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Joel Engel (Yuliy Dmitrievich Engel)

Hebrew: יואל אנגל
Birthdate:
Birthplace: Berdyans'k, Zaporiz'ka oblast, Ukraine
Death: February 11, 1927 (58)
Israel
Place of Burial: Tel Aviv, Israel
Immediate Family:

Son of Menachem Mendel Engel
Husband of Tonya Konstantinova Engel
Father of Vera Dobroshin and Ada Roginski

Occupation: Composer and musician
Managed by: Yigal Burstein
Last Updated:

About Joel Engel

Joel Engel (1868—1927) was a music critic, composer and one of the leading figures in the Jewish art music movement. Born in Russia, and later moving to Berlin and then to Palestine, Engel has been called "the true founding father of the modern renascence of Jewish music."

As a composer, teacher, and organizer, Engel inspired a generation of Jewish classical musicians to rediscover their ethnic roots and create a new style of nationalist Jewish music, modelled after the national music movements of Russia, Slovakia, Hungary and elsewhere in Europe. This style - developed by composers Alexander Krein, Lazare Saminsky, Mikhail Gnesin, Samuel Rosowsky, and others - was an important influence on the music of many twentieth-century composers, as well as on the folk music of Israel. His work in preserving the musical tradition of the shtetl - the 19th-century Jewish village of eastern Europe - made possible the revival of klezmer music today.

Engel's music

Engel was one of the first - perhaps the first - musician to recognize that traditional Jewish music was not based on the major-minor tonal system that dominated classical and popular music of the period. "Most Jewish songs are built on the ancient modes (Aeolian, Dorian, Mixolydian, and so on)," he wrote in 1900. "Occasionally, one encounters major or minor; but more common are modes that are not written in our modern text books, and could be called 'eastern'." This harmonic conception is apparent in Engel's compositions. For example, in the Dybbuk suite, opus 35, Engel uses an augmented fifth as the tonic chord, rather than a standard major or minor chord.

Aside from the Dybbuk suite, for string orchestra and clarinet, Engel wrote no orchestral music, and no large-scale works (symphonies, operas, concertos, and so on). His entire oevre is either piano solo, chamber works, or songs. He frequently used innovative combinations for his chamber music; for example, "Adagio Mysterioso", opus 22, is scored for violin, cello, harp and organ. He, like others of the Jewish art music movement, favored songs with obbligato string parts. The song "Ahava Rahya", for example, is scored for singer and violin, flute, viola and organ.

Many of Engel's songs are based on traditional Jewish folksongs. For example, his cradle song "Numi Numi Yaldaty" ("sleep, sleep my child"), is a variant of a traditional Yiddish lullaby. However, Engel often draws on sources other than Jewish traditional music, as well. Ahava Rahya, cited above, is based on an Arabic melody, and many of the tunes he composed in Palestine are based on Yemenite songs.

Engel's popular music, which during his lifetime dominated the popular music scene in Palestine, has been largely forgotten. Some of his songs, however, are still sung today. These include "Numi Numi", one of Israel's most popular lullabies; "Omrim Yeshna Eretz", the children's song "Engel's music

Engel was one of the first - perhaps the first - musician to recognize that traditional Jewish music was not based on the major-minor tonal system that dominated classical and popular music of the period. "Most Jewish songs are built on the ancient modes (Aeolian, Dorian, Mixolydian, and so on)," he wrote in 1900. "Occasionally, one encounters major or minor; but more common are modes that are not written in our modern text books, and could be called 'eastern'." This harmonic conception is apparent in Engel's compositions. For example, in the Dybbuk suite, opus 35, Engel uses an augmented fifth as the tonic chord, rather than a standard major or minor chord.

Aside from the Dybbuk suite, for string orchestra and clarinet, Engel wrote no orchestral music, and no large-scale works (symphonies, operas, concertos, and so on). His entire oevre is either piano solo, chamber works, or songs. He frequently used innovative combinations for his chamber music; for example, "Adagio Mysterioso", opus 22, is scored for violin, cello, harp and organ. He, like others of the Jewish art music movement, favored songs with obbligato string parts. The song "Ahava Rahya", for example, is scored for singer and violin, flute, viola and organ.

