Psamtek I Wahibre, Pharaoh of Egypt

Psammetikhos I was the first ruler of the 26th Dynasty , though his reign overlaps that of the 25th Dynasty. This is often referred to as the Saite period in Egyptian history, named for the power center of the Delta. It was not until Psammetikhos' ninth regnal year that he completely control Egypt. His birth name was Psamtik I, but he was known as Psammetichus I by the Greeks. His thrown name was Wah-ib-re, meaning "Constant is the Heart of Re" (Horus Name: Aib, Nebty Name: Neba, Bik-nub Name: Qenu).

Some Egyptologists place the 26th Dynasty in to Third Intermediate Period of Egypt's history, while others place it in the Late Period. Certainly, when Psammetikhos began his rule of Egypt, things were still chaotic, with various rulers claiming power. But Psammetikhos would consolidate his rule over Egypt, and reign for about a half a century, returning Egypt to stability.

Left: Psammetikhos I performing ritual

Both Psammetikhos I and his father, Necho I of Sais were originally involved with an intrigue associated with the Kushite ruler, Taharqo against Assyria, but were then captured, held and indoctrinated by the Assyrians. Psammetikhos I was even given the Assyrian name, Nabu-shezibanni, before finally being returned to Egypt where his father assumed power in the Delta.

Upon the death of Necho in 664, Psammetikhos was recognized by his Assyrian overlords as King of Egypt, but this was a title at first without substance. He had rule over Memphis and Sais, but mostly the country was controlled by the old advisories of the Nubian Kings, who had been driven back to their own land. His was tasked with the responsibilities of controlling not only the unruly princes and petty kings of the Delta, but also to reconcile with the power center at Thebes .

Working with Thebes turned out to be easier then one might imagine, because he was able to align himself with the daughter of a great Theaban nobleman named Mentuemhet. At that time, she held the title, " Adoratice of Amun " ( God's Wife of Amun ). He was able to insert his own daughter, Nitokris, as her successor He was therefor able to effect both secular and religious ties that were to hold his growing presence in Egypt together, while he went after his Delta opponents. In order to do this, he raised a conscript army, as well as employing the services of mercenaries, many of whom were Greek, including Carians. This involvement with foreign mercenaries apparently caused some concern about their control within Egypt, and archaeological evidence suggests that sites such as Naukratis , among others, were established to facilitate this, along with offering Egypt an increased commercial presence within the Mediterranean world.

Right: Example of art from Psammetikhos' reign (Mourners from the tomb of his vizier, Nesipakashuty)

Psammetikhos also took as his principle wife Mehtemweskhet who was the daughter of Harsiese S, High Priest at Heliopolis , further cementing his rule.

To all appearances, Psammetikhos I had been a loyal subject of his Assyrian overlords, but as that empire's glories waned, Psammetikhos took his opportunity to break their hold, and in so doing became the absolute ruler of Egypt.

During the remaining four decades of Psammetikhos I's rule, he continued to consolidate his power and bring the country under complete unity, something Egypt had really not seen in a number of years. He undertook a number of building projects, including fortresses in the Delta at Naukratis and Daphnae, as well as at Elephantine . He also greatly expanded the Serapeum at Saqqara .

After consolidating Egypt, militarily, Psammetikhos I was mostly concerned with keeping Egypt's sovereignty strong. There were expeditions into northern Nubia probably to discourage any further ambitions of the Kushite kings. In the north east, Babylon had become such an important power that the king actually formed an alliance with his old masters in Assyria in order to combat Babylon's growing menace. This enabled Egypt to obtain control of the Palestinian coast. There were also actions required on the Libyan frontier in order to combat the threat posed by the fugitive Delta princes.

Psammetikhos I, as well as other kings of this dynasty, followed the archaistic tendencies of the previous dynasty in art, as well as in many customs, such as the formulation of their names. The renaissance in art is such that it is sometimes difficult to tell whether an artifact came from this period of time, or from the Old or Middle Kingdoms .

