Raden Mas Rahmat (Amangkurat II)

By providing help in regaining his throne, the Dutch brought Amangkurat II under their tight control. Amangkurat II was apparently unhappy with the situation, especially the increasing Dutch control of the coast, but he was helpless in the face of a crippling financial debt and the constant threat of superior Dutch military power. The king engaged in a series of intrigues to try to weaken the Dutch position without confronting them head on; for example, the court sheltered people wanted by the Dutch for attacking colonial offices or disrupting shipping. By the end of his reign, Amangkurat II was deeply distrusted by the Dutch, but they were similarly uninterested in provoking another costly war on Java.

Amangkurat II died in 1703 and was briefly succeeded by his son, Amangkurat III. However, this time the Dutch believed they had found a more reliable client, and hence supported his uncle, who became Pakubuwana I upon his accession. The conflict between Amangkurat and Pakubuwana, the latter allied with the Dutch, the First Javanese War of Succession, dragged on for five years before the Dutch managed to install Pakubuwana.

With the installation of Pakubuwana, the Dutch substantially increased their control over the interior of Java. The last years of Pakubuwana's reign, from 1717 to 1719, were dominated by rebellion in East Java against the kingdom and its foreign patrons. Amangkurat IV took the throne in 1719, and, with Dutch help, was barely able to put down the rebellion.

The kingdom of Mataram was divided in 1755 under an agreement between the Dutch and rebellious prince Mangkubumi. The treaty divided nominal control over central Java between Yogyakarta, under Mangkubumi, and Surakarta, under Pakubuwana. Yogyakarta, Indonesia Yogyakarta (also Jogjakarta or Jogja) is a city and province on the island of Java, Indonesia. ... The city of Solo, formally known as Surakarta, 65 kilometers (40 miles) northeast of Yogyakarta and slightly further southeast of Semarang in Java, Indonesia, was a center of power during the Mataram Kingdom. ...

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From Wikipedia:

Amangkurat II was the sultan of Mataram from 1677 to 1703.

Amangkurat II became sultan in 1677 when his father Amangkurat I died in Tegal after being expelled from Plered, his capital by Raden Trunajaya, a prince from Madura that captured the court in 1677. Like his father, Amangkurat II was nearly helpless, having fled without an army nor a treasury to build one. In an attempt to regain his kingdom, he made substantial concessions to the Dutch East India Company (VOC), who then went to war to reinstate him. For the Dutch, a stable Mataram empire that was deeply indebted to them would help ensure continued trade on favorable terms. They were willing to lend their military might to keep the kingdom together. The multinational Dutch forces, consisting of light-armed troops from Makasar and Ambon, in addition to heavily-equipped European soldiers, first defeated Trunajaya in Kediri in November 1628, and Trunajaya himself was captured in 1679 near Ngantang west of Malang. Then, in 1681, the alliance of VOC and Amangkurat II forced Pangeran Puger, his younger brother, who styled himself Susuhunan ing Alaga when he seized the throne, to relinguish it. Since the fallen Plered was considered inauspicious, Amangkurat II move the capital to Kartasura in the land of Pajang (the northern part of the stretch of land between Mount Merapi and Mount Lawu, the southern part being Mataram).

By providing help in regaining his throne, the Dutch brought Amangkurat II under their tight control. Amangkurat II was apparently unhappy with the situation, especially the increasing Dutch control of the coast, but he was helpless in the face of a crippling financial debt and the threat of Dutch military power. The king engaged in a series of intrigues to try to weaken the Dutch position without confronting them head on. For example, he tried to cooperate with other kingdoms such as Cirebon and Johor, and the court sheltered people wanted by the Dutch for attacking colonial offices or disrupting shipping, such as Untung Surapati. In 1685, Batavia sent Captain Tack, the officer who captured Trunojoyo, to capture Surapati and negotiate further details into the agreement between VOC and Amangkurat II, but the king arranged a ruse in which he pretended to help Tack. Tack was killed when pursuing Surapati in Kartasura, but Batavia decided to do nothing since the situation in Batavia itself was far from stable, such as the insurrection of Captain Jonker, native commander of Ambonese settlement in Batavia, in 1689. Mainly due to this incident, by the end of his reign, Amangkurat II was deeply distrusted by the Dutch, but Batavia were similarly uninterested in provoking another costly war on Java.

