Alexander II Hasmonean, High Priest

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Alexander II Hasmonean, High Priest

Hebrew: אלכסנדר השני החשמונאי, High Priest, Dutch: Alexander II Maccabaeus, High Priest
Birthdate:
Birthplace: Egypt
Death: -49 (50-52)
Mt. Tabor battleground, Judea (Sentenced to death by Gabinius the Roman commander)
Immediate Family:

Son of Aristobulus II Hasmonean, King and High Priest and Salome? of Judea bat Absalom, Queen consort
Husband of Elizabeth of Jerusalem, Queen Alexandra II
Father of Queen Mariamne (Hasmonean); Jonathan Aristobulus III Last Hasmonean High Priest and N.N. ., Hasmonean Princess, 1st wife of Pheroras
Brother of (Queen) Alexandra of MacCabee
Half brother of King Antigonus II Mattathias, [Last Hasmonean King of Judaea]

Occupation: Hasmonean Prince of Judea, Prince de Judée
Managed by: Private User
Last Updated:

About Alexander II Hasmonean, High Priest

For English, see below.

אלכסנדר השני - שליט חשמונאי

Alexander of Judaea

Alexander (Gr. Ἀλέξανδρος, died 48 or 47 BCE), or Alexander Maccabeus, was the eldest son of Aristobulus II, king of Judaea. He married his cousin Alexandra Maccabeus, daughter of his uncle, Hyrcanus II. Their grandfather was Alexander Jannaeus, the second eldest son of John Hyrcanus. Mariamne, the daughter of Alexander and Alexandra, was Herod the Great's second wife and Hasmonean queen of the Jewish kingdom.

Alexander was taken prisoner, with his father and brother, by the Roman general Pompey, on the capture of Jerusalem in 63 BCE, but escaped his captors as they were being conveyed to Rome. In 57 BCE, he appeared in Judaea, raised an army of 10,000 infantry and 1500 cavalry, and fortified Alexandrium and other strong posts. Alexander's uncle Hyrcanus (with whom Alexander's father Aristobulus had clashed) applied for aid to Gabinius, who brought a large army against Alexander, and sent Mark Antony with a body of troops in advance. In a battle fought near Jerusalem, Alexander was soundly defeated, and took refuge in the fortress of Alexandrium. Through the mediation of his mother he was permitted to depart, on condition of surrendering all the fortresses still in his power. In the following year, during the expedition of Gabinius into Egypt, Alexander again incited the Jews to revolt, and collected an army. He massacred all the Romans who fell in his way, and besieged the rest, who had taken refuge on Mount Gerizim. After rejecting the terms of peace which were offered to him by Gabinius, he was defeated near Mount Tabor with the loss of 10,000 men. The spirit of his adherents, however, was not entirely crushed, for in 53 BCE, on the death of Marcus Licinius Crassus, he again collected some forces, but was compelled to come to terms by Cassius in 52 BCE. In 49 BCE, on the breaking out of the civil war, Julius Caesar set Alexander's father Aristobulus II free, and sent him to Judaea to further his interests there. He was poisoned on the journey, and Alexander, who was preparing to support him, was seized at the command of Pompey, and beheaded at Antioch.

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ID: I64688

Name: Alexander Hasmonean Maccabeus. Given Name: Alexander Hasmonean. Surname: Maccabeus

Sex: M _UID: 4CD885B7AA7BD64AAC6EC620BBC28BA754C5

Change Date: 6 Oct 2005. Death: deceased

Father: Aristobalbus II Maccabeus of Judea. Mother: of Judea

Marriage 1 Alexandra of Judea. Children: Mariamne I of Judea

Source: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jdp-fam&i...




https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_of_Judaea

EditWatch this page Alexander of Judaea Alexander (Gr. Ἀλέξανδρος, died 48 or 47 BC), or Alexander Maccabeus, was the eldest son of Aristobulus II, king of Judaea.[1] He married his cousin Alexandra Maccabeus, daughter of his uncle, Hyrcanus II.[2] Their grandfather was Alexander Jannaeus, the second eldest son of John Hyrcanus.[3] Mariamne, the daughter of Alexander and Alexandra, was Herod the Great's second wife and Hasmonean queen of the Jewish kingdom.

Alexander was taken prisoner, with his father and his brother Antigonus, by the Roman general Pompey, on the capture of Jerusalem in 63 BC, but escaped his captors as they were being conveyed to Rome.[4] In 57 BC, he appeared in Judaea, raised an army of 10,000 infantry and 1500 cavalry, and fortified Alexandrium and other strong posts. Alexander's uncle Hyrcanus (with whom Alexander's father Aristobulus had clashed) applied for aid to Gabinius, who brought a large army against Alexander, and sent Mark Antony with a body of troops in advance. In a battle fought near Jerusalem, Alexander was soundly defeated, and took refuge in the fortress of Alexandrium. Through the mediation of his mother he was permitted to depart, on condition of surrendering all the fortresses still in his power. In the following year, during the expedition of Gabinius into Egypt, Alexander again incited the Jews to revolt, and collected an army. He massacred all the Romans who fell in his way, and besieged the rest, who had taken refuge on Mount Gerizim. After rejecting the terms of peace which were offered to him by Gabinius, he was defeated near Mount Tabor with the loss of 10,000 men. The spirit of his adherents, however, was not entirely crushed, for in 53 BC, on the death of Marcus Licinius Crassus, he again collected some forces, but was compelled to come to terms by Cassius in 52 BC. In 49 BC, on the breaking out of the civil war, Julius Caesar set Alexander's father Aristobulus II free, and sent him to Judaea to further his interests there. He was poisoned on the journey, and Alexander, who was preparing to support him, was seized at the command of Pompey, and beheaded at Antioch.[5][6]

