Louis III, king of Western Francia

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_of_France

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-http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAROLINGIANS.htm#LouisIIleBeguewest...
1. LOUIS ([863/65]-Saint Denis 5 Aug 882, bur église de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names (in order) "Hludovicum et Karlomannum et Hildegardim" as the children of "Hlodovicus rex…ex Ansgardi vocata regina"[304]. He succeeded his father in 879 as LOUIS III King of the West Franks. This was challenged by Ludwig III King of the East Franks, who withdrew after receiving compensation[305]. He was crowned with his brother Carloman in Sep 879 at the Abbaye de Ferrières-en-Gâtinais. Ludwig III recognised his cousins' sovereignty by the Treaty of Ribemont in Feb 880. Louis III and Carloman agreed a division of their territories at Amiens in Mar 880, Louis receiving the northern part of the kingdom, Francia and Neustria. He fell from his horse at Tours, dying soon afterwards[306]. The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "Non Aug" of "Ludovicus rex Francie"[307]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "Non Aug" of "Ludovici regis"[308].

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Louis III (863–865 – 5 August 882), King of Western Francia, was the second son of King Louis the Stammerer and Ansgarde, and became king, jointly with his brother Carloman, on his father's death in 879.

He was a fourth generation descendant of Charlemagne.

Some nobles advocated electing him as sole king, but eventually both brothers were elected kings. Although doubts were cast upon their legitimacy, the brothers obtained recognition and in March 880 divided their father's realm at Amiens, Louis received the northern part, Francia (Neustria).

However, Duke Boso had renounced his allegiance to both brothers and had been elected King of Provence. In the summer of 880, the brothers Carloman and Louis marched against him, took Mâcon and the northern parts of Boso's realm. They united their forces with those of Charles the Fat and unsuccessfully besieged Vienne from August to November.

Louis achieved a momentous victory against the Viking pirates at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu, in 881, an event celebrated in the Old High German short poem Ludwigslied.

He died in August 882 at Saint Denis, having fallen from his horse whilst chasing a girl with amorous intent. Since he had no children, his brother Carloman became the sole king.

[edit] Ancestry

[hide]v • d • eAncestors of Louis III of France

 16. Charlemagne 

 8. Louis the Pious   

 17. Hildegard 

 4. Charles the Bald   

 18. Welf 

 9. Judith of Bavaria   

 19. Hedwig, Duchess of Bavaria 

 2. Louis the Stammerer   

 20. Adrian, Count of Orléans 

 10. Odo I, Count of Orléans   

 21. Waldrada of Orléans 

 5. Ermentrude of Orléans   

 22. Leuthard II of Paris 

 11. Engeltrude of Paris   

 23. Grimhild of Aquitaine 

 1. Louis III of France   

 6. Hardouin of Burgundy   

 3. Ansgarde of Burgundy   

 7. Warimburg   

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Louis III of France

Carolingian Dynasty

Born: 863 Died: 5 August 882

Preceded by

Louis II King of Western Francia

10 April 879 – 5 August 882

with Carloman II (10 April 879 – 5 August 882) Succeeded by

Carloman II

[show]v • d • ePippinids, Arnulfings, and Carolingians

Legend: → ≡ "father of", · ≡ "brother of"

Begga, the daughter of Pepin I, married Ansegisel, the son of Arnulf of Metz, and was the mother of Pepin II.

Pippinids Carloman → Pepin I → Grimoald I → Childebert the Adopted

Arnulfings Arnulf of Metz → Clodulf · Martin · Ansegisel → Pepin II, his sons:

Drogo, sons: Arnulf · Hugh · Godfrey · Pepin

Grimoald I, son: Theudoald

Charles Martel, sons: Carloman · Pepin III · Grifo · Bernard · Jerome · Remigius

Childebrand, son: Nibelung I → Nibelungids

Early Carolingians Sons of Charles Martel

Carloman, son: Drogo

Pepin III, sons: Charlemagne, sons: Pepin the Hunchback · Charles the Younger · Pepin · Louis the Pious · Lothair · Drogo · Hugh · Theoderic