Psammetikhos I was succeeded by his son, Necho (Nekau) II, who continued to build on his father's accomplishments in Egypt.

http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/psamtik1.htm

Spouses

Mehetenweskhet of Heliopolis

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ID: I62258

Name: Psamtek I of Egypt

Prefix: Pharaoh

Given Name: Psamtek I

Surname: of Egypt

Sex: M

_UID: BA22DAF20B5196449F352C524F708B99135B

Change Date: 26 Nov 2005

Death: Y

Father: Necho I of Sais and Memphis

Mother: Istemabat

Marriage 1 Mehetenweskhet of Heliopolis

Married:

Children

Necho II of Egypt

Forrás / Source:

http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jdp-fam&i...

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Psamtek I/Psammetikhos I, Wahibre, Husband of the god Metek, Pharaoh of Egypt, was born circa 690 BC; died circa 610 BC.

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Psamtik I (also spelled Psammeticus or Psammetichus, in Greek: Ψαμμήτιχος), was the first of three kings of the Saite, or Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt. His prenomen, Wahibre, means "Constant is the Heart of Re."[3] The story in Herodotus of the Dodecarchy and the rise of Psamtik is fanciful. It is known from cuneiform texts that twenty local princelings were appointed by Esarhaddon and confirmed by Assurbanipal to govern Egypt. Necho I, the father of Psammetichus by his Queen Istemabet, was the chief of these kinglets, but they seem to have been quite unable to hold the Egyptians to the hated Assyrians against the more sympathetic Nubians. The labyrinth built by Amenemhat III of the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt is ascribed by Herodotus to the Dodecarchy, or rule of 12, which must represent this combination of rulers. Psamtik was the son of Necho I who died in 664 BC when the Kushite king Tantamani tried unsuccessfully to seize control of lower Egypt from the Assyrian Empire. After his father's death, Psamtik managed to both unite all of Egypt and free her from Assyrian control within the first ten years of his reign.

Psamtik I reunified Egypt in his 9th regnal year when he dispatched a powerful naval fleet in March 656 BC to Thebes and compelled the existing God's Wife of Amun at Thebes, Shepenupet II to adopt his daughter Nitocris I as her Heiress in the so-called Adoption Stela. Psamtik's success destroyed the last vestiges of the Nubian Dynasty's control over Upper Egypt under Tantamani since Thebes now accepted his authority. Nitocris would serve in office for 70 years from 656 BC until her death in 586 BC. Thereafter, Psamtik I campaigned vigorously against those local princes who opposed his reunification of Egypt. One of his victories over certain Libyan marauders is mentioned in a Year 10 and Year 11 stela from the Dakhla Oasis. Psamtik I proved to be a great Pharaoh of Egypt who won Egypt's independence from the Assyrian Empire and restored Egypt's prosperity through his long 54 Year reign. The pharaoh proceeded to establish intimate relations with the Greeks and also encouraged many Greek settlers to establish colonies in Egypt and serve in the Egyptian army.

Basalt wall depicting Psamtik I (British Museum)

The Greek historian Herodotus conveyed an anecdote about Psamtik in the second volume of his Histories (2.2). During his travel to Egypt, Herodotus heard that Psammetichus ("Psamtik") sought to discover the origin of language by conducting an experiment with two children. Allegedly he gave two newborn babies to a shepherd, with the instructions that no one should speak to them, but that the shepherd should feed and care for them while listening to determine their first words. The hypothesis was that the first word would be uttered in the root language of all people. When one of the children cried "bekos" with outstretched arms the shepherd concluded that the word was Phrygian because that was the sound of Phrygian word for "bread." Thus, they concluded that the Phrygians were an older people than the Egyptians, and that Phrygian was the original language of men. There are no other extant sources to verify this story.

Psamtik I's chief wife was Mehtenweskhet, the daughter of Harsiese, the Vizier of the North and High Priests of Atum at Heliopolis. Psamtik and Mehtenweshket were the parents of Necho II, Merneith, and the Divine Adoratice Nitocris I.