Many of Engel's songs are based on traditional Jewish folksongs. For example, his cradle song "Numi Numi Yaldaty" ("sleep, sleep my child"), is a variant of a traditional Yiddish lullaby. However, Engel often draws on sources other than Jewish traditional music, as well. Ahava Rahya, cited above, is based on an Arabic melody, and many of the tunes he composed in Palestine are based on Yemenite songs.

Engel's popular music, which during his lifetime dominated the popular music scene in Palestine, has been largely forgotten. Some of his songs, however, are still sung today. These include "Numi Numi", one of Israel's most popular lullabies; "Omrim Yeshna Eretz", the children's song "Geshem geshem mishamayim", and others.", and others.

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http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/יואל_אנגל

About יואל אנגל (עברית)

ויקיפדיה

יואל (יולי) אֶנְגֶל (16 באפריל ‏(כך על פי הלוח היוליאני; על פי הלוח הגריגוריאני: 28 באפריל‏)‏ 1868 – 12 בפברואר 1927) היה מלחין יהודי ממוצא אוקראיני, אשר הטביע חותמו על הזמר המוקדם של היישוב העברי בארץ ישראל. מכונה "אבי המוזיקה היהודית". י

ביוגרפיה

יואל אנגל נולד באביב 1868 בברדיאנסק שבחצי האי קרים, בדרום-מערב האימפריה הרוסית (כיום אוקראינה). אביו מנחם מנדל נהג לנגן נעימות עממיות, והוא עצמו למד לנגן בפסנתר, אך ללא כוונה להפוך למוזיקאי. הוא למד משפטים באוניברסיטת חרקוב, ובמקביל למד באקדמיה למוזיקה של חרקוב. בעקבות פגישה עם צ'ייקובסקי במרץ 1893 החליט ללמוד מוזיקה בקונסרבטוריון במוסקבה. לאחר תום לימודיו הפך למבקר מוזיקלי, ונחשב לאחד החשובים בתחומו בתקופתו. בנוסף, הקים ב-1908 אגודה לשימור המוזיקה היהודית העממית. ב-1912 ערך מסע לליקוט לחנים יהודיים עממיים (במסגרת המשלחת האתנוגראפית בראשות ש. אנ-סקי), שעליהם ביסס את לחניו למחזה "הדיבוק" של אנ-סקי. עבד כמורה למוזיקה ואמנות בבית מחסה לילדים יהודים עזובים ויתומים ליד מוסקבה. ב-1916 פרסם את הקובץ "50 אידישע פֿאָלקסלידער" (50 שירי עם יהודיים). ב-1922 הועלתה המוזיקה שהלחין להצגה "הדיבוק" על ידי תיאטרון "הבימה" במוסקבה

ב-1922 עבר לברלין, והחל מלחין לשיריהם של חיים נחמן ביאליק ושל שאול טשרניחובסקי. בנוסף, ייסד הוצאה לאור של ספרי תווים, "יובל", ב-1923

ב-1924 עלה לארץ ישראל והשתקע בתל אביב, שם לימד בקונסרבטוריון שולמית וכתב ביקורות מוזיקה לעיתונים "הארץ" ו"דבר". הוא המשיך עם הלחנת מוזיקה לתיאטרון, והלחין גם למחזמר "נשפי פרץ" (שהועלה בתיאטרון האוהל ב-1925) ולהצגה בשם "דייגים". י

בין השירים המוכרים שהלחין: "עגבנייה" (למילים של יהודה קרני), "אומרים ישנה ארץ", "נומי נומי ילדתי", ו"היורה" ("גשם, גשם משמים, קול המון טיפות המים"), שניהם למילותיו של יחיאל היילפרין. לחניו לשירי-הילדים של יחיאל הלפרין יצאו-לאור בחוברות "בקרן זווית". י

על-שמו רחובות בתל אביב ובחיפה. כמו כן פרס המוענק בתל אביב על יצירה מוזיקלית פעם בשלוש שנים לשלושה אנשים שונים. ארכיונו שמור בספרייה הלאומית בירושלים

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Joel Engel's Timeline

1868
April 16, 1868
Berdyans'k, Zaporiz'ka oblast, Ukraine
1927
February 11, 1927
Age 58
Israel
February 1927
Age 58
Trumpeldor Tel Aviv Cemetery, Tel Aviv, Israel
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