Carloman, son: Pepin

Pepin

Bernard, sons: Wala · Adalhard · Bernhar

Carolingian Empire Sons of Charlemagne

Pepin, son: Bernard → Pepin → Counts of Vermandois

Louis the Pious, sons: Arnulf of Sens

Lothair I, sons: Louis II → Ermengard → Louis the Blind → Bosonids

Lothair II → Hugh

Charles

Pepin I, son: Pepin II

Louis the German, sons: Carloman → Arnulf → Louis the Child · Ratold · Zwentibold

Louis the Younger → Louis · Hugh

Charles the Fat → Bernard

Charles the Bald, sons: Louis the Stammerer → Louis III · Carloman · Charles the Simple

Charles the Child

Carloman

Lothair the Lame · Drogo · Pepin · Charles

West Francia West Francia was in the hands of the Robertians from 888 until 898. It was the last Carolingian kingdom.

Charles the Simple, sons: Louis IV · Arnulf · Drogo · Rorico

Louis IV, sons: Lothair IV · Charles · Louis · Charles of Lorraine · Henry

Lothair IV, sons: Louis V · Arnulf

Charles of Lorraine, sons: Otto · Louis · Charles

[show]v • d • eCarolingian Kings of the Franks

Carolingians: Pépin (751–768) · Carloman I (768–771) · Charles I (768–814) · Louis I (814–840) · Interregnum (840–843) · Charles II (843–877) · Louis II (877–879) · Louis III (879–882) · Carloman II (879–884) · Charles the Fat (884–888) Robertian: Eudes (887–898) Carolingian: Charles III (898–922) Robertian: Robert I (922–923) Bosonid: Raoul (923–936) Carolingians: Louis IV (936–954) · Lothaire (954–986) · Louis V (986–987) Capetian (Robertian): Hughes (986–987)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_of_France"

Categories: 865 births | 882 deaths | Roman Catholic monarchs | Carolingian dynasty | French monarchs | Early Middle Ages | 9th-century rulers in Europe

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Louis III

Born: 863 AD

Died: 5-Aug-882 AD

Location of death: Saint-Denis, France

Cause of death: unspecified

Gender: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Race or Ethnicity: White

Occupation: Royalty

Nationality: France

Executive summary: King of France, 879-82

Louis III, King of France, was a son of Louis II and with his brother Carloman succeeded his father as king in April 879. A strong party, however, cast some doubts upon the legitimacy of the young princes, as the marriage of their parents had not been recognized by the emperor Charles the Bald; consequently it was proposed to offer the crown to the East Frankish ruler Louis, a son of Louis the German. But this plan came to nothing, and in September 879 the brothers were crowned at Ferrières by Ansègisus, archbishop of Sens. A few months later they divided their kingdom, Louis receiving the part of France north of the Loire. They acted together against the Northmen, over whom in August 881 they gained a memorable victory. They also turned against Boso who had been set up as king in Burgundy and Provence. On the 5th of August 882 Louis died at St. Denis. He left no sons and Carloman became sole king.

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Louis III (863–865 – 5 August 882), King of Western Francia, was the second son of King Louis the Stammerer and Ansgarde, and became king, jointly with his brother Carloman, on his father's death in 879.

He was a fourth generation descendant of Charlemagne.

Some nobles advocated electing him as sole king, but eventually both brothers were elected kings. Although doubts were cast upon their legitimacy, the brothers obtained recognition and in March 880 divided their father's realm at Amiens, Louis received the northern part, Francia (Neustria).

However, Duke Boso had renounced his allegiance to both brothers and had been elected King of Provence. In the summer of 880, the brothers Carloman and Louis marched against him, took Mâcon and the northern parts of Boso's realm. They united their forces with those of Charles the Fat and unsuccessfully besieged Vienne from August to November.

Louis achieved a momentous victory against the Viking pirates at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu, in 881, an event celebrated in the Old High German short poem Ludwigslied.

He died in August 882 at Saint Denis, having fallen from his horse whilst chasing a girl with amorous intent. Since he had no children, his brother Carloman became the sole king.

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Louis the Younger

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Louis the Younger (835 – 20 January 882), sometimes Louis III,[1] was the second eldest of the three sons of Louis the German and Emma. He succeeded his father as the King of Saxony on 28 August 876 and his elder brother Carloman as King of Bavaria from 880. He died in 882 and was succeeded in all his territories, which encompassed most of East Francia, by his younger brother, Charles the Fat, already King of Italy and Emperor.

