HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel

Also known as Henry IV Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg

• HEINRICH I (14 June 1463 – 23 June 1514), called the Elder (German: Heinrich der Ältere), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Wolfenbüttel from 1491 until his death.

Married

• Married: HEINRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel on (24 Jun 1463-killed in battle Leerort 23 Jun 1514, bur Braunschweig Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Hertoghen Hinrick unde Hertoghen Ereken” as the two sons of “Hertoghe Wilhelm, Hertoghen Wilhelms sone des olden to Brunswick unde to Lunenborch” and his wife[397]. He succeeded his father in 1503 as HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. m (contract 24 Jun 1485, Aug 1486) KATHARINA von Pommern, daughter of ERICH II Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast & his second wife Sophie von Pommern (1465-Wolfenbuttel 1526). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that “Hertogh Hinrick, Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, over Wolt by der Leyne” married “Margaretam, Hertoghen Bucksleves suster to Pomern unde Bart”[398].

HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel & KATHARINA von Pommern is Wife had Nine Children

• 1) CHRISTOPH (1487-Angermünde 22 Jan 1558, bur Verden Cathedral). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Christoph...Hinrich” as the two sons of “Hertogh Hinrick, Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, over Wolt by der Leyne” and his wife[399]. Elected Archbishop of Bremen 1493, coadjutor 1500, installed 1511. Bishop of Verden 1502.
• 2) HEINRICH von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (10 Nov 1489-Wolfenbüttel 11 Jun 1568, bur Wolfenbüttel). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Christoph...Hinrich” as the two sons of “Hertogh Hinrick, Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, over Wolt by der Leyne” and his wife[400]. He succeeded his father in 1514 as HEINRICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel.
• 3) ELISABETH (-[6 Nov 1560/24 Mar 1563]). Botho’s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names “Elizabeth” as the daughter of “Hertogh Hinrick, Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch, over Wolt by der Leyne” and his wife[401]. Nun at Steterburg 1503, domina until 1556.
• 4). KATHARINA (-Neuhaus 29 Jun 1563, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral). m (Wolfenbüttel [17/20] Nov 1509) MAGNUS I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of JOHANN V Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Dorothea von Brandenburg (-1 Aug 1543, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).
• 5) FRANZ (1492-Wolfenbüttel 25 Nov 1529, bur Riddagshausen). Bishop of Minden 1508.
• 6) GEORG (22 Nov 1494-Bremervörde 4 Dec 1566, bur Verden Cathedral). Canon at Köln Cathedral 1514, provost 1530. Canon at Strasbourg Cathedral and at St Gereon, Köln 1523. Provost at St Blasius, Braunschweig 1523. Archdeacon at Strasbourg 1524. Bishop of Minden 1554. Elected Archbishop of Bremen and Bishop of Verden 1558. Installed as Archbishop of Bremen 1561.
• 7) ERICH ([1500]-29 Nov 1553). Knight of the Teutonic Order 1517. Comtur at Memel 1519/1525, and at Koblenz 1524/1532.
• 8) WILHELM (-1557 before 8 Oct). Knight of the Teutonic Order, comtur at Mirow 1541/1552.
• 9) JOHANN (-young, bur Wittenberg).

Source - Project MedLand, BRUNSWICK

History

Henry's father, Duke William IV of Brunswick-Lüneburg retired in 1491, leaving government of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel with Caleneberg to his two sons Henry the Elder and Eric, and only kept the Principality of Göttingen for himself. In 1494, the brothers divided their territories between them: Henry received the eastern part of the state, with the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel, while Eric took over the Calenberg estates.

