Charles IV, duke of Lorraine

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Charles IV (April 5, 1604, Nancy – September 18, 1675) was Duke of Lorraine from 1624 to 1634, when he abdicated under French pressure in favor of his younger brother, and again from 1661 until 1675.

Biography

He came to lose his duchy because of his notionally anti-French policy for in 1633, French troops invaded Lorraine in retaliation for Charles's support of Gaston d'Orléans-—who repeatedly plotted against Richelieu's governance of France under the childless Louis XIII and treated dangerously with its enemies as a young heir apparent—-and Richelieu's policies were always anti-Habsburg so as to increase the strength and prestige of France at the expense of the two dynasties. Gaston d'Orléans, frequently sided with either branch of the Habsburg family against Richelieu, who was de facto ruler of France as its Chief Minister, and had to flee several times to avoid charges and trial for treason. His allies and confederates generally bore the price of these escapades by the young and impetuous heir and Charles IV was one such.

In that circumstance and sense, Charles was a casualty of the fierce factional infighting in the French court between the King's brother Gaston d'Orléans, and Cardinal Richelieu, even though technically, Lorraine was subject to the Holy Roman Empire and the Emperor Ferdinand II of Austria. Forced to make humiliating concessions to France, he abdicated under the French pressure and invasion in 1634 in favor of his brother and entered the imperial service in the Thirty Years' War.

In 1651 Charles IV was approached by an Irish delegation who were seeking his support to defend Ireland from the invasion of the Parliamentarian army of England. Traditional accounts of the Cromwellian wars often dismiss the appeal to Lorraine as an act of desperation, but recently one historian has argued that the stateless Duke was in fact seriously interested in becoming the Protector of Ireland. In the summer of 1652, a number of ships sent by Charles arrived at Inishbofin island with supplies, one of the last strongholds of the Irish. Unfortunately Charles faced great opposition by the Irish Leaders Clanricarde and Ormonde, both of whom were arch-royalists loyal to Charles II of England. Lorraine eventually concluded that Ireland had been destroyed by the jealousy of those who desired the loss of it, than they should be obliged for its recovery to the protection of his said Highness.

In 1670, the duchy was again occupied by the French under King Louis XIV. He served in the Imperial armies in both the Thirty Years' War and the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678), both of which added to the power of France.

In 1675 he defeated François de Créquy at Konzer Brucke, and died the same year in Austrian service. The duchy was not restored to his family until more than twenty years later.

He is sometimes numbered as Charles III of Lorraine.

Issue

Charles married first Nicolette of Lorraine, whom he deposed and replaced as monarch of Lorraine in 1625. In 1637, he married Béatrice de Cusance and had children;

1. Francis de Lorraine (1637 † 1638);

His marriage to Béatrice de Cusance was not considered valid, because the church did not recognize his divorce from Nicole. The couple separated when he was excommunicated because of the marriage. After the death of Nicole in 1657, however, he married Béatrice de Cusance a second time to legitimize their children. The couple did not resume their relationship, however. Their children:

1. Joseph de Lorraine (October 1637 - February 1638).
2. Anne de Lorraine [1] (1639 † 1720), married her cousin François Marie de Lorraine (1624 † 1694), Prince of Lillebonne in 1660,had issue;
3. Charles Henri de Lorraine[2] (1649 † 1723), Prince of Vaudémont and of Commercy.

Charles married a fourth time at the age of 61. The bride was Marie Louise d'Aspremont (1652–1692), the 18-year-old daughter of Charles d'Aspremont-Lynden, Count of Rekem, and of Marie Françoise de Mailly. They had no children and in 1679, a widow, she married Count Heinrich Franz von Mansfeld, Prince di Fondi, by whom she had two daughters.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV_de_Lorraine

Charles IV de Lorraine

Charles de Vaudémont (en allemand Karl IV.), né le 5 avril 1604 à Nancy, mort le 18 septembre 1675 à Bernkastel, est duc de Lorraine et de Bar, de jure de 1625 à 1675 (de facto de 1625 à 1634, en 1641 et de 1659 à 1670), sous le nom de Charles IV.