Ingunda, Visigoth queen consort

Ingund

• Ingunda of Metz, Ingunda of the Franks
• Birth: c. 567 Metz
• Death: 585 Carthage
• Dynasty: Merovingian
• Father: Sigebert l
• Mother: Brunehilda
• Siblings: Childebert II; Chlodosinda
• Spouse: Hermenegild
• Child: Athanagild
• Religion: Catholicism
• Occupation: Visigoth queen consort

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Ingund, Ingund, Ingundis or Ingunda (born in 567/568), was the eldest child of Sigebert I, king of Austrasia, and his wife Brunhilda, daughter of King Athanagild of the Visigoths. She married Hermenegild and became the first Catholic queen of the Visigoths.

Following the tradition of the time, it would follow that Ingund was named after her father's mother. Her siblings included a sister, Chlodosind (born about 569) and a brother Childebert (born 570). Sigebert became ruler of the Frankish kingdom of Austrasia in 561 on the death of his father Chlothar I.

In 579 Prince Hermenegild married Ingund, he being an Arian and she a Catholic. At first Ingund was warmly received by Queen Goiswintha.[3] However, the queen was determined that Ingund should be re-baptized in the Arian faith. Ingund, still only twelve, firmly refused. According to Gregory of Tours: "the Queen lost her temper completely" and "seized the girl by her hair and threw her to the ground: then she kicked her until she was covered with blood, had her stripped naked and ordered her to be thrown into the baptismal pool".[4] Whether because of this fracas, or, more likely, because of Leovigild's desire to assure the succession of his sons (consistent with his previous actions to associate his sons with himself as rulers of the kingdom[5]), he sent Hermenegild and Ingund to Seville to rule a portion of his kingdom—presumably the province of Baetica and southern Lusitania.

In the winter of 579–80 Hermenegild proclaimed himself king at Seville and, yet, he continued to also refer to his father as 'King'. Whether or not Hermenegild held the Orthodox Christian belief in the Trinity at this time cannot be known, for it is not till 582 that he "officially" accepted the Catholic faith. However, from the beginning, he seems to have been supported by those who support the Catholic cause. For already in 580 Leander travelled to Constantinople to plead the rebels' cause and seek aid from the Byzantine Empire.

Sometime between 580 and 582 Hermenegild and Ingund had a son named Athanagild after his matrilineal great-grandfather king Athanagild.

Leovigild more or less ignored his son's transgression until 582 when he marched on Mérida and captured the city. It is difficult to determine whether this was because of Hermenegild's new found Catholicism or a coincidence. Nevertheless, Leovigild saw in Arianism Visigothic identity and any threat to this identity as a threat to Visigoth legitimacy to rule. He viewed Catholicism as the 'Roman' religion and Arianism as the Visigoth religion.[10] Leovigild's response may have been primarily a reaction to Hermenegild and other Visigoth nobles who had, at one time or another, converted to Catholicism.[11]

By 584 the revolt had decidedly turned against Hermenegild and its outcome became all too clear. Ingund with their young son fled to the neighboring Byzantine cities of Spain, who later refused to turn them over to Leovigild.[12]

Hermenegild was defeated in 584 and exiled, executed on 13 April 585. His death was later celebrated as a martyrdom due to the influence of Pope Gregory I's Dialogues, in which he portrayed Hermenegild as a "Catholic martyr rebelling against the tyranny of an Arian father."

On her way to Constantinople with her son Athanagild, Ingund died (584) in Carthage, Africa and was buried there.[13] The cause of her early death is not recorded, but one of the world's greatest plagues ravaged the Mediterranean at this time. Athanagild survived the journey to the Byzantine capital of Constantinople where he was brought up by Emperor Maurice.

Biography

Ingonde des Francs was born circa 559 [sic]. She was the daughter of Sigibertus I, rex Austrasii and Brunechildis the Visigoth.1,2 Ingonde des Francs married Hermenegild II "the Holy", son of Leovigild I, King of Spain and Theodosia of Cartagena, in 579; Ingund was in fact the cousin, once removed, of Hermenegild. Her mother's father was the uncle of Hermenegild.3,4,5 Ingonde des Francs was fled to Africa following the execution of her husband at the hands of his father after May 585.3 "Ingundis indeed fled from the Spaniards after the death of her husband and martyr and when she sought to return to Gaul, she fell into the hands of the soldiers who were stationed on the boundary opposite the Spanish Goths, and was taken with her little son and brought to Sicily and there ended her days."6 She died at Carthage, Africa. The soldiers into whose hands Ingundis fell were Greeks. She probably died at Carthage in Africa, not in Sicily.7

Family

Hermenegild II "the Holy" b. circa 555, d. 13 April 585

Child

Athanagild II the Visigoth+ b. 5831,6

Family

Charles Cawley’s Project Medieval Lands. SPAIN: VANDALS, SUEVI & VISIGOTHS v4.0 Updated 28 February 2019 “Chapter 3. VISIGOTHS in SPAIN 531-711.”

