Joan de Stuteville, heiress of Cottingham

Hugh Wake; feudal Lord of Bourne; Sheriff of Yorks, Constable of Scarborough Castle 1239; married by 29 May 1229 Joan (married 2nd by 5 Feb 1243/4 Hugh Bigod, Chief Justiciar of England and died 1276, being by him mother of Roger Bigod, 5th and last Earl of Norfolk of the 1140-41 creation), eldest daughter and coheir of Nicholas de Stuteville by Devorguille, daughter of Roland, feudal Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland.

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Sir Hugh III le Bigod Chief Justice of England, was born 1214 in Thetford, Norfolk, England. He died Nov 1266 in Cottingham, East Riding, Yorkshire, England. Hugh married Joan de Stuteville on Feb 1243 in Thetford, Norfolk, England.

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Joan de Stuteville, was born 1216 in Liddell, Cumberland, England. She died Apr 1276 in Cottingham, East Riding, Yorkshire, England.
Joan married Sir Hugh III le Bigod, Chief Justice (Justiciar) of England by 5 Feb 1243 in Thetford, Norfolk, England.

They had the following children:

		M	i	 Roger IV le Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk was born 1245 and died 7 Dec 1306.

		F	ii	 Joan le Bigod was born 1247.

		M	iii	 John le Bigod was born 1249.

Sources:

• 1. [http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=gonefishi...] [Hardly a trustworthy primary source! The Burnet connection is unsupported ]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liddel_Strength
excerpt

Liddel Strength is an ancient monument near Carwinley, Cumbria, in northwest England. It consists of the earthwork remains of an Anglo-Norman border fortification, the seat of the barony of Liddel, destroyed by the Scots in 1346 (a wooden motte and bailey castle at the time of its destruction; possibly earlier a ringwork) and fragmentary remains of a pele tower subsequently built upon the site. It has been suggested that 'Strength' translates the Latin fortalitium more usually rendered as fortalice, meaning a small, or second-rate, fort.

It has also been known as Liddel Moat, and has given its name to Moat Quarter in which it lies, and the castle is referred to in mediaeval documents as the Peel of Liddell or the castle of Liddel. However, it is not the same as - although sometimes understandably confused with - Liddel Castle -also known as Liddel Motte.*

Barony of Liddel:

The barony of Liddel had an extent roughly that of the modern parishes of Arthuret, Kirkandrews-on-Esk and Nicholforest.

It is thought to have been created by Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester in or before the first decade of the 12th century and given by him to Turgis Brandos, descending by his son William Brandos, probably also known as William of Rosedale) to Turgis/Turgot de Rossedale (Rosedale in Yorkshire).

However 'Benedict of Peterborough' reports that in 1174, whilst besieging Carlisle William the Lion ...went in person with the remaining part of his army through Northumbria, wasting the lands of the king and of his barons ; and took with his arms the castle of Liddell, which belonged to Nicholas de Estuteville ...

It is not clear how Nicholas de Stuteville had supplanted the de Rosedales, but he was well connected; the second son of a High Sheriff of Yorkshire, and his grandfather had been one of the Yorkshire magnates present at the Battle of the Standard. Henry II seems to have favoured the family; two of the other castles taken by William were the responsibility of Stutevilles; a Stuteville was in the party of knights that captured William at Alnwick later in 1174, and Henry installed Stutevilles as castellans in two of the castles William surrendered to Henry.

Although Nicholas's branch of the Stutevilles were Barons of Liddell, Liddel was never their principal seat; that lay at Cottingham in the East Riding of Yorkshire where in 1200 they entertained King John, and were granted a licence to fortify and moat their manor house in 1201.

The Stuteville estates passed by marriage into the le Wake family, whose principal seat was at Bourne, Lincolnshire, and in 1346 the castle belonged to the noble baron Sir Thomas Wake, lord of Liddel as he was described by the Lanercost Chronicle in its account of an English incursion into Scotland, intended to be major, but restricted to a 12-day raid by bad weather. he led in 1337.

Wake was one of 'the Disinherited', those who had lost thir Scottish holdings as a result of the battle of Bannockburn, and fought at Dupplin Moor. Wake and his sister Margaret had both married Plantagenets; he was the son-in-law of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster; she, having first married a son of the Comyn slain by Robert the Bruce, only to be widowed when he was killed at Bannockburn, had married - and was now the widow of - Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent.

