Charles Emmanuel I, "the Great" duke of Savoy

-http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/carlo-emanuele-i-duca-di-savoia...

Biography

He was born in the Castle of Rivoli in Piedmont, the only child of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy and Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry.[1] He became duke on 30 August 1580.[2]

Well-educated, and intelligent, he spoke Italian, French and Spanish, as well as Latin. He proved an able warrior although short and hunchbacked. Being also ambitious and confident, he pursued a policy of expansion for his duchy, seeking to expand it into a kingdom.[3] In the autumn of 1588, taking advantage of the civil war weakening France during the reign of his first cousin Henry III, he occupied the Marquisate of Saluzzo, which was under French protection. The new king, Henry IV, demanded the restitution of that land, but Charles Emmanuel refused, and war ensued. The broader conflict involving France and Spain ended with the Peace of Vervins (2 May 1598), which left the current but separate question of Saluzzo unsolved. After the Duke started talks with Spain, Henry threatened to return to war until, with the Treaty of Lyon (17 January 1601), Saluzzo went to Savoy in exchange for Bresse and other territories over the Alps. By terms of the treaty, the eradication of Protestants was to be carried on in the duchy.

In 1602 Charles Emmanuel attacked the city of Geneva. On 11 December that year he led his troops to the city during the night and they surrounded the city walls by two in the morning. The Savoyard cuirassiers were ordered to dismount and climb the city walls in full armour as a shock tactic. However, the alarm was raised by a night watchman and Geneva's militia rose to meet the invaders. The attempted raid was a disastrous failure, and 54 Savoyards were killed, and many more were captured. Charles Emmanuel's army retreated in a panic and the Savoyard prisoners were executed.

The heavy helmets worn by Charles Emmanuel's troops, with visors made in a stylized imitation of a human face, were known as "Savoyard" helmets after this notorious incident. A number of these suits of armour were captured by the Swiss and kept as trophies. The Geneva militia's successful defence of the city's walls is still celebrated as an act of heroism during the annual festival of L'Escalade.[4]

With the Treaty of Bruzolo (25 April 1610), Charles Emmanuel allied with France against Spain, but the assassination of Henry IV changed the situation, as the treaty was not recognized by Marie de' Medici, who immediately assumed regency for Henry's son Louis XIII, a minor. Nevertheless, Charles Emmanuel obtained the help of French troops to free Alba from the Spaniards (January 1617), as the new king resumed his father's alliance with Savoy. His sister Christine Marie was married to Charles Emmanuel's son, Victor Amadeus in 1619.

Savoyard armour captured by the Swiss after the failed siege of Geneva In the First Genoese-Savoyard War of 1625, Charles Emmanuel tried with the help of France to obtain access to the Mediterranean Sea at the expense of Genoa.[5] After Spanish intervention, the status-quo was restored in the Treaty of Monçon.

Main article: War of the Mantuan Succession

However, when the French occupied Casale Monferrato during the War of the Mantuan Succession, Charles Emmanuel allied with Spain. When Richelieu invaded Piedmont and conquered Susa, the duke changed sides again and returned to an alliance with France. However, when Philip IV of Spain sent two invasion forces from Genoa and Como, Charles Emmanuel declared himself neutral, and in 1630 Richelieu ordered a French army to march into Savoy to force the duke to comply with the pacts. The French troops, soon backed by another army, occupied Pinerolo and Avigliana. The Savoy army under Victor Amadeus was defeated in Lower Valsusa.