King Leovigildo & his first wife had two children:

1. HERMENEGILDO “the Holy” ([550/55]-murdered Tarragona 13 Apr 586). … The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records that Hermenegildo was sent into exile in 584 and in 585 was killed "in urbe Tarraconensi" by "Sisberto"[224]. He was canonised in 1586.

m (579) INGUNDIS [Ingonde] of the Franks, daughter of SIGEBERT I King of the Franks & his wife Brunechildis of the Visigoths ([567/68]-in Africa Autumn 586). The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records the marriage in 579 of "Leovegildus rex Hermenegildo filio" and "filiam Sisberti regis Francorum"[225]. Gregory of Tours records that one of the sons of Leovigildo by his first wife married the daughter of Sigebert King of the Franks, in a later passage naming her "Ingund", specifying that she married Hermenegildo, older son of Leovigildo, and that she was mistreated by her husband's stepmother[226]. Paulus Diaconus records that "Childebertus rex Ingundem sororem suam" married "Herminigildo, Levigildi Hispanorum regis filio", and that she fled Spain for France after the death of her husband but was captured and taken to Sicily where she died[227]. Gregory of Tours records that her father-in-law left her "to the good graces of the Greeks" after imprisoning her husband and was unable to "force the Greeks to hand" her over[228]. She fled to Africa with her son after her husband was killed, seeking refuge with the Eastern Emperor[229].

Hermenegildo and his wife had one child:

• a) son . Paulus Diaconus records that, after Ingundis was captured following her husband's death, "filius eius" was handed over to Emperor Mauricius and taken to Constantinople[230]. same person as…? ATANAGILDO. Salazar y Castro, in his genealogical table of the Visigothic kings, shows "Atanagildo" as the son of Hermenegildo, as well as his marriage to "Flavia Juliana hija de Pedro Augusto, hermano del Emperador Mauricio", and their sons "Paulo" and "Ardavasto", as well as the latter´s marriage to "prima, hija o hermana del Rey Cindasuindo"[231] (see below). The primary sources on which these statements are based are not specified. The table includes numerous errors and the information should therefore be viewed with caution.

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Family notes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingund_(wife_of_Hermenegild)

17th-century Spanish genealogist Luis Bartolomé de Salazar y Castro gave Ardabast's father as Athanagild, the son of Saint Hermenegild and Ingund, and his mother as Flavia Juliana, a daughter of Peter Augustus and niece of the Emperor Maurice.[20] This imperial connection is disputed by Christian Settipani, who says that the only source for Athanagild's marriage to Flavia Julia is José Pellicer, who he claims to be a forger.[21]

3. Goiswintha was not only Ingund's stepmother-in-law but also her maternal grandmother. Ingund's mother Brunhild was the daughter of King Athanagild and Goiswintha. Athanagild died in 567.

21. Christian Settipani, Les ancêtres de Charlemagne, p. 431

References

• [S231] Ian Wood, The Merovingian Kings, Prosopography, pg. 350-363.
• [S1405] Various EB CD 2004, Leovigild.
• [S172] Various Encyclopaedea Britannica.
• [S187] Royal Genealogy Database, online http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/, Says 580 though..
• [S467] GdRdF, online http://jeanjacques.villemag.free.fr/
• [S1596] Paul the Deacon, PDHL, 3.XXI.
• [S1596] Paul the Deacon, PDHL, 3.XXI, footnote 4, (Hodgkin, V, 256).
• http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/PRF/individual_record.asp?re...
• http://gajupi.iespana.es/reinas.htm
• http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingund
• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingundis
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingund_(wife_of_Hermenegild) cites

1. Collins, Roger Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400-1000 Second Edition. New York: St. Martin's Press
2. Thompson, E.A. The Goths in Spain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969
3. Treadgold, Warren T. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997
4. Gibbon, Edward, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Volume IV. London: The Folio Society
5. Gregory of Tours, The History of the Franks, England: Penguin Books Ltd. 1974

Ingund

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Ingund (Ingunde, Inguthis) (* wohl 567; † 585 in Karthago) war die Gattin des westgotischen Thronfolgers Hermenegild. Sie war eine Tochter des fränkischen Königs Sigibert I. von Austrasien und der Brunichilde, die Tochter des westgotischen Königs Athanagild war.

Der Westgotenkönig Leovigild verheiratete 579 seinen älteren Sohn Hermenegild mit Ingund. Daraus entstand ein religiöser Konflikt, denn Ingund war wie alle Franken katholischen Glaubens, wogegen die westgotische Königsfamilie am Arianismus festhielt, obwohl die Katholiken den größeren Teil der Reichsbevölkerung ausmachten.

Ingund war trotz nachdrücklicher Aufforderungen der Königin Goswintha (Goiswintha) nicht bereit, zum Arianismus überzutreten. Goswintha war Hermenegilds Stiefmutter und zugleich Ingunds Großmutter mütterlicherseits. Zur Milderung dieser Spannungen schickte Leovigild seinen Sohn und seine Schwiegertochter nach Sevilla. Von dort aus sollte Hermenegild, der bereits seit 573 Mitkönig war, einen südlichen Teil des Westgotenreichs verwalten.

