Baddis bin Habbus ibn Makhsen, 3rd Zirid Emir of Granada

Bādīs b. ḥabbūs b. māksin al-ṣinhād̲j̲ī, called al-muhẓaffar (the victorious”), a Berber Zīrid, cousin of Bādīs Abū Mennād [q. v.], King of Granada (429—465 = 1038—1073), a bloodthirsty tyrant and drunkard, obtained the sovereignty of Granada by the help of his clever Jewish vizier Samuel Ha-Nagīd (Samuel Ha-Lewi b. Joseph b. Nagdēla, arab. Ismāʿīl b. Nag̲h̲dīla) after the death of his father Ḥabbūs and the voluntary withdrawal of his younger brother Boluggīn who was preferred by a powerful party in the Kingdom. He at once sought to secure his position by murdering various opponents such as the Slav Zuhair, Emīr of Almeria and his vizier Ibn ʿAbbās.

A war lasting many years, which he waged with the ʿAbbādids of Seville over the sovereignty of Andalusia, ended indecisively. Allied with the Berber prince Muḥammad of Carmona and Idrīs I of Malaga he defeated the ʿAbbādid Ismāʿīl, the son of Ḳāḍī Abu ’l-Ḳāsim Muḥammad I, who was besieging Carmona, at Écija (431 = 1039) but he could not prevent the successsor of Ḳāḍī, the ʿAbbādid al-Muʿtaḍid [q. v.] obtaining possession of several small Andalusian Berber states such as Mértola, Huelva, Niebla, Ronda, Morón and in the end Carmona also (459 —1067) though he soon recovered Málaga, which he had seized after the fall of the Ḥammūdids in 449 (1057), after its capture by al-Muʿtamid the son of al-Muʿtaḍid. To avenge the murder of a number of Berber nobles by al-Muʿtaḍid, Bādīs resolved to massacre all the Arabs of Granada while in the mosque at the Friday sermon, a plan which Samuel thwarted only with the greatest difficulty. The abilities of this vizier brought the Kingdom of Granada to great prosperity; the capital fortified and adorned with splendid buildings by Bādīs was the great bulwark of the Berber power in Spain but after Samuel’s death in 459 (1066) the kingdom soon fell to pieces. After the death of Bādīs in 465 (1075) his grandson ʿAbd Allāh inherited Granada and his brother Tamīm, Málaga.

Shortly after the accession of the Zīrid amīr of Granada Bādīs b. Ḥabūs (Ramaḍān 429/June 1038), the alliance which had existed between Zuhayr and Ḥabūs came to an end as a result of Zuhayr’s alliance with Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Birzālī, lord of Carmona and leader of the Zanāta [q.v.] Berbers, traditional foes of the Ṣanhād̲j̲a [q.v.] to which the Zīrids belonged. Zuhayr’s alliance with the lord of Carmona was probably motivated by the expansionist policy of the ḳāḍī Muḥammad b. ʿAbbād, ruler of Seville, who in 426/1035 had installed the pseudo-Umayyad His̲h̲ām in Seville as caliph of al-Andalus. This Zuhayr and al-Birzālī adamantly refused to accept. According to the last Zīrid amīr of Granada, Zuhayr “on hearing of the death of Ḥabūs cast covetous eyes on Granada. He therefore marched on the city and duly encamped at a place known as Alpuente (al-Fūnt)” (Tibyān, 70, tr. 58). Having decided to open hostilities, Bādīs laid ambushes in ravines on Zuhayr’s route and pulled down a bridge which the Ṣaḳlabī had to cross. On approaching the bridge, Zuhayr was set upon by Bādīs’s men. At the very outset, Zuhayr’s Negro detachment, some 500 strong, defected. Zuhayr himself, however, stood fast and ordered his fellow Ṣaḳāliba to engage the Granadans who, though outnumbered, routed the Ṣaḳāliba. “In the space of a single hour, it [Zuhayr%E2%80%99s army] was routed with the loss of all its eunuchs (k̲h̲isyān). Zuhayr, however, completely vanished and was not to be found either living or dead” (Tibyān, 70, tr. 59).

Almería was annexed, a month later, by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Abī ʿĀmir of Valencia, who acquired a huge fortune from the possessions left by “his grandfather’s mawālī” (D̲h̲ak̲h̲īra, i/2, 730).