• "Liddel Castle (67934)". 'Canmore' (Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland). Retrieved 11 March 2013.

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from Early Yorkshire Charters - Joan married Hugh Wake before 29 May 1229 - Hugh was pardoned for having married her without the kings license - on 5 July 1234 the sheriff was ordered to give Hugh Wake and William Mastic seisinof Nicholas II de Stuteville lands not belonging to the manor of Cottingham. - in 1241 after the death of Eustace, Cottingham with the honors of Liddel and Rosedale, Joan de Stuteville became sole heirs of these lands, first by the death of her sister in 1235 and then the death of Eustace's in 1241 - Hugh Wake died of=n crusade in 1241, and on 2 January 1242 the king granted to Joan his widow the custody of his lands to hold until the lawful age of his heirs... - before Michaelmas 1244 she married secondly, Hugh Bigod, Chief Justice of England, brother of Roger bigod, earl of Norfolk, and by whom she was the mother of Roger Bigod who succeeded as earl of Norfolk in 1270 - she died shortly before 6 April 1276, her heir being Baldwin Wake whom she had enfeoffed of the manor of Kirkby Moorside two years previous. -Sir Baldwin Wake died shortly before 10 February 1281. His son John was summoned as baron; and the Stuteville inheritance passed eventually to the letters granddaughter Joan, sister and heir of John earl of Kent, who she married first Sir Thomas de Holand and secondly Edward prince Wales, by whom she was the mother of king Richard II, her heir was her son Thomas Holand earl of Kent and lord Wake.

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https://ancientmonuments.uk/118023-baynard-castle-cottingham#.Yj5Or...

Entry Name: Baynard Castle

Scheduled Date: 29 September 1949

Last Amended: 9 February 2001

Source: Historic England

Source ID: 1019823

English Heritage Legacy ID: 32633

County: East Riding of Yorkshire

Civil Parish: Cottingham

Built-Up Area: Cottingham

Traditional County: Yorkshire

Lieutenancy Area (Ceremonial County): East Riding of Yorkshire

Church of England Parish: Cottingham St Mary

Church of England Diocese: York

Details
The monument includes buried and earthwork remains of part of a medieval magnate's residence, which has been known as Baynard Castle since at least the 19th century.
The monument includes the inner court, the full circuit of the inner moat, part of the outer court which retains known medieval archaeological remains, and the undeveloped part of the surrounding defensive bank. The rest of the outer court, defensive bank and surrounding outer moat have been developed for housing during the 20th century, and the level of archaeological survival in this part is unknown and it is therefore not included in the scheduling.
The Domesday Book records that Cottingham passed from Gamel son of Osbert to Hugh FitzBaldric after the Norman Conquest, but shortly after 1089 FitzBaldric's Yorkshire lands were forfeited and passed to Robert Front de Boeuf who founded the de Stuteville line.
A manor house was on the site by the 1170s when it is first mentioned in documents. In 1201, William de Stuteville was granted licence to fortify and moat his manor house, possibly as a reward for entertaining King John in the previous year. After the death of the last
male de Stuteville in 1233 the manor passed to the le Wake family by marriage.