Ingund fand Unterstützung beim katholischen Bischof Leander von Sevilla. Der gemeinsame Einfluss von Leander und Ingund bewirkte, dass Hermenegild öffentlich zum katholischen Glauben übertrat. Außerdem begann er 579 einen Aufstand gegen seinen Vater. In der Forschung ist umstritten, welches dieser beiden Ereignisse zuerst geschah und ob eines von ihnen die Ursache des anderen war oder kein ursächlicher Zusammenhang zwischen ihnen bestand. Der Aufstand fand wenig Unterstützung, obwohl Hermenegild als Vorkämpfer des Katholizismus auftrat. Leovigild strebte zunächst vergeblich eine friedliche Lösung an. Ab 582 ging er mit einer überlegenen Streitmacht gegen seinen Sohn vor und schlug die Rebellion nieder. Anfang 584 kapitulierte Hermenegild. Ingund verblieb mit ihrem Sohn Athanagild im Machtbereich der Byzantiner, die noch einen kleinen Teil Südspaniens beherrschten und mit Hermenegild verbündet gewesen waren, allerdings ohne ihn aktiv zu unterstützen. Sie starb im byzantinischen Nordafrika, Athanagild wurde nach Konstantinopel gebracht.

Hermenegild blieb in Haft. 585 wurde er ermordet, angeblich weil er sich weigerte, zum Arianismus zurückzukehren. Die Hintergründe der Tat bleiben unklar, und es ist unsicher, ob sein Vater den Mordbefehl gab.

Weblinks  [Bearbeiten]

Ingunde von Austrasien

Forrás / Source:

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingund

Family

Hermenegild II "the Holy" b. circa 555, d. 13 April 585

Child

Athanagild II the Visigoth+ b. 5831,6

Citations

[S231] Ian Wood, The Merovingian Kings, Prosopography, pg. 350-363.

[S1405] Various EB CD 2004, Leovigild.

[S172] Various Encyclopaedea Britannica.

[S187] Royal Genealogy Database, online http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/, Says 580 though..

[S467] GdRdF, online http://jeanjacques.villemag.free.fr/

[S1596] Paul the Deacon, PDHL, 3.XXI.

[S1596] Paul the Deacon, PDHL, 3.XXI, footnote 4, (Hodgkin, V, 256).

http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/PRF/individual_record.asp?re...

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingundis

Ingundis o Ingunda (??-584) reina visigoda. Era una princesa franca, hija de Sigeberto I y de Brunegilda y, dentro de una política de alianzas políticas pactada entre su madre Brunegilda y su abuela, la reina visigoda Gosuinda, se casó con Hermenegildo, hijo del rey visigodo Leovigildo.

Al llegar a la corte toledana fue bien recibida por su futuro marido y sus suegros, Leovigildo y Gosuinda (quien también era su abuela, por ser madre de Brunegilda). Esta relación se enturbió rápidamente por la negativa de Ingundis a ser bautizada como arriana. Por su resistencia a convertirse al arrianismo, sufrió maltratos de su suegra y abuela, Gosuinda. Esta situación parece enderezarse cuando Leovigildo asocia al trono a Hermenegildo y lo manda a la Bética. Allí, Inngunda conoció a san Leandro de Sevilla, que se convierte en su apoyo, y logra la conversión al catolicismo de su marido, el príncipe Hermenegildo.

En esta situación, Hermenegildo se rebeló contra su padre el año 580 (hay quienes dicen que incitado por Gosuinda). Las razones del apoyo de Gosuinda e Ingunda a la rebelión no son claras, pero una conjetura es la siguiente: Gosuinda busca la vuelta al poder en Toledo; Ingunda apoya incondicionalmente a su marido, quien se ha convertido en el príncipe defensor de los católicos frente al arrianismo. Esta última hipótesis es contradicha por historiadores como E.A.Thompson, quien cita suficiente evidencia que ni todos los católicos apoyaron a Hermenegildo ni todos los arrianos a Leovigildo.

Leovigildo terminó venciendo a Hermenegildo, quien fue ajusticiado por orden suya. La joven reina, con su hijo aún lactante, optó por huir a Roma o a Constantinopla, pero murió en algún punto del trayecto a la capital bizantina, en 584.

FUENTES:

-http://gajupi.iespana.es/reinas.htm

Family

Hermenegild II "the Holy" b. circa 555, d. 13 April 585

Child

Athanagild II the Visigoth+ b. 5831,6

Citations

[S231] Ian Wood, The Merovingian Kings, Prosopography, pg. 350-363.

[S1405] Various EB CD 2004, Leovigild.

[S172] Various Encyclopaedea Britannica.

[S187] Royal Genealogy Database, online http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/, Says 580 though..

[S467] GdRdF, online http://jeanjacques.villemag.free.fr/

[S1596] Paul the Deacon, PDHL, 3.XXI.

[S1596] Paul the Deacon, PDHL, 3.XXI, footnote 4, (Hodgkin, V, 256).

http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/PRF/individual_record.asp?re...