Contents Family trees References Family trees Edit

Egyptian family trees including Alexander Maccabeus References Edit

^ Alexander II of Judea at the Jewish Encyclopedia ^ Giovanni Boccaccio’s Famous Women translated by Virginia Brown 2001, page 175; Harvard University Press; ISBN 0-674-01130-9 ^ Singer, Isidore; Alder, Cyrus; (eds.) et al. (1901–1906) The Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, New York. LCCN:16014703 ^ Mason, Charles Peter (1867). "Alexander". In William Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 114. ^ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews xiv. 5—7 ^ Josephus, The Wars of the Jews i. 8, 9

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "article name needed". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901–1906.

About אלכסנדר השני החשמונאי Hasmonean, High Priest (עברית)

אלכסנדר השני היה אחד מנסיכי בית חשמונאי. אלכסנדר היה בנו של מלך יהודה, אריסטובולוס השני, ובעלה של אלכסנדרה החשמונאית בת דודו. ילדיו היו מרים החשמונאית (אשתו של הורדוס) ואריסטובולוס השלישי.

הגלייתו של אלכסנדר השני

בשנת 63 לפנה"ס מצבה של יהודה, שעד תאריך זה הייתה עצמאית, השתנה בעקבות כיבושה של סוריה על ידי המצביא הרומאי פומפיוס. אביו של אלכסנדר, אריסטובולוס השני, ודודו הורקנוס השני, שהיו מצויים בסכסוך על המלוכה משנת 67 לפנה"ס, התייצבו בפני פומפיוס וביקשו ממנו להכריע מי מהם זכאי לשלטון. לאחר שאריסטובולוס הבין שפומפיוס נוטה לכיוונו של הורקנוס הוא ניסה למרוד ברומאים, ניסיון שנכשל והסתיים בכיבוש ירושלים על ידי פומפיוס והגלייתו יחד עם בני ביתו, כולל בנו, אריסטובולוס, לרומא.

נסיון המרידה הראשון

אלכסנדר, שלא השלים עם שינוי השלטון ביהודה, הצליח להימלט מרומא ועשה את דרכו חזרה ליהודה. תחילה הוא ניסה להשתלט על ירושלים ולהקים מחדש את חומותיה אולם ניסיון זה סוכל על ידי יחידות הצבא הרומאי שהיו מוצבות בעיר. לאחר הכישלון בכיבוש ירושלים אלכסנדר התרכז בבניית כוחו והצליח בנקל לגייס לעצמו צבא גדול שלפי יוסף בן מתתיהו מנה עשרת אלפים רגלים ואלף וחמש מאות פרשים, הצלחתו מוסברת בעובדה שהמדיניות הרומאית של שיקום הערים ההלניסטיות בארץ ישראל, ערים שהיו יריבות מרות של האוכלוסייה היהודית, עוררה את שנאת היהודים לשלטון הרומאי.

מרידתו של אלכסנדר הובילה את נציב סוריה אולוס גביניוס לצאת נגדו למלחמה, בקרב הראשון שנערך ביניהם, בסביבות ירושלים הובס אלכסנדר ונאלץ לסגת. אחרי מפלתו אלכסנדר וכוחותיו התבצרו באלכסנדריון, מכוור והורקניה שם גביניוס הטיל עליהם מצור, לבסוף אלכסנדר נכנע לגבינוס ומסר את מבצריו לידי הרומאים ובשנת 57 לפנה"ס נשלח חזרה כשבוי לרומא.

נסיון המרידה השני

אלכסנדר הצליח להימלט מרומא בפעם השנייה וניצל את העובדה כי גביניוס שהה במצרים כדי לעורר מרד חדש כנגד רומא ביהודה, הוא קצר מספר הצלחות כנגד הכוחות הרומאים ביהודה אולם מהלך העניינים התהפך בעת חזרתו של גביניוס ליהודה בראש צבאו. גביניוס ניסה תחילה להגיע להסכם שלום עם המורדים ושלח את אנטיפטרוס לנסות לשכנע אותם להיכנע, כשסירבו הוא תקף אותם ובקרב שהתחולל ליד הר תבור שוב הובסו באופן מוחלט כוחותיו של אלכסנדר והוא עצמו נפל בשבי והוצא להורג על ידי גביניוס.

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Alexander II Hasmonean, High Priest's Timeline

-100
-100
Egypt
-54
-54

Mariamme was the daughter of Alexander, Aristobulus II’s son, and Alexandra, Hyrcanus II’s daughter. Her grandfathers were the two rival Hasmoneans who invited Rome to intervene in Judaean internal affairs and eventually brought about the downfall of the Hasmonean kingdom. Abraham Schalit calculates that her father and mother could have been married only between 55 and 49 B.C.E., after Alexander’s revolt against Rome was crushed and before his own execution at the hands of the Romans (Ant. 14:125). She was thus probably born in 54 B.C.E.

-53
-53
-49
-49
Age 50
Mt. Tabor battleground, Judea
-49
Age 50
????