Amangkurat II died in 1703 and was briefly succeeded by his son, Amangkurat III.

Mataram VI (1677-1703). Amangkurat Amral.

Raden Mas Rahmat

WIKI

Ari Harmedi wrote, December 2013/em:

Sri Susuhunan Amangkurat II adalah pendiri sekaligus raja pertama Kasunanan Kartasura sebagai kelanjutan Kesultanan Mataram, yang memerintah tahun 1677-1703.

Ia merupakan raja Jawa pertama yang memakai pakaian dinas ala Eropa sehingga rakyat memanggilnya dengan sebutan Sunan Amral, yaitu ejaan Jawa untuk Admiral.

Translation in English: Sri Susuhunan Amangkurat II was the founder and first king of Kasunanan Kartasura as a continuation of the Sultanate of Mataram, who ruled in 1677-1703.

He was the first Javanese king to wear European-style official clothing so the people called him Sunan Amral, the Javanese spelling of Admiral.

In the history, it was recorded:

- In 1705, Amangkurat III left the palace and went to East Java. - During the year of 1707 Amangkurat III suffered because of being hunted by Pakubuwana I. From Malang he moved to Blitar, then to Kediri, finally deciding to surrender in Surabaya in 1708. - Amangkurat III then arrested on 1708 in Surabaya, then moved to Batavia, then moved to Ceylon. - He died on 1734 in Ceylon. Anyway, found the name "Raden Ajeng Sumila", his daughter, who was born on 1723. But Raden Ajeng Sumila was definitely not the daughter of Raden Ayu Himpun (daughter of Pakubuwana I), because Amangkurat III divorced Raden Ayu Himpun in around 1703-1704, when he was in conflict with Pakubuwana I. So, perhaps Raden Ajeng Sumila was the daughter of Amangkurat III's wife who was from Onje. Raden Ajeng Sumila was married to Pakubuwana II on July 1738, but then divorced on 1739. And then she married to Raden Ngabehi Suryowikromo (Regent of Gresik) on June 1741. With the record of Raden Ajeng Sumila, it can be interpreted that Amangkurat III was sent to Ceylon after 1723, because Raden Ajeng Sumila was still in Kartasura since 1723. There is no more record about Amangkurat III's descendants in overseas after 1723, in our history. But this does not rule out the possibility if there were descendants of Amangkurat III who were born in Ceylon during the years 1723-1734.

Here is the link about Raden Ajeng Sumila https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:918970

Prince Raden Sinha Noori of Kampong Baru, Batavia (Jakarta), Java, with his wife Putri Chandra Devi (Daughter of King Raja Johanna Panlima of Padang) and his two sons Prince Machan Burat Mas Abu Cassim and Prince Machan Burat Mas Noordin, along with a Dutch family - Cutil Boni (son nof Kunin Koepan), his wife Eugina Roten, his son Carel, and five daughters, Petrenella, Ana Maria, Josephinet, Carolina and Johanna Analisa - were exiled to Ceylon by the Dutch between 15th October 1789 and 29th November 1790, for rebelling against Dutch rule in Java and refusing to be converted to Christianity. Not much is known about the life led by these exiles, but most of them lived in the main coastal towns under the jurisdiction of the Dutch,viz. Colombo, Galle, Trincomalee and Jaffna.

The first political 'Javakas' (Javanese) to arrive in Ceylon was the deposed King of Java, Susunan burat Mas in 1709, who was confined with his Courtiers and retinue outside and away from the Jaffna Fort. He had a Bodyguard of ensign, Sergent and 24 soldiers, and armed sentries guarding their homes. He did hold court or Kachcheri or 'java Kachcheri' (N/A 1/69 - Minutes of the Dutch Political Council, Colombo 14th/November/1733). The Dutch political Council also stipulated that Javanese princes going out of their residences must be followed by soldiers. These exiles were granted pensions in Ceylon (vide N/A 5/4/38 of 18th February 1806) - see comments on pensions granted to Malay Princes.