In 1282 the site was described as being well built with a double ditch and enclosed by a wall. It was now the principal seat of the family and it was from here that Baron John le Wake was summoned to the 1295 parliament and where he entertained Edward I for Christmas four years later. Thomas Wake is said to have been granted the right to convert his manor house into a castle with an armed garrison by Edward II in 1319, although the surviving licence was made in 1327 by Edward III. Thomas Wake died in 1349, by which time the manor house was described as ruinous.
The manor then passed via his sister to the Holland family, the earls of Kent. In 1364 the moat was recorded as producing fish, and in the following year the repair of the house by the gate was ordered.
In 1407 the manor of Cottingham was divided into three separate manors for three daughters who were married to the Duke of Richmond, Earl of Westmorland and Lord Powis respectively.
From this time onwards, only the site of the old castle was mentioned in documents, for instance in 1434 when two garrets or watch towers were referred to, and when the gatehouse was rebuilt in 1500-1501. The early antiquarian, John Leyland visited the site in 1538 and noted four mean farmers' houses within the castle garth and in 1590 William Camden described the castle as an ancient ruin utterly fallen into decay. By the mid-17th century the Cottingham manors had reverted to the Crown and were then sold off by Charles I.
The timber framed house at the centre of the monument once known as Sarum Manor, but now as the Old Manor House, is thought to have been one of the four houses noted by Leyland in 1538.
The 25 inch Ordnance Survey map of 1911 shows the earthworks of Baynard Castle before the extensive development for housing in the area later in the 20th
century. The inner bailey is approximately square, 90m east-west and nearly 100m north-south and rises to a high point in its north eastern quadrant approximately 7m above the surrounding landscape. In this area parch marks have been noted in dry summers which imply buried wall lines. The Old Manor House, which is Listed Grade II, lies roughly centrally in the southern part
of the inner court at a slight angle to the line of the southern moat. A small excavation immediately to its east in 1995 uncovered over 1.4m depth of medieval deposits sealed below nearly 0.5m of later material and garden soils.
The remains included a 12th century pit overlain by a massive chalk and limestone wall 1.9m wide. The items found with the associated floor and yard surfaces suggested that the wall was part of a high status building which was in use in the 13th and 14th centuries. The inner court is surrounded by the
earthworks of a substantial moat ditch typically 30m wide and over 2m deep.
This will have originally been much deeper and will contain important medieval and later archaeological deposits. To the south of the southern moat ditch was
the castle's outer court which was the subject of a small scale excavation in 1991.
Archaeological remains identified included chalk floors, wall footings and metal working areas with hearth bases all dating to the 12th to 14th centuries. Several fragments of Middle Saxon pottery were also uncovered suggesting pre-Norman activity. The 1911 25 inch map shows that there was a rampart around the moat and outer bailey which has since been built on with the houses along West End Road and the western end of Northgate. One stretch of this outer bank, to the east of the eastern moat ditch, survives as undeveloped land and is included within the monument.
A number of features are excluded from the scheduling; these include the Old Manor House and associated outbuildings, all modern fences and walls, all stiles and gates, greenhouses and sheds, telegraph poles and all road and path surfaces; although the ground beneath all these features is included.

MAP EXTRACT
The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.

Source: Historic England

Reasons for Scheduling

Magnates' residences are high status dwellings of domestic rather than military character. They date from the Norman Conquest (in some cases forming
a continuation of a Saxon tradition) and throughout the rest of the medieval period. Individual residences were in use for varying lengths of time; some continued in use into the post-medieval period. Such dwellings were the houses or palaces of royalty, bishops and the highest ranks of the nobility, usually those associated with the monarch. They functioned as luxury residences for the elite and their large retinues, and provided an opportunity to display wealth in the form of elaborate architecture and lavish decoration. As such, these palaces formed an impressive setting for audiences with royalty, foreign ambassadors and other lords and bishops.
Magnates' residences are located in both rural and urban areas. Bishops' residences are usually in close association with cathedrals, and all residences tend to be located close to good communication routes. Unless
constrained by pre-existing structures, magnates' residences comprised an elaborate series of buildings, usually of stone, that in general included a great hall, chambers, kitchens, service rooms, lodgings, a chapel and a gatehouse, arranged around a single or double courtyard. As a consequence of the status of these sites, historic documentation is often prolific, and can
be of great value for establishing the date of construction and subsequent alterations to the buildings, and for investigating the range of activities
for which the site was a focus.
Magnates' residences are widely dispersed throughout England reflecting the mobility of royalty and the upper echelons of the nobility. There is a concentration of sites which reflects the growing importance of London as a political centre, and the majority of magnates' residences tend to be located in the south of the country. Despite their wide distribution, magnates'
residences are a relatively rare form of monument due to their special social status. At present only around 236 examples have been identified of which 150
are ecclesiastical palaces and 86 are connected with royalty.
Magnates' residences generally provide an emotive and evocative link with the past, especially through their connections with famous historical figures, and can
provide a valuable educational resource, both with respect to the organisation and display of political power, and wider aspects of medieval and post-
medieval society such as the development of towns and industries and the distribution of dependent agricultural holdings. Examples with surviving
archaeological potential are considered to be of national importance.

Baynard Castle is an important example of a magnate's residence. Its history is well documented, charting the site's rise in status, including details about the visits of two English kings, and its subsequent decline in fortune.
The moat and inner court survive well as major earthwork features, and small scale archaeological excavations in both the inner and outer courts have
demonstrated good survival of buried medieval remains. In addition, the moat will retain a significant depth of deposits which will include valuable
archaeological and environmental information.

Source: Historic England

Sources

Other
Record cards, Sites & Monuments Record, 816, (1998)

Source: Historic England

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