Military youth

As a young man, Louis was deployed in military operations against the Abodrites to the east in 858 and 862.[2] In 854, at the invitation of the nobles of Aquitaine opposed to Charles the Bald and Pepin II, and coaxed by his father and his cousin Charles, Archbishop of Mainz, he crossed into Gaul at the head of an army, intent on receiving the Aquitainian crown. He marched as far as Limoges before turning back.

Back home, Louis forged close ties with the nobles of the East Francia and became increasingly independent from his father. He engaged himself to the daughter of Count Adalard and, in 865, he and his brother Charles joined in rebellion against their father. This flirtation with revolt was brief, however, and Louis, Charles, and their father were reconciled later that year, though the elder Louis was forced to make a division of the remainder of his territories between his two sons. Carloman had already been given the subregulus of Bavaria in 864, now Louis received Saxony, Thuringia, and Franconia and Charles Alemannia and Rhaetia.

In 869, Louis married Liutgard, daughter of Liudolf, Duke of Eastphalia, at Aschaffenburg. Luitgard was a strong-willed and politically ambitious woman and later on spurred her husband to pursue ambitious goals. This match increased dissension between father and son and in 871 and in 873, Louis rebelled, but each time he was reconciled.

[edit]Rule in Saxony

Upon his father's death in 876, Louis fully inherited his subkingdoms, bearing the title rex Francorum ("king of the Franks"). Louis the Younger considered himself the true heir of Louis the German and as his father died in 876, Louis buried him in the abbey of Lorsch, in his own territories, in order to emphasise his primacy to his brothers. Louis also retained his father's chief advisor, Luitbert, Archbishop of Mainz. He and his brother ruled their kingdoms independently but cooperatively and never at war.

Acquisition of Lotharingia and Bavaria

Louis's rule was immediately threatened by Charles the Bald, who tried to annex the eastern parts of Lotharingia and maybe even to achieve supremacy over his nephew. Louis brought war on Charles and, on 8 October 876 at Andernach, he defeated the much larger host of West Francia with a significantly smaller army. The East Frankish army displayed superiority in both unity and tactics, and the young king had even dressed his soldiers in white garments so that they appeared as an army of dead spirits.

After this victory, Louis the German's three sons met in November at Nördlingen to discuss the division of their father's kingdom and to have their hosts swear allegiance. According to the plan drawn up in 865, which their father, despite all his sons' rebellions, had confirmed in 872, Carloman received Bavaria, Charles Swabia, and Louis Saxony, Franconia, and Thuringia. Throughout his reign, though he is always called "King of Saxony" by historians, he never visited Saxony proper, though it formed the bulk of his territory. At the end of 877, the brothers assembled again to discuss the administration of their half of Lotharingia. After Carloman relinquished his claim, the realm was divided between Louis and Charles, who again met in September 878 in Alsatia. In 879, Carloman was incapacitated by a stroke and partitioned named Louis as his successor (and erstwhile regent) in Bavaria. Louis received it a year later when Carloman expired.

In November 878 after the death of Charles the Bald, his heir, Louis the Stammerer, and the latter's cousin Louis the Younger promised each other to respect the succession of their respective sons and to issue no claims contrary to that, at Voeren (Fourons in French). This Treaty of Fouron was soon put to the test, when Louis the Stammerer died in April 879. A party of western nobles led by Abbot Joscelin inivited Louis the Younger to succeed to the rule of the western kingdom. Since his wife Luitgard also advocated heeding this call, Louis invaded West Francia. He marched as far as Verdun, but after the new kings Louis III and Carloman ceded their part of Lotharingia to the invader, Louis retreated. In February 880, this gain was confirmed by the Treaty of Ribemont, signed near St Quentin. This treaty determined the border of the two kingdoms that were to remain unchanged until the fourteenth century.