After Colombo surrendered to the British at 4.00 p.m. on 32st August 1795 the British East India Company took over in February 1796, after 150 years of Dutch rule. Under Article 21 of the Terms of Capitulation, the Dutch stipulated that Malays who do not choose to remain here shall be transported in English ships with their woman and children to the Island of Java. But the British replied that Malay troops shall be sent home with their wives and children to Tuticorin an thence by easy marches to Madras. They shall be subsisted whilst they remain prisoners and if not taken into British service, shall at a convenient time, be sent to the Island of Java at the expense of the British Government.

So Raden Sinha Noori and his wife Putri Chandra Devi chose to go back to Java, but not the two sons and several others. They preferred to join the British rather than go back to Java in 1808 -vide N/A 5/4/365 of 28/2/1802 - forwarding documents regarding the repatriation of these Malay exiles.

Appointments to the Malay Regiment by the British as officers was at first confined to the children or relations of reputed and powerful Malays with sound background. Most of them had to shed their Princely and Royal titles, to accept Commissions under the British sovereign. Thus, De Prins, De Pangerans, De Radens, Maas, Babas, etc. concealed their Royal lineage and avoided recognition by adoping the commonly used title Tuan by the Britishers. Thus DOELLA was written as DOOLE or DOLE or DOLL; BURAT as BURAH; OESMAN as OUSMAN etc.

There were four Malay Regiments in Ceylon - The First Ceylon formed in May 1802, the Second Ceylon in January 1803, the Third Ceylon on 29th November 1805 and the Fourth Ceylon on 4th February 1811.

MACHAN BURAT MAS ABU CASSIM enlisted in the Ceylon Malay Corps as a Captain and took part in the Polygar Wars with the British at Nagapatnam in South India, and on his return was appointed the Maniagar of Mannar (Chief Headman) and functioned in that capacity till 1814. He was next sent by Governor Frederick North to Hambantota to strengthen the newly formed Malay Colony of invalids and the Malays at Kirinda which was then under Captain Ramblan. He was appointed the First Ja Muhandiram and Chief Salt Superintendent, Magam Pattu on 1st October 1814. He was also appointed interpreter Mudaliyar of Hambantota Kachcheri in 1816.

MACHAN BURAT MAS ABU CASSIM lived in Hambantota at the corner of the present Phillip Street and Barrack Street at premises No.4, Phillip Street, the house known till late as the Ihala Walauwa. His second wife was Gnei Kadhija. He died in 1832 at Hambantota. His remains were buried under a wide spreading Mara tree standing within the buriel ground of the premises of the Lama Masjid or old Mosque at the entrance to Hambantota Town. This Masjid is renamed as Dharma Kabeer Mosque. The remains of most older elite families of Hambantota are buried in this cemetary.

MACHAN BURAT MAS ABU CASSIM's brother MACHAN BURAT MAS NOORDIN was appointed the first Jailor of Tangalle. He spent his retirement in Hambantota and was a bachelor. He was shot by his own horse-keeper on 12th September 1828.

This Silsila was prepared by Tuan Arfin Machan Burah from information given to him by his late father Tuan Kitchil Cassim Burah and his aunt the late Mrs. Gnei Mooda Doole who were very conscious of the fact that they were Malays and would always remind their kith and kins that they were from the lineage of Mussaddam Burah pe choo-choo.

Sunan Amangkurat II (Raden Mas Rahmat) adalah raja kelima dari Kerajaan Mataram Islam, merupakan putra dari Sunan Amangkurat I, dan cucu dari Sultan Agung, Raja Ketiga dari Kerajaaan Mataram Islam.

Semasa hidup, Sunan Amangkurat II pernah memindahkan pusat pemerintahan Kerajaan Mataram Islam dari Keraton Plered ke Keraton Kartasura