Löbl / Leopold Adler, b. ~1730

Was this Löbl married to Judith Adler who died at age 96 [b. ~1720] on June 11, 1814, in Uherský Ostroh? Record appears in UHERSKÝ OSTROH (o. Uherské Hradiště) 2259 O (Marriages; it also contains Births & Deaths) 1784-1830 (i), Image 95/113.

In 1784 a son Schmaya was born to Löbl Schmaya & Judit in Uherský Ostroh. No surnames at that point (they were not required for the Jews until ~1789/90). In Uherský Ostroh Births, Image #23/113 in the Marriages Volume for 1784-1830.

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Based on a Michael Stern line stated at P. Rohel's RootsWeb site to be descended from Schmaya Adler (no location, no sources for a connection between Sterns and S. Adler or between S. Adler and Löbl Adler).

In the 1808 birth record of his grandson Leopold (Löbl) Adler, that baby's father Salomon Schmaje Adler is called "son of Leopold Adler handelsman in Ostra."

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From Bohemia and Moravia in yivoencyclopedia:

In 1714, Charles VI (r. 1711–1740) created a commission to consider a number of proposals, among them the reduction of the Jewish population of Prague, the limitation of Jewish economic influence, and the effective separation of the Jewish quarter from the Old Town. The commission came back with drastic recommendations to reduce the number of Jews in the city, and these proposals were passed on to the emperor by the governor’s office in 1719. In the end, the emperor pursued a more moderate course, which, rather than roll back the Jewish population to its 1618 levels, established a cap based on the existing situation. He issued the notorious Familiants Laws in 1726 (for Bohemia) and 1727 (for Moravia and Silesia), limiting the number of Jewish families that might legally reside in Bohemia to 8,541 and in Moravia to 5,106. To keep these numbers constant, the laws stipulated that only one son from any household could obtain the right to marry and establish a family.

More than any other single piece of legislation, the Familiants Laws came to symbolize the repressive stance that the Habsburg state had taken on Jewish policy. The intent of the laws was to block Jewish mobility, stifle economic development, and discourage growth, while maintaining, at the same time, a minimum level of tax contribution. They stayed in effect until the Revolution of 1848, playing havoc with Jewish family life, significantly delaying the age of marriage for most, forcing younger members of Jewish households to emigrate or, at best, to settle in the towns and villages of the nobility where they might be protected from the watchful eye of the state.

Although thousands of Jewish males from Bohemia and Moravia are presumed to have migrated from their places of birth after 1726 (primarily to Poland and Hungary), the Familiants Laws did not fully succeed in stopping growth in the Jewish population. The eighteenth-century state remained relatively weak after all; its coercive powers were limited. Frequently the means by which Jews attempted to evade the draconian effects of the laws worked to intensify the separate demographic patterns of the two regions. In Bohemia, where the large center in Prague was a relatively easy target of supervision by royal and municipal officials, one way in which Jews circumvented the law was to disperse to small villages throughout the countryside. A government census of 1724 indicated that the Jews of Bohemia were scattered among 800 localities, as many as 600 of which comprised small villages in which only a handful of Jews lived. Over the course of the next 125 years, this dispersed pattern of settlement seems actually to have become more pronounced. In 1849, Jews in Bohemia were living in 1,921 localities, only 207 of which formed communities of more than 10 families and a formal synagogue; 148 managed to assemble a minyan (quorum) for prayer on Sabbaths and holidays; the rest were too small even for that.

In Moravia, by contrast, the privately owned towns of the nobility continued to provide shelter to Jews, helping to prolong the pattern of numerous medium-sized Jewish communities.

The Translocation plans of Jewish residences in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown from the period of 1727-1728 are now online; the Plan (or map) for Uhersky Ostroh shows Adler and related families.