Psamtik's father-in-law—the aforementioned Harsiese—was married three times: to Sheta, with whom he had a daughter named Naneferheres, to Tanini and, finally, to an unknown lady, by whom he had both Djedkare, the Vizier of the South and Mehtenweskhet.[4] Harsiese was the son of Vizier Harkhebi, and was related to two other Harsieses, both Viziers, who were a part of the family of the famous Mayor of Thebes Montuemhat.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psammetichus_I

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•ID: I62258 •Name: Psamtek I of Egypt •Prefix: Pharaoh •Given Name: Psamtek I •Surname: of Egypt •Sex: M •_UID: BA22DAF20B5196449F352C524F708B99135B •Change Date: 26 Nov 2005 •Death: Y

Father: Necho I of Sais and Memphis Mother: Istemabat

Marriage 1 Mehetenweskhet of Heliopolis •Married: Children 1. Necho II of Egypt http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jdp%2Dfam...

Psamtik IFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search Psamtik I[1] Psammetichus

Relief of Psamtik I making an offering to Ra-Horakhty (Tomb of Pabasa) Pharaoh of Egypt Reign 664 – 610 BC, 26th dynasty Predecessor Necho I Successor Necho II Royal titulary[show]Prenomen: Wahibre

Nomen: Psamtik

Horus name: Aaib

Nebty name: NebaGolden Horus: Qenu
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Consort(s) Mehtenweskhet[2] Children Necho II Nitocris I Mother Queen Istemabet Died 610 BC Burial Sais

Psamtik I (also spelled Psammeticus or Psammetichus, in Greek: Ψαμμήτιχος), was the first of three kings of that name of the Saite, or Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt. His prenomen, Wah-Ib-Re, means "Constant [is the] Heart [of] Re."[3] Historical references for the Dodecarchy and the rise of Psamtik I in power, establishing the Saitic Dynasty, are recorded in Herodotus Histories, Book II: 151-157. It is also known from cuneiform texts that twenty local princelings were appointed by Esarhaddon and confirmed by Assurbanipal to govern Egypt. Necho I, the father of Psamtik by his Queen Istemabet, was the chief of these kinglets, but they seem to have been quite unable to hold the Egyptians to the hated Assyrians against the more sympathetic Nubians. The labyrinth built by Amenemhat III of the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt is ascribed by Herodotus to the Dodecarchy, or rule of 12, which must represent this combination of rulers. Psamtik was the son of Necho I who died in 664 BC when the Kushite king Tantamani tried unsuccessfully to seize control of lower Egypt from the Assyrian Empire. After his father's death, Psamtik managed to both unite all of Egypt and free her from Assyrian control within the first ten years of his reign.

Contents [hide] 1 Military campaigns 2 Discovering the origin of language 3 Wives 4 References

[edit] Military campaignsPsamtik reunified Egypt in his 9th regnal year when he dispatched a powerful naval fleet in March 656 BC to Thebes and compelled the existing God's Wife of Amun at Thebes, Shepenupet II to adopt his daughter Nitocris I as her Heiress in the so-called Adoption Stela. Psamtik's victory destroyed the last vestiges of the Nubian 25th Dynasty's control over Upper Egypt under Tantamani since Thebes now accepted his authority. Nitocris would hold her office for 70 years from 656 BC until her death in 586 BC. Thereafter, Psamtik I campaigned vigorously against those local princes who opposed his reunification of Egypt. One of his victories over certain Libyan marauders is mentioned in a Year 10 and Year 11 stela from the Dakhla Oasis. Psamtik I proved to be a great pharaoh by winning Egypt's independence from the Assyrian Empire and restored Egypt's prosperity through his long 54 Year reign. The pharaoh proceeded to establish close relations with Hellenic Greece and also encouraged many Greek settlers to establish colonies in Egypt and serve in the Egyptian army.

[edit] Discovering the origin of language Basalt wall depicting Psamtik I (British Museum)The Greek historian Herodotus conveyed an anecdote about Psamtik in the second volume of his Histories (2.2). During his travel to Egypt, Herodotus heard that Psammetichus ("Psamṯik") sought to discover the origin of language by conducting an experiment with two children. Allegedly he gave two newborn babies to a shepherd, with the instructions that no one should speak to them, but that the shepherd should feed and care for them while listening to determine their first words. The hypothesis was that the first word would be uttered in the root language of all people. When one of the children cried "bekos" with outstretched arms the shepherd concluded that the word was Phrygian because that was the sound of the Phrygian word for "bread." Thus, they concluded that the Phrygians were an older people than the Egyptians, and that Phrygian was the original language of men. There are no other extant sources to verify this story.