Starting in 1492, Henry laid siege to the City of Brunswick for a year and a half to enforce tax payments; the siege ended with a compromise. On 24 November 1498 Henry IV, Magnus and the latter's father John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg allied in order to conquer the Land of Wursten, a de facto autonomous region of free Frisian peasants in a marsh at the Weser estuary, under the loose overlordship of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.[1] Henry obliged to send 3,000 lansquenets to the Land of Hadeln, the Lauenburgian exclave serving as beachhead, with the lansquenets meant to gain their payment by looting and plundering the free peasants of Wursten, once successfully subjected.[2]

On 16 November, Prince-Archbishop Johann Rode of Bremen had prepared for this by concluding a defensive alliance with Hamburg, fearing for its military outpost Ritzebüttel at the Outer Elbe protecting free navigation from and to the city.[1] Rode gained more allies on 1 August 1499 (Bremen city, Buxtehude, Ditmarsh, and Stade), providing 1,300 warriors and equipment to defend Wursten and / or invade Hadeln, and waged a pre-emptive feud on John V and his allies on 9 September 1499.[3] Rode's allied forces easily conquered the Land of Hadeln.[4]

By 20 November 1499 Magnus hired the so-called Great or Black Guard of ruthless and violent Dutch and East Frisian mercenaries, commanded by Thomas Slentz, recapturing Hadeln in early 1500.[4][5] By early December 1499 Rode had addressed Duke Henry IV for help, who was actually allied with Magnus.[6] In return Rode offered to appoint Henry's 12-year-old son Christopher as his coadjutor, a position usually (as coadiutor cum iure succedendi), and in this case indeed, entailing the succession to the respective see.[6] This exactly accomplished Henry's own expansionist ambitions, so he converted to Rode's column.[7]

Henry IV and his troops were then hunting the Black Guard. Mediated by Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Calenberg and Henry IV, Rode and Magnus concluded peace on 20 January 1500.[7] Hadeln was restored to Magnus, thus no substantial change as compared with the status quo ante.[8]

On 1 February Rode and Bremen's cathedral chapter officially appointed Christopher as coadjutor.[8] Rode and chapter had agreed to pay for Christopher's necessary papal dispensation from the canon-law age limit, as he was too young to be coadjutor, while Henry IV guaranteed military support for the prince-archbishopric.[8] In 1501, Henry attacked Frisian Butjadingen, in order to subject it to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, but he had to abort the campaign. On 7 May 1501 Pope Alexander VI dispensed Christopher from being underage, which cost the Bremian see 1,500 Rhenish guilders.[8] Alexander VI confirmed Christopher as coadjutor under the proviso that he should only ascend to office having come of age (27 years), which was in 1514.[8] However, Christopher de facto assumed the rule in 1511, after Rode's death.

In 1509 Magnus and Henry's daughter Catherine married, which sealed the reconciliation of Henry and Magnus. In 1511, Henry, together with the other members of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, conquered the County of Hoya, which had refused to recognize Brunswick-Lüneburg as its liege lord. A second attack on East Frisia in 1514—in the course of the Saxon Feud—led to Henry's death; his head was shot off during the siege of Leerort Castle (today part of Leer).

Links

• The Peerage
• Geneall
• Deutsch
• Nederlands
• Projects/MedLands/BRUNSWICK

Sources

• Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 266. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
• Elke Freifrau von Boeselager, "Das Land Hadeln bis zum Beginn der frühen Neuzeit", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 321–388, here p. 332. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
• Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here pp. 267 seq. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
• a b Karl Ernst Hermann Krause, "Johann III., Erzbischof von Bremen", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. 14, pp. 183–185, here p. 184.
• Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 267. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
• a b Karl Schleif, Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen, see references for bibliographical details, p. 20.
• a b Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 268. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
• a b c d e Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 269. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
• Elke Freifrau von Boeselager, „Das Land Hadeln bis zum Beginn der frühen Neuzeit", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg und Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995), vol. II Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995), vol. III Neuzeit (2008), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), ISBN (vol. I) ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5, (vol. II) ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2, (vol. III) ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9, vol. II: pp. 321–388.
• Karl Ernst Hermann Krause (1881), "Johann III. (Erzbischof von Bremen)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 14, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 183–185
• Karl Schleif, Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen, Hamburg: no publ., 1972, (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vol. 1), zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1968.
• Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I Vor- und Frühgeschichte (1995), vol. II Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte) (1995), vol. III Neuzeit (2008), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), ISBN (vol. I) ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5, (vol. II) ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2, (vol. III) ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9, vol. II: pp. 263–278.
• (in German) Zedlers Universal-Lexicon, vol. 12, p. 776
• (in German) At the House of Welf site