Charles Emmanuel was one of the most wanted candidates for the crown of a restored Serbian kingdom, hypothetically presumed after a Christian crusade against the Ottoman Empire during planning for the Great Conspiracy of the late 16th and early 17th centuries under the auspices of Serbian Patriarch Jovan, Herzegovinian Duke Grdan and other chiefs of the Serb clans.[citation needed] At the 1608 Council of monastery Morača, during a gathering of representatives of the Serb clans and the Serbian Church, Charles was elected King of Serbia and invited to convert to Eastern Orthodoxy (as a precondition for being crowned by Patriarch John) and to vow to protect Orthodox Christianity.[citation needed] The conspirators, bearing closely in mind the failures of the 1590 decade, did not want to expose themselves in any action before direct support from the West was forthcoming. Thus no broad uprising of the Balkan Christian peoples against the rule of the Ottoman Turks was sparked, as Charles Emmanuel lacked the financial resources to take the crown and restore the Serbian statehood extinguished in the 15th century.

The duke died suddenly of a stroke at Savigliano in late July 1630.[4] He was succeeded by his son Victor Amadeus.

Marriage and issue

In 1584 he married his first cousin-once-removed, Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain, daughter of Philip II of Spain and Elizabeth of Valois, who bore him ten children:[6]

• Filippo Emanuele, Prince of Piedmont (1586–1604).
• Vittorio Amedeo (1587–1637), married Christine Marie of France and had issue.
• Emanuele Filiberto (1588–1624), Spanish Viceroy of Sicily (1622–24).
• Margherita (1589–1655), married Francesco IV Gonzaga of Mantua.
• Isabella (1591–1626), married Alfonso III d'Este, Hereditary Prince of Modena.
• Maurizio, a cardinal (1593–1657).
• Maria Apollonia, a nun in Rome (1594–1656).
• Francesca Catherina, a nun in Biella (1595–1640).
• Tommaso Francesco, Prince of Carignano (1596–1656) married Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons and had issue;
• Giovanna (born and died 1597).

In Riva di Chieri on 28 November 1629, he secretly married his long-time and official mistress, Marguerite de Rossillon, Marchesa di Riva di Chieri (bap. 24 December 1599 – 10 November 1640), with whom he had four children, legitimized after the wedding but without succession rights: [citation needed]

• Maurizio (died 1645), Marchese di Poirino, Cavalry colonel.
• Margherita (died 1659), Signora of Dronero, Roccabruna e San Giuliano, married Filippo Francesco d’Este, Marchese di San Martino in Rio (ancestors of Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina).
• Gabriele (died 1695), Marchese di Riva, Cavalry lieutenant general.
• Antonio (died 1688), Abbot of San Michele della Chiusa (1642), of Santa Maria d’Aulps (1645), of Altacomba (1653), of San Benigno di Fruttuaria (1660) and Casanuova (1687), Lietunenat General of the County of Nice (1672).

In addition he had several illegitimate children:

— With Luisa de During Maréchal:

• Emanuele (1600–1652), Marchese di Andorno.

— With Virginia Pallavicino:

• Carlo Umberto (1601–1663), Marchese di Mulazzano con Gonzole, married Claudia Ferrero Fieschi.
• Silvio (died 1645), Abbot Commander of Santa Maria d’Entremont (1631), of San Lorenzo fuori le mura d’Ivrea (1642), Governor of Ivrea (1641).
• Vitichindo (d. 1668 or 1674), priest.

— With Argentina Provana:

• Felice (1604–1643), Marchese di Baldissero d’Alba, Signore of Farigliano, Sessanta, Serravalle e Sommariva del Bosco (1629), Lieutenant of the County of Nice 1625/1632.

— With Anna Felizita Cusani:

• Ludovico Cusani (died 1684), Knight of the Order of Saint Maurice and Lazarus.

— With unknown mistress:

• Anna Caterina Meraviglia (died 1660).

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Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia was born on 12 January 1562 at Rivoli. (4) He was the son of Emanuele Filiberto, Duca di Savoia and Marguerite de Valois, Duchesse de Berri. (3) He married Catalina Micaela von Habsburg, daughter of Felipe II von Habsburg, Rey de España and Elizabeth de Valois, Princesse de France, on 11 March 1585 at Saragosa, Spain.