[edit] WivesPsamtik's chief wife was Mehtenweskhet, the daughter of Harsiese, the Vizier of the North and High Priests of Atum at Heliopolis. Psamtik and Mehtenweshket were the parents of Necho II, Merneith, and the Divine Adoratice Nitocris I.

Psamtik's father-in-law—the aforementioned Harsiese—was married three times: to Sheta, with whom he had a daughter named Naneferheres, to Tanini and, finally, to an unknown lady, by whom he had both Djedkare, the Vizier of the South and Mehtenweskhet.[4] Harsiese was the son of Vizier Harkhebi, and was related to two other Harsieses, both Viziers, who were a part of the family of the famous Mayor of Thebes Montuemhat.

[edit] References This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

1.^ "Psamtek I Wahibre". Digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk. http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/psametiki.html. Retrieved 2011-11-20. 2.^ "Psamtik I". Touregypt.net. http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/psamtik1.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-20. 3.^ Peter Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames and Hudson, 1994. p.195 4.^ Nos ancêtres de l'Antiquité, 1991, Christian Settipani, p.153, 160 & 161 [show]­v ·­t ·­ePharaohs (list)

­Dynastic Genealogies: 4th ·­12th ·­18th ·­19th ·­20th ·­21st ·­25th ·­26th ·­27th ·­31st ·­Ptolemaic

Protodynastic Period (prior to 3150 BC) Lower Egypt ­Hsekiu ·­Khayu ·­Tiu ·­Thesh ·­Neheb ·­Wazner ·­Mekh ·­Double Falcon

Upper Egypt ­Scorpion I ·­Iry-Hor ·­Ka ·­Scorpion II ·­Narmer

Early Dynastic Period (3150–2686 BC) Dynasty I ­Menes ·­Hor-Aha ·­Djer ·­Djet ·­Den ·­Anedjib ·­Semerkhet ·­Qa'a ·­Sneferka ·­Horus Bird

Dynasty II ­Hotepsekhemwy ·­Raneb ·­Nynetjer ·­Ba ·­Nubnefer ·­Horus Sa ·­Weneg-Nebty ·­Wadjenes ·­Senedj ·­Seth-Peribsen ·­Sekhemib ·­Neferkara I ·­Neferkasokar ·­Hudjefa I ·­Khasekhemwy

Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BC) Dynasty III ­Nebka ·­Djoser ·­Sekhemkhet ·­Sanakht ·­Khaba ·­Qahedjet ·­Huni

Dynasty IV ­Snefru ·­Khufu ·­Djedefre ·­Khafre ·­Bikheris ·­Menkaure ·­Shepseskaf ·­Thamphthis

Dynasty V ­Userkaf ·­Sahure ·­Neferirkare Kakai ·­Shepseskare ·­Neferefre ·­Niuserre ·­Menkauhor ·­Djedkare ·­Unas

Dynasty VI ­Teti ·­Userkare ·­Pepi I ·­Merenre ·­Pepi II

1st Intermediate Period (2181–2040 BC) Dynasties VII & VIII ­Wadjkare ·­Qakare Iby

Dynasties IX & X ­Wakhare Khety I ·­Meryibre Khety ·­Merykare ·­Kaneferre ·­Nebkaure Akhtoy

Middle Kingdom (2040–1782 BC) Dynasty XI ­Mentuhotep I ·­Intef I ·­Intef II ·­Intef III ·­Mentuhotep II ·­Mentuhotep III ·­Mentuhotep IV

Dynasty XII ­Amenemhet I ·­Senusret I ·­Amenemhet II ·­Senusret II ·­Senusret III ·­Amenemhet III ·­Amenemhet IV ·­Sobeknefru♀

2nd Intermediate Period (1782–1550 BC) Dynasty XIII ­Wegaf ·­Ameny Intef IV ·­Hor ·­Sobekhotep II ·­Khendjer ·­Sobekhotep III ·­Neferhotep I ·­Sobekhotep IV ·­Merneferre Ay ·­Merhotepre Ini