(Amin Tibi)

Bibliography

1. Sources. ʿAbd Allāh b. Buluggīn, Tibyān, ed. A. Ṭībī, Rabat 1995, 70-71, Eng. tr. Leiden 1986, 58-9

Aḥmad b. ʿUmar al-ʿUd̲h̲rī, Ṭarṣīʿ al-ak̲h̲bār, ed. A. al-Ahwānī, Madrid 1965, 83-4

Ibn Bassām al-S̲h̲antarīnī, D̲h̲ak̲h̲īra, ed. I. ʿAbbās, i/2, Beirut 1975, 656-63

Ibn ʿd̲h̲ārī, Bayān, ed. E. Lévi-Provençal, iii, Paris 1930, 168-71

Ibn al-K̲h̲aṭīb, Aʿmāl, ed. Lévi-Provençal, Beirut 1956, 210-5

idem, Iḥāṭa, ed. M.A. Enan, i, Cairo 1973, 517-20.

2. Studies. A.M. ʿAbbādī, Los esclavos en España, Span. tr. Madrid 1953, 16-17

Dozy, Hist. des musulmanes d’Espagne, Leiden 1932, index

A. Prieto y Vives, Los Reyes de Taifas, Madrid 1926, 34

D. Wasserstein, The rise and fall of the Party-Kings, Princeton 1985, index. Dozy, Scriptorum Arabum loci de Abbadidis, i. 51, 119

ii. 33 et seq., 207, 210, 217

Maḳḳarī, ii. 359 et scç.

Ibn Ḵh̲aldūn, Hist, des Berbères, i. 234

transl, by de Slane, ii. 62 et seq.

Dozy, Hist, des Musulmans d’Espagne, iv. 37 et seq.

97 et seq.

108 et seq.

the same, Ibn Ad̲h̲ārī, al-Bayano l-Mogrib, Introd., p. 80—102

David Cassel, Lehrb. der jüd. Gesch. u. Litt. (Lpz. 1879), p. 242—244

Tornberg, Annales regum Mauritaniae (Genealogical tables of the Zīrids)

Müller, Der Islam, ii. 583, 585 et seq., 596—601.

Citation Schmitz, M.. " Bādīs." Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913-1936). Brill Online , 2013. Reference. Jim Harlow. 30 January 2013 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-isla...>

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In 1038, after the death of Habbus, a struggle for succession broke between the late king's two sons, Badis and Bullugin. With Samuel's help Badis eventually won the throne, and a result of his steadfast loyalty Samuel was appointed vizier, and remained the leading influence on Badis for the rest of his life.

In his capacity as vizier (General), Samuel led the armies of Granada in a series of victorious campaigns against Arab Seville and her allies, which lasted throughout the remainder of his life, with a respite of but two years. A major source of Samuel's camaigns is his poetry, some of which he addressed to his son Jehoseph HaNagid. Samuel HaNagid is credited as having introduced poetry of war and battle into Hebrew literature.

Badis succeeded to the throne of his father taifa Granada Habús ben Maksan although it faced a conspiracy of some grenadine court supporting his cousin as successor Yaddair ben Hubasa . But the plot failed, thanks to his vizier, the Jew Samuel ben Nagrela , who thereby reinforced its position in the kingdom.

In 1038 , following the confrontation with King Taifa of Almería , Zuhair, took control of the territory of Almeria taifa and, the following year, was able to halt the expansionist ambitions of King Taifa of Seville , Abu al-Qasim to defeat in Ecija in coalition with the Taifa of Málaga and Badajoz .

In 1057 won the Taifa of Málaga annexing your kingdom and placing her firstborn son, Badis ben Buluggin as governor, who nevertheless would not succeed his father as head of the taifa Granada poisoned and died in 1064, apparently by by Joseph ben Nagrela who had succeeded his father as vizier Samuel. The death of the firstborn placed his second son Ben Badis Maksan as heir to the throne, but again the intrigues of the vizier Joseph ben made ​​Maksan Nagrela banished to Jaén , which declared independence.

Josseph ibn Negralla continued plotting against Ben Badis and in 1066 , reached an agreement with King Taifa of Almería, Muhammad bin al-Mu'tasin Ma'n for it was made ​​the capital of the kingdom, Granada . The conspiracy came to the attention of the people that got up killing the vizier Joseph and most of the city's Jewish population.

After the death of the vizier Joseph, the office was held by the Arab Al-Naya and, after his assassination, the Mozarabic Abu'l-Rabi , who successfully maneuvered to Ben Badis Habús not appoint his own successor Maksan , who had already lost Jaén at the hands of Seville and who was a refugee in the Taifa of Toledo , but his grandson Abd'Allah Buluggin ben , who finally succeeded when he died Badis in 1073 .