://leninism.su/books/3571-vladimir-lenin-vybor-puti-biografiya....

  • Melamed, Efim. (2003-11) “О еврейских предках Ленина“, Sem40. 2003. www.sem40.ru
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Moshko Itskovich Blank's Timeline

1758
1758
Starokostyantyniv, Khmel'nyts'ka oblast, Ukraine
1794
1794
1801
January 1, 1801
Starokostiantyniv, Khmelnitskaya Oblast, Ukraine
1835
January 1, 1835
Age 77
1846
1846
Age 88
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