Dynasty XIV ­Nehesy ·­Yaqub-Har

Dynasty XV ­Sakir-Har ·­Khyan ·­Apepi I ·­Khamudi

Dynasty XVI ­Djehuti ·­Sobekhotep VIII ·­Neferhotep III ·­Mentuhotep VI ·­Nebiriau I ·­Nebiriau II ·­Semenre ·­Bebiankh ·­Sekhemre Shedwast

Dynasty XVII ­Rahotep ·­Sobekemsaf I ·­Sobekemsaf II ·­Intef V ·­Intef VII ·­Senakhtenre ·­Tao ·­Kamose

New Kingdom (1550–1070 BC) Dynasty XVIII ­Ahmose I ·­Amenhotep I ·­Tuthmosis I ·­Tuthmosis II ·­Tuthmosis III ·­Hatshepsut♀ ·­Amenhotep II ·­Tuthmosis IV ·­Amenhotep III ·­Akhenaten ·­Smenkhkare ·­Neferneferuaten♀ ·­Tutankhamun ·­Ay ·­Horemheb

Dynasty XIX ­Ramesses I ·­Seti I ·­Ramses II ·­Merneptah ·­Amenmesses ·­Seti II ·­Siptah ·­Twosret♀

Dynasty XX ­Setnakhte ·­Ramesses III ·­Ramesses IV ·­Ramesses V ·­Ramesses VI ·­Ramesses VII ·­Ramesses VIII ·­Ramesses IX ·­Ramesses X ·­Ramesses XI

3rd Intermediate Period (1069–525 BC) Dynasty XXI ­Smendes I ·­Amenemnisu ·­Psusennes I ·­Amenemope ·­Osorkon the Elder ·­Siamun ·­Psusennes II

Dynasty XXII ­Sheshonq I ·­Osorkon I ·­Sheshonq II ·­Takelot I ·­Osorkon II ·­Sheshonq III ·­Pami ·­Sheshonq V ·­Osorkon IV

Dynasty XXIII ­Harsiese A ·­Takelot II ·­Pedibastet ·­Sheshonq IV ·­Osorkon III ·­Takelot III ·­Rudamon

Dynasty XXIV ­Tefnakht ·­Bakenrenef

Dynasty XXV ­Piankhi ·­Shabaka ·­Shebitku ·­Taharqa ·­Tanutamun

Dynasty XXVI ­Psamtik I ·­Nekau ·­Psamtik II ·­Wahibre ·­Ahmose II ·­Psamtik III

Late Period (525–332 BC) Dynasty XXVII ­Cambyses II ·­Darius I ·­Xerxes ·­Artaxerxes I ·­Darius II

Dynasty XXVIII ­Amyrtaeus

Dynasty XXIX ­Nefaarud I ·­Hakor

Dynasty XXX ­Nectanebo I ·­Teos ·­Nectanebo II

Dynasty XXXI ­Artaxerxes III ·­Arses ·­Darius III

Hellenistic Period (332–30 BC) Argead Dynasty (XXXII) ­Alexander the Great ·­Philip III Arrhidaeus ·­Alexander IV

Ptolemaic Dynasty ­Ptolemy I Soter I ·­Ptolemy II Philadelphus ·­Ptolemy III Euergetes I ·­Ptolemy IV Philopator ·­Ptolemy V Epiphanes ·­Ptolemy VI Philometor

·­Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator ·­Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II ·­Ptolemy IX Soter II ·­Ptolemy X Alexander I ·­Ptolemy XI Alexander II ·­Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos ·­Berenice IV♀ ·­Cleopatra♀ ·­Ptolemy XV Caesarion 

­♀ indicates female pharaoh

Persondata Name Psammetichus I Alternative names Psamtik I Short description Pharaoh Date of birth Place of birth Date of death Place of death Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psamtik_I&oldid=520206450" Help improve this pageWhat's this?What's this?× Wikipedia would like to hear what you think of this article. Share your feedback with the editors – and help improve this page. Learn more >>

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psamtik_I

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Wahibre Psamtek I Rey de Egipto reino en los años 664.AC. al 610 AC. cooresponde a la Dinastia XXVI -Sametico fue hijo de Necao y probablemente de origen Libio. Psamético logró tanto unir todo Egipto y liberarla del control asirio dentro de los primeros diez años de su reinado.cc Mehyntenweskhet . Psamket I Fallecio el 610 AC.y fue enterradoen Sais .