He died on 26 July 1630 at age 68 at Savigliano. (4)

    Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia succeeded to the title of Duca di Savoia in 1580. (1)

Children of Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia and Catalina Micaela von Habsburg

-1. Felipe Emanuel di Savoia b. 2 Apr 1586, d. 13 Feb 1605

-2. Vittorio Amadeo I, Duca di Savoia+3 b. 8 May 1587, d. 7 Oct 1637

-3. Filiberto Emanuele di Savoia b. 16 Apr 1588, d. 3 Aug 1624

-4. Margherita di Savoia, Principessa di Savoia+ (4) b. 28 Apr 1589, d. 25 Jun 1655

-5. Isabel di Savoia+ b. 11 Mar 1591, d. 28 Aug 1626

-6. Maurizio di Savoia, Principe di Savoia (5) b. 10 Jan 1593, d. 4 Oct 1657

-7. Tommaso Francesco di Savoia, Principe di Carignano+6 b. 21 Dec 1596, d. 22 Jan 1656

Forrás / Source:

http://thepeerage.com/p10766.htm#i107658

Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia1 M, #107658, b. 12 January 1562, d. 26 July 1630

Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia|b. 12 Jan 1562\nd. 26 Jul 1630|p10766.htm#i107658|Emanuele Filiberto, Duca di Savoia|b. 8 Jul 1528\nd. 30 Aug 1580|p11367.htm#i113661|Marguerite de Valois, Duchesse de Berri|b. 5 Jun 1523\nd. 14 Sep 1574|p10525.htm#i105245|Carlo I., Duca di Savoia|b. 1486\nd. 1553|p11436.htm#i114357|Beatriz de Aviz, Infanta de Portugal|b. 1504\nd. 1538|p11436.htm#i114356|François I., Roi de France|b. 12 Sep 1494\nd. 31 Mar 1547|p10246.htm#i102458|Claude de Valois, Duchesse de Bretagne|b. 13 Oct 1499\nd. 20 Jul 1524|p10308.htm#i103080|

Last Edited=25 Jun 2009 Consanguinity Index=1.96%

Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia 2 Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia was born on 12 January 1562 at Rivoli.4 He was the son of Emanuele Filiberto, Duca di Savoia and Marguerite de Valois, Duchesse de Berri.3 He married Catalina Micaela von Habsburg, daughter of Felipe II von Habsburg, Rey de España and Elizabeth de Valois, Princesse de France, on 11 March 1585 at Saragosa, Spain. He died on 26 July 1630 at age 68 at Savigliano.4

    Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia succeeded to the title of Duca di Savoia in 1580.1 Children of Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia and Catalina Micaela von Habsburg 1.Felipe Emanuel di Savoia b. 2 Apr 1586, d. 13 Feb 1605 2.Vittorio Amadeo I, Duca di Savoia+3 b. 8 May 1587, d. 7 Oct 1637 3.Filiberto Emanuele di Savoia b. 16 Apr 1588, d. 3 Aug 1624 4.Margherita di Savoia, Principessa di Savoia+4 b. 28 Apr 1589, d. 25 Jun 1655 5.Isabel di Savoia+ b. 11 Mar 1591, d. 28 Aug 1626 6.Maurizio di Savoia, Principe di Savoia5 b. 10 Jan 1593, d. 4 Oct 1657 7.Tommaso Francesco di Savoia, Principe di Carignano+6 b. 21 Dec 1596, d. 22 Jan 1656 Citations 1.[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 161. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Family. 2.[S3409] Caroline Maubois, "re: Penancoet Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 2 December 2008. Hereinafter cited as "re: Penancoet Family." 3.[S16] Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), table 119. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession. 4.[S102] Roglo Geneweb Website, online <http://geneweb.inria.fr/roglo?lang=en>. Hereinafter cited as Roglo Geneweb Website. 5.[S16] Louda and MacLagan, Lines of Succession, table 121. 6.[S16] Louda and MacLagan, Lines of Succession, table 120.

https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=PyQtAAAAYAAJ&rdid=bo...