Relationship with the nobility

In contrast to his father, Louis the Younger preferred reconciling royal interests with those of the nobility and avoided confrontation. He managed to bind powerful families to the king, including the Luidovingian relatives of his wife, that later themselves became kings and emperors. Louis mostly stayed in the Rhineland, avoiding Saxony or his eastern borders. Louis did visit Bavaria on two occasions, but mostly left it to the government of his illegitimate nephew, Carloman's son, Arnulf, Duke of Carinthia.[3]

[edit]Viking incursions

Since the summer of 879, Vikings had been increasing their attacks on the Frankish kingdom and occasionally penetrated deeply into the interior of the land. Louis's kingdom was the most hard-hit after that of West Francia. In February 880, Louis confronted and defeated a Norse host at the Battle of Thimeon (near modern Charleroi). His son Hugh, however, was killed in this battle. Louis also drove the Norse out of the royal palace of Nijmegen, which they had occupied. In the same month, a Saxon host commanded by Duke Bruno, the king's brother-in-law, suffered a heavy defeat near Hamburg and Bruno and many other Saxon nobles fell. However, as the example of the victory at Thimeon illustrates, no single military victory could stop the tide of Viking incursions.

[edit]Death and succession

Louis fell sick in 881 and died in Frankfurt on 20 January 882. He was buried beside his father in the abbey of Lorsch. By his wife Luitgard of Saxony, he had had a son called Louis (877–879), who died in a fall from a palace window, and a daughter called Hildegard (878–895). Louis had also fathered an illegitimate son, Hugh (b.855-860, died February 880), either with the daughter of Adalard or with an earlier concubine. Since he left no heir, all his territories fell to his brother Charles, who thus could reunite the entire East Frankish kingdom.

[edit]Sources

Oman, Charles. The Dark Ages 476–918. London: Rivingtons, 1914.

Bowlus, Charles R. "Imre Boba's Reconsiderations of Moravia's Early History and Arnulf of Carinthia's Ostpolitik (887-892). Speculum, Vol. 62, No. 3. (Jul., 1987), pp 552-574.

Reuter, Timothy. Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800–1056. Longman, 1991.

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Sepultura: "Louis fell sick in 881 and died in Frankfurt on 20 January 882. He was buried beside his father in the abbey of Lorsch".

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Louis the Younger (835 – 20 January 882), sometimes Louis III,[1] was the second eldest of the three sons of Louis the German and Emma. He succeeded his father as the King of Saxony on 28 August 876 and his elder brother Carloman as King of Bavaria from 880. He died in 882 and was succeeded in all his territories, which encompassed most of East Francia, by his younger brother, Charles the Fat, already King of Italy and Emperor.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_of_France

Louis III (863x65 – 5 August 882) was the King of France, still then called West Francia, from 879 until his death. The second son of Louis the Stammerer and his first wife, Ansgarde, he succeeded his father to reign jointly with his younger brother Carloman II, who became sole ruler on Louis's death. His short reign was marked by military success.

Louis was born while his father was still just King of Aquitaine and his grandfather, Charles the Bald, was ruling West Francia. Some doubts were raised as to their legitimacy, since their parents had married secretly and Ansgarde was later repudiated at Charles insistence. When Charles (877) and then the elder Louis died within two years, some nobles advocated electing the younger Louis as sole king, but another party favoured each brother ruling a separate sphere of the country. In September 879 Louis was crowned at Ferrières. In March 880 at Amiens the brothers divided their father's kingdom, Louis receiving the northern part, called Neustria or sometimes simply Francia.

One of Charles the Bald's most trusted lieutenants, Duke Boso had renounced his allegiance to both brothers and had been elected King of Provence. In the summer of 880 Carloman and Louis marched against him and captured Mâcon and the northern part of Boso's realm. They united their forces with those of their cousin Charles the Fat, then ruling Germany and Italy, and unsuccessfully besieged Vienne from August to November. In 881 Louis achieved a momentous victory against Viking pirates, whose harassments had been ongoing since his grandfather's reign, at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu. Within a year of the battle an anonymous poet had celebrated it and the king, for both his prowess and piety, in the Old High German short poem Ludwigslied.

Louis died on 5 August 882 at Saint Denis in the centre of his realm, having fallen from his horse whilst chasing a girl with amorous intent. Since he had no children, his brother Carloman became the sole king and the victor of Saucourt was buried in the royal mausoleum of the Basilica of Saint-Denis.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_of_France

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879-882 talet