The Santuario of the Madonna Di Vico: Pantheon of Charles Emanuel I. of Savoy (c. 1907) by L. Melano Rossi

Charles Emanuel I., Duke of Savoy, was the founder of the Santuario of the Madonna di Vico, which he named "The Temple of Peace." Born at Rivoli in 1562, he succeeded his father, Emanuel Philibert, at the age of eighteen. His mother was Marguerite of Valois, sister of Henry II., King of France. It was through her that he laid claim to the crown of France when, after the death of the children of this French king, the Pope opposed the election of Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot. In 1585 he was married at Saragossa to a daughter of Philip II., Catherine of Austria, Infanta of Spain, through whom he later aspired to the Spanish throne. On his arrival at Saragossa he was invested with the Order of the Golden Fleece and presented with the sword of Francis I. of France, taken from him by Charles V. at the battle of Pavia.

Charles Emanuel was a model of the happy husband in love with his wife. When he wrote to her he used her native language :

Fece eseguire un gioiello per racchiudere il ritratto di colei che era morta d' affetto per lui, disegnando di sua mano un piccolo modello. Era una specie di medaglione chiuso, il quale aprendosi, da una parte lasciava vedere il ritratto della principessa con questo motto : "Morte levar non la può, Amor la impresse," e dall' altro i due C intrecciati, incoronati della corona ducale, attorniati da S., e con sotto un nodo d' amore, ed il motto :

Altra tomba quaggiù non può avere Caterina Real che il cor di Carlo.

Egli raccolse poi, con cura minuziosa, ogni piccolo oggetto a cui fosse legato un ricordo di lei, e tutto conservò gelosamente. Si era fatto come un museo di coserelle che gli rammentavano tanti felici momenti, e in questo vi figurava sino un foglietto di carta, su cui la Duchessa aveva posato la mano, e colla penna, forse la stessa con cui il Duca attendeva a scrivere, aveva per scherzo disegnato i loro ritratti. Chi sa quanti ricordi erano legati, per Carlo Emanuele, a quel pezzetto di carta ! Egli vi scrisse sotto di suo pugno, in spagnuolo, la lingua più usata da lei : " Fatto di mano della mia signora." Poi le eorde del suo cuore, scosse dal dolore, vibrarono fortemente, e poetò, ed ecco qui un saggio de' suoi versi, fatti in quella occasione.

Albergo ove il mio ben stette c si piacque, Com' or mi torna in voi il mio destino ? Il sol gia si spari nel bel mattino, Tu cieco io senza luce Restiamo allo sparir del lume amato E cosi con ragione anco s' induce Il mio dolor di star con te alloggiato

(English translation per Google):

He had a jewel made to enclose the portrait of the one who had died of affection, drawing a small model by himself. It was a kind of closed medallion which, opening up on one side, let the princess's portrait be seen with this motto: "Death cannot rise, Love impresses," and on the other hand the two C's entwined, crowned with the ducal crown, surrounded by S., and with a knot of love underneath, and the motto:

Another tomb down here cannot have Caterina Real that Carlo's heart.

He then collected, with meticulous care, every little object to which a memory of her was tied, and all kept jealously. It was like a museum of coserelle that reminded him of so many happy moments, in it there appeared a little piece of paper, on which the Duchess had laid her hand, and with the pen, perhaps the same one with which the Duke was waiting to write, she had jokingly designed their portraits. Who knows how many memories were linked, for Carlo Emanuele, to that piece of paper! He wrote under his hand, in Spanish, the language most used by her: "Made by the hand of my lady." Then the hordes of his heart, shaken by grief, vibrated strongly, and he poetized, and here was a sage of his verses, made on that occasion.

Hotel where my well-being was appreciated,

How did my destiny come back to you?

The sun is already blown away in the fine morning,

Blind I am without your light

Let us remain at the disappearance of the beloved light

And so with reason it is also induced

My sorrow of being lodged with you...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy