Major Daniel Livermore

DANIEL LIVERMORE, Captain in the Third New Hampshire Regiment. He was born in Watertown, Mass., in 1749. After serving an apprenticeship to a house carpenter at Concord, N. H., he continued there working at his trade until the commencement of the revolution, when, in June, 177o, he was commissioned as Ensign in Third New Hampshire Reg't and in January, 1776, was appointed as First Lieutenant, and not long after was appointed Captain, and commanded a company of foot in the Sullivan expedition, during which time the following journal was written. Oct. 10th, 1783, Captain Livermore was promoted by Congress to rank of Major by brevet and Dec. 10, 1783, he retired from the army and returned to Concord where he continued to reside until his death, June 22, 17998.

His journal was published in the New Hampshire Historical Collections, Vol. VI, page 308, having been furnished by Joseph B. Walker, Esq., of Concord. The following is taken therefrom:

A JOURNAL OF THE MARCH OF GEN. POOR'S BRIGADE, FROM

SOLDIER'S FORTUNE, ON THE WESTERN

EXPEDITION, MAY 7, 1779.

BY DANIEL LIVERMORE, CAPTAIN IN THE THIRD NEW HAMPSHIRE REGIMENT.

JOURNAL.

MONDAY, MAY 17, 1779. This day at eight o'clock the remaining part of Gen. Poor's brigade leave Soldier's Fortune and march on the Western Expedition. At three o'clock, P. M., halt at Fishkill, where we dine, twelve miles from our old quarters. At five P. M., march for the Ferry, which we make about sunset; five miles from town. Col. Read's regiment cross the North River this evening, Col. Dearborn's take quarters for the night on the east side. Nothing remarkable happens during the day, 17 miles.

TUESDAY, MAY 18th. This morning the weather being fair we proceed to conveying our baggage and stores over the river, to Newburg Landing, which was completed at about twelve o'clock. Here the troops refresh. At two o'clock, P. M., are ready to [179] march, near which time Gen. Poor arrives from New Hampshire. The troops now proceed on their march by the way of New-Windsor, three miles; thence to Bethlehem, nine miles. Put up at Maj. Deboyse's. This place is in the State of New York, and county of Orange. The country is not very good in general, although some of the farms are very fine. Nothing material has happened this day. 12 miles.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 19. This morning the troops march, at seven o'clock, through a very fertile part of the country, and make a short halt at Bloomsgrove Church, five miles. From thence proceed on our march five miles, to a small village called Chester. Here we halt an hour. The weather proves rainy, but we proceed on the march three miles, and are then obliged to put up for the night, by reason of the bad weather, in very disagreeable quarters. The country during this day's march is exceedingly good, but the inhabitants are not friendly. Nothing remarkable happens this day. 13 miles.

THURSDAY, MAY 20. This morning the weather still continues rainy; necessity obliges us to continue the march. The traveling is exceedingly bad. At nine o'clock make a halt at a small village called Warwick, six miles. Here we take breakfast at Beard's tavern, from whence we proceed on the march to Hardiston, seven miles. During this days march we went past but few farms of any consequence. The land is not fertile, but on both sides of the valley very mountainous and broken. At about four P. M., we arrived at the afore mentioned place. The weather continues rainy. Put up at Hinksman's formerly a tavern, but now a torified house. Nothing remarkable happens during this day. 13 miles.

FRIDAY, MAY 21. The weather continues rainy. The troops lie by in their disagreeable quarters. Nothing remarkable happens during this day.

SATURDAY, MAY 22. This day the troops lie by for want of provisions, and are employed in washing and drying their clothes. Nothing remarkable happens this day except a dispute which arose between the landlord and some of the officers, on account of the uncivil treatment they received from him, which was carried to no small height. N. B.—A Tory.

SUNDAY, MAY 23. This morning the troops march at five o'clock. Proceed on their march seven miles, to the sign of the Ball. Here make a short halt. This is about two miles from New York line, in the State of New Jersey. We soon march on a few miles farther, and halt four hours in the heat of the day. At two o'clock proceed on the march through a mountainous, poor country, having but few inhabitants. At six o'clock arrive at Sussex State House, where we put up for the night. This is a small village consisting of about ten decent houses, with a large State House, built of Stone. In the north-east part of the town the people are chiefly of the English descent, but the greater part are not friendly to our cause. We put up at Prentice's tavern, and had very good treatment. I passed the evening very agreeably with our own corps of officers, and Mr. Abial Frye. Nothing remarkable happens during this day. So ends the twenty-four hours. 22 miles.

MONDAY, MAY 24. This morning, at about seven o'clock, the troops proceed on their march for Easton. We make but very few halts during this day's march. At about five, P. M., we arrive at a small village called Moravian Mills or Oxford. This place is pleasantly situated, lying on a small river, on which stands the most curious corn mill I ever saw. The inhabitants are of that denomination of people, called Moravians. They are of a kind and benevolent disposition. The curiosities of this place are worthy of notice , their water-works in particular form a large fountain opposite the town, on a hill. The water is carried under ground down the hill and through the bottom of the river, to a considerable of an eminence on the opposite side. During the preceding day's march we traveled through an indifferent country. The people were chiefly of the Dutch descent. Nothing remarkable happens during this day's march. 16 miles.

TUESDAY, MAY 25. This morning the troops march early. Make a short halt at Carr's Tavern, five miles; from whence we proceed on the march and make but few stops till we halt for the night. The troops encamp on the edge of a wood, on the left hand, near Col. Bond's. This night we lie on the ground in the open air. Sometime in the night it rains and makes it very uncomfortable. During the preceding day's march the weather was [180] very hot. The country on the right hand is fertile. Some exceeding fine farms between the road and the river Delaware, which is from five to two miles distant. During the day's march nothing remarkable happens, 17 miles.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 26. This morning the troops march early. At eight o'clock arrive at Easton, Ferry, five miles. We then proceed to conveying the troops and baggage over the Delaware, which is completed at about ten o'clock. This day the troops are supplied with tents, and encamp on the south-east side of the town on the banks of the River Lehigh, which empties itself at this place into the Delaware. The town of Easton is pleasantly situated, on a level flat of ground, on a point made by the Delaware and Lehigh. The buildings in this place are plain, and built of stone. Their State House is built in the centre of the town, where four roads meet. It is built of stone and lime, and makes an elegant appearance. They have one house of worship, near the State House. It is built of hewn stone; large and elegant, with a large organ. The inhabitants are chiefly Low Dutch, and they worship wholly in that way. There are some few Jews living here, who are the principal merchants of the place.

THURSDAY, MAY 27; FRIDAY, 28; SATURDAY, 20, and SUNDAY, 30. Nothing material happens. We lie by having little to do. Spend our time in fishing and other sort of diversions.

MONDAY, MAY 31. This day I set out on a party of pleasure, to Bethlehem, in company with a number of gentlemen, officers of the brigade. Had an elegant dinner, after which we walked out and took a survey of the town and its curiosities. The town of Bethlehem is a small, compact town, lying on the river Lehigh, about twelve miles from Easton. It lies on a small descent towards the south-east, and is pleasantly situated. The inhabitants are all Low Dutch, and of that denomination called Moravians. They are much bigoted in their ways of worship, as also in their method of living. Their buildings are not elegant though decent, and built wholly of stone and lime. They have but one place of public worship, and perform in the Dutch language and one house of entertainment, which is supplied out of the public fund. Nothing extraordinary happens this day.

TUESDAY, JUNE 1. Nothing remarkable happens this day. We lay in camp having little exercise.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2; THURSDAY, 3; FRIDAY, 4; SATURDAY, 5; SUNDAY, 6, and MONDAY, 7. Nothing remarkable happens.

TUESDAY, JUNE 8. This day the troops are reviewed by Gen. Sullivan. They parade on the banks of the river Lehigh, about one mile from the town, on very disagreeable ground. Nothing remarkable happens during the day.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 9. This day the two remaining regiments of Gen. Poor's brigade decamp and move up the river about one mile. There encamp on the banks, on good ground. Nothing remarkable happens during this day.

THURSDAY, JUNE 10. This day the troops parade at four. P. M., for exercise; march to town and go through various maneuvers, in forming and displaying columns, crossing defiles, &c. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

FRIDAY, JUNE 11. This day, at four o'clock, the troops march to town for exercise, and perform several manœuvres of displaying columns and reducing platoons to rank-entire, and forming the same. Nothing remarkable happens this day. So ends the twenty-four hours.

SATURDAY, JUNE 12. This day, at four, P. M., the troops parade to attend the execution of three criminals, inhabitants of this State, convicted of murder and highway robbery. They were tried before the civil authority, and have been under sentence eleven months. Nothing more worthy of notice this day.

SUNDAY, JUNE 13. This day, one of the criminals executed yesterday was dug up and dissected of which I was a spectator. Nothing further worthy of notice this day.

MONDAY, JUNE 14; TUESDAY, 15; WEDNESDAY, 16, and THURSDAY 17. Nothing worthy of notice happens. We follow our diversions while we stay at this place.

FRIDAY, JUNE 18. This morning, at four o'clock, the troops strike their tents and load [181] their baggage, in order for marching at seven o'clock. With much regret we take our leave of that pleasant town, and pursue our intended expedition. We march on seven miles, through an indifferent part of the country. Here the troops halt and take breakfast. We then pursue our march, and travel through the poorest country I ever saw—so bad that even bushes can't grow thereon. About five, P. M., we encamp near Hill's tavern, in Hillstown. Nothing remarkable during this day's march. 12 miles.

SATURDAY, JUNE 19. This morning the troops march early, and pass the wind-gap, so called, for its being the only pass for a number of miles through the long chain of mountains that extend to the southernmost part of the continent, called the ____ mountains. We continue our march through a very barren and mountainous part of the country, and make a halt at Brinker's Mills, seven miles. Here we breakfast, from whence we proceed on the march and make a few halts till we halt for the night at Leonard's tavern, in Poconogo, nine miles, and the last house on that road till we came within seven miles of Susquehanna. Nothing remarkable happens during this day's march. 16 miles.

SUNDAY, JUNE 20. This morning the troops march at eight o'clock; leave Poconogo, and proceed to chowder Camp, where we encamp for the night, five miles. This day we march through a barren, mountainous, country, and uninhabited. Nothing remarkable during this day's march. 5 miles.

MONDAY, JUNE 21. This morning I mount guard. The troops march at sunrise, and soon enter the great swamp. Proceed seven miles and take breakfast. Here we cross the small river called Tunhannunk, which empties itself into the Delaware at Easton. We now proceed on our march through the swamp, which is a dark and dismal place, being covered with a growth of large pines and hemlock, and small brush so thick that a man can't be seen a rod from the road. This swamp is not level, but has some considerable hills and ledgy mountains in it; and by accounts it extends between forty and fifty miles, north and south, and from twelve to twenty in width. In about seven miles we cross another small river, called the Tobahanna, much smaller than the former. We still proceed on the march, making few halts. About two come to Locust Hill, but, there being no water, obliged us to continue the march; the traveling very bad and the troops much fatigued. At about four, P. M., we cross considerable of a river, which is the principal branch of the river Lehigh. At about six, i>. M., arrived at Barren Hill, alias Burnt Plain, much fatigued with our day's march. Here we encamp for the night. Nothing remarkable happens during this day's march. 19 miles.

TUESDAY, JUNE 22. This day the troops lie by till twelve o'clock, at which time we move off the ground, myself in the rear guard. The troops were scarcely gone when two savages were seen by our friendly Indians, and the first that had been discovered by our party during the march. At about five we arrive at Bullock House, where we encamp for the night. Nothing extraordinary this day. 5 miles.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23. This morning the troops march at seven o'clock, and pass the Bear Swamp and a place called the Shades of Death, by its being a dark, lonesome place. The sun is scarcely to be seen for the trees and bushes. Not far from this place is where Capt. Davis and Lieut. Jones from Pennsylvania, were inhumanly murdered April 18th, 1779, by the savages. During the whole of our march from Easton we traveled through the most barren part of the country I ever saw for so far together. Rocky mountains, sunken swamps and burning plains the whole of the way. At about two, P. M., we arrived at Wyoming, which lies on the east branch of the Susquehanna river. Here is a fertile country, but the town wholly destroyed by the savages; and, if I mistake not, about this time, twelve months ago, their settlements were very extensive both up and down the river. There are two hundred and fifty widows in the place, whose husbands were slain in Col. Butler's battle, about the time the town was destroyed. The principal town was on the east side of the river. This was a county town, in the County of Westmoreland. The inhabitants are wholly from the State of Connecticut, and hold their land by its grant. The troops march about half a mile down the river and encamp. Nothing remarkable happened this day. 7 miles.

THURSDAY, JUNE 24. Nothing remarkable happens this day. We lie by in our tents, having little or no duty to do. So ends the twenty-four hours.

[181] FRIDAY, JUNE 25, and Saturday, 26. Nothing worthy of notice happens. All peace and quietness. So ends the forty-eight hours.

SUNDAY, JUNE 27. This day the two regiments of Gen. Pool's brigade, 2nd and 3rd, cross the river, and move about three miles up stream and encamp on its banks, near a large picket fort, known by the name of Forty Fort. This fort derives its name from its being built by forty persons, original proprietors of the tract of land lying on that side the Susquehanna, and containing forty rights. The land here is very fertile, and the intervale or meadow extends near four miles from the bank of the river. Nothing extraordinary happens during this day. 3 miles.

MONDAY, JUNE 28; TUESDAY, 29; WEDNESDAY, 30; THURSDAY, JULY 1; FRIDAY, 2, and SATURDAY, 3. Nothing remarkable happens. Scarcity of provisions, which makes uneasiness among the troops.

SUNDAY, JULY 4. This day being the anniversary of the Independence of America and being Sunday, the celebration was put off till tomorrow. This day we are joined by the other—2nd regiment—belonging to the brigade. Col. Cilley New-Hampshire troops; Col. Courtland, New York troops. Nothing remarkable happens during this day.

MONDAY, JULY 5. This day General Poor makes an elegant entertainment for all the officers of his brigade, with a number of gentlemen from other brigades, and from the town. Gen. Hand and his retinue were present. The dining room was a large booth, about eighty feet in length, with a marquee pitched at each end. The day was spent in civil mirth and jollity. The company consisted of upwards of one hundred who graced the feast with a number of good songs. After dinner the following toasts were drank, to-wit:

1st. The United States.

2nd. The Fourth of July, '76: The memorable era of American Independence.

3rd. The Grand Council of America.

4th. Gen. Washington and the army.

5th. The King and Queen of France.

6th. Genl. Sullivan and the Western Expedition.

7th. May the Counsellors of America be wise, and her Soldiers invincible.

8th. A successful and decisive campaign.

9th. Civilization, or death to all Savages.

10th. To the immortal memory of those heroes who have fallen in defence of American Liberty.

11th. May the husbandman's cottage be blessed with peace, and his fields with plenty.

12th Vigor and virtue to the sons and daughters of America.

13th. May the new world be the last asylum of freedom and the arts.

TUESDAY, JULY 6. This day nothing of notice happens.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 7.—This day I sat on a court martial. Nothing remarkable happens this day. So ends the twenty-four hours.

THURSDAY, JULY 8, and Friday, 9. Nothing worthy of notice happens.

SATURDAY, JULY 10. This day I ride to town for recreation. Towards evening ride down the river four miles to a place called Shawney. The land is exceedingly good and pleasant. I return home late. Visit the guards at twelve o'clock at night. This day Capt. Frye and Capt. Ellis set out on their command to Brinker's Mills.

SUNDAY, JULY 11, and Monday, 12. Nothing happens worthy of notice.

TUESDAY JULY 13. This day a number of gentlemen and ladies from town ride up to take a survey of our encampment; Col. Butler, Capt. Spalding and others, with their ladies.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 14, and Thursday, 15. Nothing worthy of note happens.

FRIDAY, JULY 16. This day I dine with Gen. Poor, in company with the Hon. Major General Sullivan and his Suite. The day was spent very agreeably. Nothing remarkable happens during the day.

SATURDAY, JULY 17. Nothing worthy of notice happens this day.

SUNDAY, JULY 18. This day, at ten, A. M., the brigade attend divine service. This [183] afternoon considerable of a cannonade is heard down the river, the reason of which is not known. Nothing extraordinary.

MONDAY, JULY 19. Nothing happens worthy of notice this day. So ends the twenty-four hours.

TUESDAY, JULY 20. Nothing this day to be mentioned.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 21. This evening, by order of Gen. Poor, I sat out from Camp for Easton, in Company with Lieut. Hoite. At ten, P. M., leave Col. Butler's and enter the Shady Grove. At day break we arrive at Locust Hill, from whence we proceed, and at eleven o'clock join Col. Read at Drinker's Mills; halt two hours, and then proceed to Easton. Nothing remarkable happens during Wednesday night and Thursday. So ends the thirty-six hours.

FRIDAY, JULY 23. This morning I feel the effects of my late journey; am employed in preparing for returning to camp. Nothing material during this day.

SATURDAY, JULY 24. This day I set out for Easton. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

SUNDAY, JULY 25. This day, after sending the party on I stop in company with Dr. Barnet and other gentlemen, and take breakfast; from whence we proceed on the journey and make a halt at Hiller's tavern, Plainfield, twelve miles from Easton. Here we halt for the night. Nothing remarkable happens this twenty-four hours.

MONDAY, JULY 26. This morning the weather still proves rainy, but we proceed on the journey to Brinker's mill; there dine; move on to Leonard's tavern and put up for the night. A dispute arises between Capt. Peatt and myself. So ends the twenty-four hours.

TUESDAY, JULY 27. This day we move on the march through the woods and swamp. This evening, at seven o'clock, come up with Colt. Read's party at Bullock's house, and there stay during the night with Capt. Frye. No more this day.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 28. This morning I march early in, and leave Col. Read on the ground. At nine I arrive at Wyoming, and find the brigade have moved on to the east side of the river.

THURSDAY, JULY 29. Nothing remarkable during this day.

FRIDAY, JULY 30. This day I am busy in preparing for the march.

SATURDAY, JULY 31. This day the troops march from Wyoming. They march on the east side of the river. At about sunset arrive at Lakawaonunk, ten miles. This was a new settlement, but destroyed by the savages. The land is very fertile, and bids fair to have made a very fine town. The river here takes a turn to about a west point. Nothing remarkable happens during this day's march. 10 miles.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 1. This day the troops march at twelve o'clock. The road here soon leaves the upland and takes the beach; the mountains here shutting close down on the river till we come to Quilutimunk, seven miles. Here encamp for the night on the intervale, the finest I ever saw. Nothing remarkable this day. 7 miles.

MONDAY, AUGUST 2. This day I improve in fishing with the seine, and catch some bass and other fine fish. So ends the 24 hours.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 3. This morning, at 7 o'clock, the troops leave Quilutimunk; proceed on the march, up the river, which we soon leave and take the upland. The country is very mountainous for near 10 miles. Here we encamp for the night at a small settlement called the Tunkhannunk. 10 miles.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4. This morning the troops march early through a barren country. March 10 miles to a small river called ____; make a short halt and refresh, and then proceed 5 miles to Vanderlap's Ford. Here encamp for the night. The finest black walnut timber grown on the intervale that I ever saw. This place is desolated, and the owner gone to the enemy. Nothing remarkable this day 15 miles.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 5. This day the troops leave Vanderlap's desolated farms. I march on the flank guard, over the most mountainous country I ever traveled. Here the mountains shut down close on the river for 7 or 8 miles. At 6 o'clock we arrive at Wyeluting. Nothing remarkable happens this day. 10 miles.

[184] FRIDAY, AUGUST 6. This day the troops lie by for washing their clothes. Nothing remarkable happens during this day. This place is remarkable for its fertility. It is a considerable spot of intervale, extending up the river about 2 miles, but not exceeding half a mile back from the river. This place was settled by a denomination of people called Moravian Indians, by the Moravians having missionaries among them. They are all gone back at present, and are with the enemy.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 7. This day the weather proves rainy. The troops lie by.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 8. This morning the troops proceed on their march up the river; the country not extraordinary, and the mountains shutting in on the river on both sides most of this day's march. At 1 o'clock halt at the Standing Stone, so called by their being a large rock on the side of the river standing on end. Here we encamp for the night on the intervale, there being considerable of a tract of good land at this place. Nothing remarkable during this day. 11 miles

MONDAY, AUGUST 9. This morning the troops proceed on the march and make a short halt at 4 miles. Here is a considerable of a body of intervale, the finest I ever saw; the wild grass and wild beans higher than a man's head. Here are the finest button wood trees I have seen in my travels, growing as tall and straight as any pine trees that I ever saw, and equally as large. We now proceed on the march, leaving the river and taking the upland, and travel through a very indifferent country. At 6 o'clock arrive at Sullivan's Farms, formerly Shegekanunk Flats, Here encamp on the flats, twelve miles. Nothing remarkable during this day. 16 miles.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 10. This day the troops lie by on the flats. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 11. This morning the troops march up the river 1 mile, and there ford the ____ branch, and march up on the south side of the river; and in marching about 2 miles come to where Queenchester palace was destroyed. It is a line, open, level country. Here we cross the south branch of the river, into the old Indian town called Tiega, which lies in the arms of the two rivers. Their wigwams were all destroyed by themselves about a year ago, when they left the place.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 12. The troops lie by this day. At 6, P. M., orders come for marching to Chemung. At 9, this evening, set out on the expedition. The night is very dark and the road very indifferent; nothing more than a foot path, and in many places none at all. At daybreak we come to the town of Chemung, which consists of about seventeen Indian houses, or wigwams, deserted by the enemy. The land on the east side is but indifferent. On the west the intervale appears to be considerably extensive. At this place are some fine fields of Indian corn, which we destroyed by fire. Gen. Hand, who marched in front, lost 6 men on the field, and Col. Cilley 1. Major Franklin, from Wyoming, is badly wounded.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 13. We still lie on the ground until twelve o'clock, when we begin to move for our old quarters, Tiego. Col. Shrewler's regiment of Jersey, and Col. Dearborn's of New-Hampshire form the left flank on our march back. At 9 o'clock in the evening we arrive at Tiego, where our tents and baggage were left, much fatigued with our march. So ends the 24 hours.

SATURDAY, August 14. This morning I feel much fatigued with my late command, but, nothing of notice turning up, we lie by and rest.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 15. Nothing remarkable happens during this day.

MONDAY, AUGUST 16. This day a detachment of 900 men is sent up the east branch to join Gen. Clinton, who is expected to be on his march from lake ____, the head of this river. The country during this day's march is poor, being chiefly pine plain with some considerable hills. At sunset we encamp on the banks of the river, on the west side. Nothing remarkable this day. 13 miles.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 17. This day the troops march early. I march on the flank guard. The country is very mountainous, with some fertile valleys. At 4, P. M., we arrive at a considerable Indian town, called Owago, 14 miles. Here is a very good tract of land on both sides of the river. The town consisted of about twenty houses, which we destroyed, [185] together with considerable Indian corn, which is in the milk just fit to roast. The town appears to have been evacuated but a little time. 14 miles.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18. This morning we march early. During this day's march we travel through a broken, barren country, having no path of consequence, but picking our way over mountains and through sunken swamps, the most disagreeable traveling I have seen. At 4, P. M. arrive at Churamuk, a considerable Indian town on the east side of the river, consisting of about __ houses, which we destroyed. Here we found corn and cucumbers in abundance. The land here is exceeding fine; a large flat of 400 or 500 acres clear run over to English grass, so thick and high it was with difficulty a man could travel through. Here we encamp for the night. At sunset we hear a cannon up the river, which we supposed to be at Gen. Clinton's encampment. Two men are sent off this evening as spies. 18 miles.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 19. This morning we hear another gun up the river, but, no intelligence arriving, the troops are ordered to march, and proceed about one mile, when our spies, sent off last evening, meet us with intelligence of Gen. Clinton's being near.

We then return to the place of our last encampment. At 10, A. M., Gen. Clinton arrives with about __ boats and 1500 men. We immediately proceed on the march for Tiego. At sunset arrive at the old encampment at Owago, and encamp. Nothing material happens this day. 14 miles.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 20. This day it proves rainy. We suffer much by reason of the weather and want of tents.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 21. This morning the troops march early. Make but few halts during the day. At 5, P. M., encamp on the banks of the river opposite ____ Farm, about 17 miles from Owago. Nothing remarkable this day. 19 miles.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 22. This morning the troops march early for the old encampment at Tiego, which we make at about 11, A. M. Nothing remarkable during this day. 8 miles.

MONDAY, AUGUST 23. This day a very melancholy accident happened. A soldier in snapping his gun, insensible of its being loaded, it went off and shot Capt. Benjamin Kimball through the heart. The same shot went through two more tents, where were a number of soldiers, with no further hurt than slightly wounding a man in the leg.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 24. This morning the remains of Capt. Kimball were interred with the honors of war. The troops are paraded and all the baggage loaded. Every thing is made ready for the excursion into the Indian country. At sunset all unloaded, and tents pitched on the old ground. The morning gun to be the signal for marching tomorrow morning.

TIEGO, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25. The day is very rainy, which prevents the troops marching. They lie by on the ground. Nothing remarkable this day.

TIEGO, THURSDAY, AUGUST 26. This morning at 11, A. M., the troops march from Tiego, making our course about northwest, over a thick pine plain, clearing the road before us, and following the Allegana branch. Encamp at 3, P. M., near the river, by a large plat of intervale. Nothing remarkable this day. 4 miles.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 27. This morning at 8 o'clock the army proceed on the march in two columns, about half a mile in distance and about a west course. The Artillery deters our march this day, having the road to clear before us through an uncultivated wilderness. The difficulties of this day prevent the troops from encamping till 12 o'clock at night, at which time we encamp on a large flat of intervale, called Old Chemung. Here is a vast quantity of corn and vegetables which we destroy. There are no buildings at this place, the town being built about 3 miles up the river. 6 miles.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 28. Having dispatched the business here, at 11, A. M,, march forward, and at sunset encamp at Chemung town, near the banks of the river. This evening several smokes and fires are discovered at some distance before us, supposed to be the enemy. 6 miles.

CHEMUNG, SUNDAY, AUGUST 29. At 10 o'clock this morning the troops proceed on the march in the usual order. At about 12 o'clk. our vanguard come in sight of the 24 [186] enemy's lines, thrown up by our left from the river, half a mile in extent, on a very advantageous piece of ground; the infantry beginning a slow attack on their flanks and advance parties, while Gen. Poor's brigade is sent round their left flank, to gain the enemy's rear, which he nearly completed, falling in with their flank, or rather their main body, lying off in the woods in order to cut off our rear. A very warm action ensued between about 600 chosen savages, commanded by Brant and Capt. Butler, of the Queen's rangers, and Poor's brigade, commanded by himself in person. The brigade marched on with coolness, with charged bayonets, not a gun being fired till within a short distance, when the enemy were obliged to give back, leaving their dead on the ground, amounting to about twenty. We took three prisoners. At sunset, after a complete victory, encamp near the field of action, carrying off our dead and wounded. Among the latter was Major Titcomb, Capt. Cloyes, and Lt. McCawley, and about thirty others. The killed amounted to but four or five. During the whole of the action Col. Reed's and Col. Dearborn's regiments fared the hardest. 6 miles.

NEAR NEWTON, MONDAY, AUGUST 30. This day Lieut. McCawley dies of his wounds. The whole of the army lie by and are employed in destroying the corn and vegetables at this place, which are very plenty. The wounded are sent down the river this evening to Chemung, and the remains of the dead buried. This evening the whole of the army by their voluntary consent are reduced to half allowance; half a pound of beef and flour.

NEWTON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 31. This day the army proceed on the march in the usual manner. At 2, P. M., arrive at the forks of the river; the Allegana branch keeping its former course, and the Tiego branch twining near a north-west course. Here are the principal improvements in Newton, and some good buildings of the English construction, some very large flats of intervale, and great quantities of corn, which were destroyed yesterday. Here the troops take dinner and burn the town. At 4, P. M., proceed on the march. At sunset encamp on a beautiful plain. We keep about a north-west course, following the Tiego branch. 12 miles.

PLEASANT PLAIN, WEDNESDAY, SEP 1. This morning at 9, A. M., the troops proceed on the march, the traveling continuing good, about 4 miles; then, crossing a mountain; from thence into a swamp, about 8 miles through, very thick with bushes, and exceedingly bad traveling. Not finding an agreeable spot to encamp on, traveled till 12 o'clock at night, over the most disagreeable road I ever traveled. At 12 o'clock we arrived at an Indian Town called French Catherines, deriving its name from from a French lady debauched by an Indian chief; afterwards marrying him, and made queen of the place. It is a small town, consisting of thirty houses and large fields of corn—The inhabitants leaving the town at our approach, in the greatest confusion. We take two squaws at this place, who inform us that the Indians are in the greatest confusion, not knowing what to do; that the old Indians and squaws are for making peace on any terms, but that Butler and Brandt would not let them, telling them that they would all be scalped if they attempted any thing of that nature. Here is a small river that runs due north and empties itself into Seneca Lake, the head of which comes within 4 miles of Tiego branch, which empties itself into the Susquehanna. 14 miles.

FRENCH CATHARINES, THURSDAY, SEPT. 2. This morning a small scout is sent out to reconnoitre the woods. They discover Butler and his party about eight miles off, on the opposite Side of the Lake of Seneca. The troops lie by on the ground, and are employed in destroying the crops. We leave the squaws taken prisoners yesterday, they being old and unable to do us any harm—leaving with them a sufficiency of food till we should return

FRENCH CATHARINES, FRIDAY, SEPT. 3. This morning the troops march early. In marching about 3 miles we come to the Seneca Lake, which we follow on the east side. This lake is very pleasant, being from 3 to 5 miles in width. The land ascends gradually and appears to be of the best quality. At night the troops encamp in the woods near the lake, having traveled about 12 miles. Nothing remarkable during this day.

SATURDAY, SEP. 4 This day we proceed on the march down the lake, passing by small Indian town called Appletown. During the day's march we travel over a fine level [187] tract of land, and at night encamp near the lake. Nothing remarkable this day, having traveled about 12 miles.

SUNDAY, SEP. 5. This day we continue the march as usual, the country continuing very good. At 3,P. M., come to an Indian town called Conday. Here the troops encamp for the night. This is considerable of a village, consisting of about twenty houses, which were burnt, and appears to be an ancient settlement by the number and bigness of the fruit trees. Nothing remarkable during our stay here, except taking a soldier that had left the enemy. 4 miles.

TUESDAY, SEPT. 7. This morning the troops march early, following the lake 11 miles, where we come to the outlet, which empties itself into Cayuga Lake. We cross this outlet and march along on the beach on the lower end of the lake which is very pleasant, having a prospect of the whole length, which is 42 miles. Near the end of this lake is the famous town of Kanadagago, the metropolis of the Seneca Nations. It is an old Settlement, Consisting of about 90 houses, very irregularly built, the land being much run over, to bushes. Their corn fields are planted in bye places in the woods, at considerable distance from town, and very extensive. At this place we found in one of their houses an image which I think might be worshipped without any breach of the second commandment—not having its likeness in the heavens above or in the earth beneath, &c. Here we find a young boy the savages had left, and in the evening his mother comes in, having deserted the enemy this day. She was an inhabitant of Wyoming, taken about a year ago at the capitulation of the fort at that place—her husband being killed at the battle of Wyoming. Here is a large burying place, with several large monuments raised over some of their chiefs. The enemy left this place the morning of our arrival. This town lies near 3 miles from the lake. 14 miles.

KANADAGAGO, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 8. This day the army lie by, and a detachment is sent up the lake 7 miles on the west side, to a large town cal led ____, where they find vast quantities of corn, beans, peas, and other vegetables, the town consisting of about 20 houses, which were destroyed together with the crops.

KANADAGAGO, THURSDAY, SEPT. 9. At 10 o'clock the army decamp and pursue the march for Genesee river. Steering our course about south-west through an open country, hundreds of acres together with scarcely a tree on it, and the grass as high as a man's head. We march 9 miles and encamp. Nothing remarkable this day.

FRIDAY, SEPT. 10. At 10 o'clock the troops march. We travel over a fine tract of land, supposed to be an old Indian town, the grass being higher than our heads and but few trees to be seen. At 4, P. M., come on a large pond or lake, having but one outlet, which empties into Lake Ontario. We cross the outlet, near which is a fine Indian town called Canandaigua. Their improvements are two miles from the town. The town consists of between thirty and forty buildings, some of them the best I have seen on the march, which were destroyed by fire, together with the crops. Nothing remarkable during the stay here. 8 miles.

CANANDAIGUA, SATURDAY, SEPT. 11. This morning the troops march early about a south-west point, over a country as heretofore, except being badly watered. At 4, P. M., encamp at an Indian town called Anagangoan. It is an old settlement, almost evacuated, having but about 20 houses left in the place, and the appearance but indifferent. 14 miles.

CANANDAIGUA, SUNDAY, SEPT. 12. The preceding night the weather proves rainy; and there is very severe thunder and lightning. At 1 P. M., the troops march, leaving a small garrison of 100 men and 2 pieces of small artillery, the chief of the ordnance stores, with the whole of our flour for the army, except four days' half rations, which we take on with us. We travel over a fine tract of land this afternoon. At sunset encamp near a small town called Yorkjough. 11 miles.

MONDAY, SEPT. 13. This morning the army march early and soon pass by Yorkjough, a small Indian town, consisting of about 30 buildings, evacuated this morning by the enemy. Considerable crops are growing at this place. The troops halt and refresh; likewise to repair a bridge the enemy had destroyed at their going off. Last evening Lt. [188] Boyd of the Pennsylvania line was ordered forward to make discoveries. This morning, in attempting to return to the main body, he is attacked by the savages and a severe engagement ensues. The savage party being much superior, surrounded Boyd and his party. Three only of 27 escaped. Boyd and the rest of the party were either killed or made prisoners—The latter of whom were afterwards barbarously murdered, two of whom I saw myself—Boyd, and one Parker, a sergeant in the rifle corps. Boyd's head was cut off, his ears cut off, his tongue plucked out, his right eye likewise put out, and himself stabbed in twenty places, and Parker used in the same manner. The next day 13 more were found mangled in the same manner—the most horrid sight I ever saw. At 12 o'clock the troops get under way and march over a fine tract of land, and at sunset arrive at New Genesee, a small town pleasantly situated on the north branch of the Genesee River. Here the enemy stay until our coming in sight gives us reason to expect a battle, but on our near approach they disperse without making any resistance. Here we encamp for the night. 8 miles.

TUESDAY, SEP'T. 14. This morning the troops cross the east branch, coming on to the flats called Genesee Flats,—the most beautiful flats I ever saw, being not less than 4 miles in width, and extending from right to left as far as can be seen; supposed to be 15,000 acres in one clear body. On the opposite side of this flat is the main branch of the Genesee. The two make a junction about 4 miles down the river, near which is the old town of Genesee, which is the best town I have seen. It consists of upwards of 100 houses The fields of corn are beyond account, there being not less than 700 acres in the place. The river that runs here empties into Lake Ontario, and good bottoming almost any time of year, and does not exceed 25 miles to the lake 6 miles.

GENESEE, SEPT. 15. This day the troops are employed in destroying the crops and buildings at this place. At 2, P. M., orders are issued for the march back to Tiego, and to our great joy at 3 get under way—returning by the same route we came - having fully accomplished the end of the expedition, and encamp at New Genesee.

NEW GENESEE, SEPT. 16. This morning the troops get under way, after destroying 100 acres of corn, not found on the march up. March about 5 miles and encamp at Yorkjough.

YORKJOUGH, SEP'T, 17. This day the troops make a rapid march. At 2, P. M., encamp at Annagaugaw.

SATURDAY, SEPT. 18. This day, at 11 A. M. the troops march, and at sunset encamp near New Canandaigua. Nothing remarkable this day.

SUNDAY, SEPT. 19. this morning at 9 the troops march. At sunset encamp on the old ground at Canandaigua.

MONDAY, SEPT. 20. This day a detachment is sent up to Fort Stanwix, under the command of Col. Van Chort. Another detachment is sent off this day to Tiego Lake, commanded by Col. Butler, to make excursions in to that part of the country. The troops march late in the day, cross the outlet of Seneca Lake, and encamp near its banks.

THURSDAY, SEPT. 21. This day Col. Dearborn takes the command of a detachment sent to Tiego Lake, to follow the west side, while Col. Butler and the party scour the east side. The troops proceed on their march as usual, travel about 12 miles, and encamp. Nothing remarkable this day.

WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 22. This day the troops march about 14 miles and encamp. Nothing remarkable this day.

THURSDAY, SEPT 23. This day the troops march early, nothing remarkable happening during the day. At 12 make a short halt at French Catherines, then move on about 4 miles, and encamp in the edge of the swamp.

FRIDAY, SEPT. 24. This day the troops make a rapid march through the swamp. At 4, P. M., arrive at Fort Reed.

SATURDAY, SEPT. 25. This day the troops lie by on the ground, and a feu de joie is fired on the news of the declaration of war by His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain Thirteen pieces of artillery are fired, with a running fire from right to left of the line. [189] Each brigade has a present of a fat ox. The day is closed with civil mirth. So ends the 24 hours.

SUNDAY, SEPT. 26. The troops continue on the ground this day. Nothing remarkable happens.

MONDAY, SEPT. 27. This morning a detachment of 500 men is sent up the Allegana Branch, and thirty boats, myself commanding the latter. The difficulty of getting the boats up so rapid and shoal a river prevented the party by land proceeding more than 5 miles. Where the boats landed we find some large fields of corn, with a few houses—The mountains closing nearly to the river on both sides. Here the boats are loaded with corn, beans, pumpkins, and other vegetables. At sunset I set out with my whole fleet, and at 9 arrive at Fort Reed, fatigued with my days march.

TUESDAY, SEPT. 28. The troops continue on the ground, and at 11 o'clock the detachment under Col. Butler, sent out the 20th. inst., arrives. Orders are issued for marching tomorrow morning.

WEDNESDAY, SEPT, 29. This morning at 12 o'clock the troops march from Fort Reed passing over the field of action, and at 12 arrive at Cheming, and make a short halt; from whence we march to old Chemung, about 3 miles below, and encamp, having marched about 11 miles. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

THURSDAY, SEPT. 30. This morning at 8 o'clock the troops march. At 12 arrive at Tiego, in sight of Fort Sullivan. After making a short halt, the troops march in, displaying all the honors of war and glories of victory. The fort saluted us with 13 pieces of cannon, and the compliment was returned by our corps of artillery. An elegant dinner is cooked by those left in the fort for our reception. All marks of joy appeared in the face of every soldier, having his brother messmate by the hand, appearing as happy as a prince. The day is closed with civil mirth.

TIEGO, FRIDAY, OCT. 1, and SATURDAY, Oct. 2. The troops lie by and nothing remarkable happens.

SUNDAY, OCT. 3. This day a fatigue party is employed in destroying Fort Sullivan and other fortifications at this place, and preparing the boats. A sermon is preached this day by the Rev. Dr. Evans, chaplain to the brigade, and suitable to the time.

MONDAY, OCT. 4. This day at 9 the troops leave Tiego, having demolished all the fortifications at that place, and cross the river, marching about 15 miles, and encamp. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

TUESDAY, OCT. 5. This morning the troops chiefly go on board the boats, myself going by land. I keep in front of the boats the whole of the day. At night encamp near Vandalap's desolated farms in front of the boats.

WEDNESDAY, OCT. 6. This morning at day break I move on my journey, keeping in sight of the boats the chief of the day. I travel about 30 miles and encamp near Lackawannuk.

THURSDAY, OCT. 7. This day I pursue my journey. At 8 A. M., I arrive at Lackawannuk where the boats lie by for the rear to come up. Myself and company go on to Wyoming, where we arrive at 12 o'clock. The boats soon heave in sight and are saluted from the fort with 13 pieces of cannon, and the compliment returned by our fleet.

FRIDAY, OCT. 8. and Saturday, Oct. 9. The troops lie by at this place, cleaning their arms, washing their clothes, and preparing for marching tomorrow.

SUNDAY, ()CT. 10. This day at 12 o'clock the troops get under way for Easton. Late in the evening we arrive at Bullocks desolated farm, where we encamp for the night.

MONDAY, OCT. 11. This day the troops march early, and move but slow, by reason of the bad roads. At 4, P. M., incamp near Locust Hill, having marched about 11 miles.

TUESDAY, OCT. 12. This morning the troops proceed on the march through the swamp. The latter part of the day proves rainy, and make the traveling exceedingly bad. At night encamp at Chowder Camp.

WEDNESDAY, OCT. 13. This morning the troops pursue their march. At 4, P. M., encamp at Brin coup's mills.

THURSDAY. OCT. 14. This morning the troops march at about 11, A. M., and encamp at 3, P. M., at Hiller's Tavern.

[190] FRIDAY, OCT. 15. This morning the troops march early from Hiller's Tavern at 1 P. M., arrive at Easton. From this day to the 23rd, the troops lie by at this place, where nothing remarkable happens.

SATURDAY, OCT. 23. This day the troops cross the ferry in Jersey, march about 4 miles, and encamp near Col. Bond's.

SUNDAY, OCT. 24. The troops lie by on the ground. Nothing remarkable.

MONDAY, Oct. 25. This day the troops lie by.

TUESDAY, OCT. 26. This day the troops lie by, and a brigade court martial is called, of which Maj. Titcomb is President, for the trial of Capt. Isaac Frye, of the third battalion of New Hampshire forces, of which I was a member. The charge brought against Capt. Frye was ungentlemanlike behaviour, and defrauding the officers of the regiment of public stores. The charge was not supported, and Capt. Frye is acquitted.

WEDNESDAY, OCT. 27. This day the troops march towards Sussex. We proceed about 8 miles and encamp. Nothing remarkable happens during this day.

THURSDAY, OCT. 28. This day the troops pursue the march, mostly through Moravian-town, where we make a short halt and refresh; from whence we proceed to a place called Log Goal, and here encamp for the night.

FRIDAY, OCT. 29. This day the troops pursue the march for Sussex, where we arrive at 2, P. M., and encamp for the night.

SATURDAY, OCT. 30. This morning the troops leave Sussex about 9 o'clock and march on towards Warwick, about 14 miles, and encamp at Flagsborough. Nothing remarkable this day.

SUNDAY, OCT. 31. This day the troops proceed on the march, and at night encamp near Warwick church. Nothing remarkable this day.

MONDAY, NOV. 1. This day for want of wagons the march is deferred till 12, o'clock, when we proceed on the march. Being ordered to alter the route for Pumpton, we proceed over the mountains towards that place—the traveling very bad. At night encamp at Stirling, a place noted for making the best pig iron on the continent. Here is a fine furnace for casting cannon balls, &c.

TUESDAY, NOV. 2. This day we get through the mountains, and at 3, P. M., arrive at ____, where we encamp for the night. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

WEDNESDAY, NOV. 3. This day the troops lie by on the ground. Nothing remarkable this day.

THURSDAY, NOV. 4. This day the troops lie by. Myself, in company with Maj. Whiting, Capts. Reed, Ellis and Dennet, ride out to Smith's Tavern, and stay over night. Nothing remarkable during the twenty-four hours.

FRIDAY, NOV. 5. This day in the afternoon we return to camp. Receive orders for marching tomorrow morning at 9 o'clock. Nothing remarkable this day.

SATURDAY, NOV. 6. This day Gen. Hand's brigade and the artillery march off the ground. The other two—Poor's and Clinton's—stay for want of wagons. Gen. Sullivan likewise sets out for Pumpton this afternoon.

SUNDAY NOV. 7. This day Gen. Clinton's brigade march for Pumpton. Gen Poor's lie by for want of wagons

MONDAY, NOV. 8. This day Gen Poor's brigade march for Pumpton, where we arrive at 4, P. M., and encamp near the fort.

TUESDAY, NOV. 9. This day the troops lie by. His Excellency pays us a visit from head quarters—this day being the first since our arrival from the Indian country. The weather is exceedingly uncomfortable and cold about this time.

WEDNESDAY, NOV. 10, and Thursday, Nov, 11. The troops lie by. Nothing worthy of notice.

FRIDAY, NOV. 12. This day the troops shift their quarters. March about two miles south-east in a thick wood, on the east side of the river.

SATURDAY, NOV. 13. This day we lie by. Nothing remarkable.

SUNDAY, NOV. 14. This day the officers of Gen'ls Clinton's and Poor's brigades meet at Gen. Poor's quarters on business of a public nature.

[191] MONDAY, NOV. 15. From this time to the 24th. the troops lie by, and nothing remarkable happens.

WEDNESDAY, NOV. 24. This morning the troops march from Pumpton on the way to Kings ferry. At night encamp at ____, near Smith's tavern traveling about 16 miles.

THURSDAY, NOV. 25 This morning the troops march early. At 2, P. M., arrive at King's ferry, and immediately proceed to conveying the men and baggage of the regiment over the ferry, which is accomplished about sunset. The troops march about 2 miles, and encamp in the woods.

FRIDAY, NOV. 26. The preceding night proves stormy, and the first snow that has fallen this winter prevents the troops from marching this day.

SATURDAY, NOV. 27. This day at 4, P. M., the troops get under way, and march about six miles towards Danbury and encamp in the woods. The snow is about eight inches in depth.

SUNDAY, NOV. 28. This day we proceed on the march, the traveling being very bad. At night encamp near Salem, traveling about 12 miles.

MONDAY, NOV. 29. This morning we proceed on the march. At 4, P. M., take quarters in houses three miles from Danbury, by reason of Gen. Stark's brigade lying in the town of Danbury.

TUESDAY, NOV. 30. The troops lie by at Muddy Brook, by reason of the weather.

WEDNESDAY, DEC. 1. This day the troops lie by and nothing remarkable happens.

THURSDAY, DEC. 2. This day the troops proceed on the march, and go on to the ground laid out for hutting, which is in the vicinity of Danbury towards Newton.

FRIDAY, DEC. 3; Saturday, 4, and Sunday, 5. These three days the troops are busy in clearing and fixing for laying the foundations of the huts.

MONDAY, DEC. 6. This day the huts go on rapidly, and in the evening the officers of the brigade attend at the Hon. Gen. Poor's quarters, to wait on the committee from New Hampshire and choose a committee to send to New-Hampshire, to settle the depreciation of the continental currency.

TUESDAY, DEC. 7. This day I lay the foundation of my hut, twenty-two feet in length and twelve in width.

The journal ends here and is re-opened April 6, 1780.

DANIEL LIVERMORE, Captain in the Third New Hampshire Regiment. He was born in Watertown, Mass., in 1749. After serving an apprenticeship to a house carpenter at Concord, N. H., he continued there working at his trade until the commencement of the revolution, when, in June, 177o, he was commissioned as Ensign in Third New Hampshire Reg't and in January, 1776, was appointed as First Lieutenant, and not long after was appointed Captain, and commanded a company of foot in the Sullivan expedition, during which time the following journal was written. Oct. 10th, 1783, Captain Livermore was promoted by Congress to rank of Major by brevet and Dec. 10, 1783, he retired from the army and returned to Concord where he continued to reside until his death, June 22, 17998.

His journal was published in the New Hampshire Historical Collections, Vol. VI, page 308, having been furnished by Joseph B. Walker, Esq., of Concord. The following is taken therefrom:

A JOURNAL OF THE MARCH OF GEN. POOR'S BRIGADE, FROM

SOLDIER'S FORTUNE, ON THE WESTERN

EXPEDITION, MAY 7, 1779.

BY DANIEL LIVERMORE, CAPTAIN IN THE THIRD NEW HAMPSHIRE REGIMENT.

JOURNAL.

MONDAY, MAY 17, 1779. This day at eight o'clock the remaining part of Gen. Poor's brigade leave Soldier's Fortune and march on the Western Expedition. At three o'clock, P. M., halt at Fishkill, where we dine, twelve miles from our old quarters. At five P. M., march for the Ferry, which we make about sunset; five miles from town. Col. Read's regiment cross the North River this evening, Col. Dearborn's take quarters for the night on the east side. Nothing remarkable happens during the day, 17 miles.

TUESDAY, MAY 18th. This morning the weather being fair we proceed to conveying our baggage and stores over the river, to Newburg Landing, which was completed at about twelve o'clock. Here the troops refresh. At two o'clock, P. M., are ready to [179] march, near which time Gen. Poor arrives from New Hampshire. The troops now proceed on their march by the way of New-Windsor, three miles; thence to Bethlehem, nine miles. Put up at Maj. Deboyse's. This place is in the State of New York, and county of Orange. The country is not very good in general, although some of the farms are very fine. Nothing material has happened this day. 12 miles.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 19. This morning the troops march, at seven o'clock, through a very fertile part of the country, and make a short halt at Bloomsgrove Church, five miles. From thence proceed on our march five miles, to a small village called Chester. Here we halt an hour. The weather proves rainy, but we proceed on the march three miles, and are then obliged to put up for the night, by reason of the bad weather, in very disagreeable quarters. The country during this day's march is exceedingly good, but the inhabitants are not friendly. Nothing remarkable happens this day. 13 miles.

THURSDAY, MAY 20. This morning the weather still continues rainy; necessity obliges us to continue the march. The traveling is exceedingly bad. At nine o'clock make a halt at a small village called Warwick, six miles. Here we take breakfast at Beard's tavern, from whence we proceed on the march to Hardiston, seven miles. During this days march we went past but few farms of any consequence. The land is not fertile, but on both sides of the valley very mountainous and broken. At about four P. M., we arrived at the afore mentioned place. The weather continues rainy. Put up at Hinksman's formerly a tavern, but now a torified house. Nothing remarkable happens during this day. 13 miles.

FRIDAY, MAY 21. The weather continues rainy. The troops lie by in their disagreeable quarters. Nothing remarkable happens during this day.

SATURDAY, MAY 22. This day the troops lie by for want of provisions, and are employed in washing and drying their clothes. Nothing remarkable happens this day except a dispute which arose between the landlord and some of the officers, on account of the uncivil treatment they received from him, which was carried to no small height. N. B.—A Tory.

SUNDAY, MAY 23. This morning the troops march at five o'clock. Proceed on their march seven miles, to the sign of the Ball. Here make a short halt. This is about two miles from New York line, in the State of New Jersey. We soon march on a few miles farther, and halt four hours in the heat of the day. At two o'clock proceed on the march through a mountainous, poor country, having but few inhabitants. At six o'clock arrive at Sussex State House, where we put up for the night. This is a small village consisting of about ten decent houses, with a large State House, built of Stone. In the north-east part of the town the people are chiefly of the English descent, but the greater part are not friendly to our cause. We put up at Prentice's tavern, and had very good treatment. I passed the evening very agreeably with our own corps of officers, and Mr. Abial Frye. Nothing remarkable happens during this day. So ends the twenty-four hours. 22 miles.

MONDAY, MAY 24. This morning, at about seven o'clock, the troops proceed on their march for Easton. We make but very few halts during this day's march. At about five, P. M., we arrive at a small village called Moravian Mills or Oxford. This place is pleasantly situated, lying on a small river, on which stands the most curious corn mill I ever saw. The inhabitants are of that denomination of people, called Moravians. They are of a kind and benevolent disposition. The curiosities of this place are worthy of notice , their water-works in particular form a large fountain opposite the town, on a hill. The water is carried under ground down the hill and through the bottom of the river, to a considerable of an eminence on the opposite side. During the preceding day's march we traveled through an indifferent country. The people were chiefly of the Dutch descent. Nothing remarkable happens during this day's march. 16 miles.

TUESDAY, MAY 25. This morning the troops march early. Make a short halt at Carr's Tavern, five miles; from whence we proceed on the march and make but few stops till we halt for the night. The troops encamp on the edge of a wood, on the left hand, near Col. Bond's. This night we lie on the ground in the open air. Sometime in the night it rains and makes it very uncomfortable. During the preceding day's march the weather was [180] very hot. The country on the right hand is fertile. Some exceeding fine farms between the road and the river Delaware, which is from five to two miles distant. During the day's march nothing remarkable happens, 17 miles.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 26. This morning the troops march early. At eight o'clock arrive at Easton, Ferry, five miles. We then proceed to conveying the troops and baggage over the Delaware, which is completed at about ten o'clock. This day the troops are supplied with tents, and encamp on the south-east side of the town on the banks of the River Lehigh, which empties itself at this place into the Delaware. The town of Easton is pleasantly situated, on a level flat of ground, on a point made by the Delaware and Lehigh. The buildings in this place are plain, and built of stone. Their State House is built in the centre of the town, where four roads meet. It is built of stone and lime, and makes an elegant appearance. They have one house of worship, near the State House. It is built of hewn stone; large and elegant, with a large organ. The inhabitants are chiefly Low Dutch, and they worship wholly in that way. There are some few Jews living here, who are the principal merchants of the place.

THURSDAY, MAY 27; FRIDAY, 28; SATURDAY, 20, and SUNDAY, 30. Nothing material happens. We lie by having little to do. Spend our time in fishing and other sort of diversions.

MONDAY, MAY 31. This day I set out on a party of pleasure, to Bethlehem, in company with a number of gentlemen, officers of the brigade. Had an elegant dinner, after which we walked out and took a survey of the town and its curiosities. The town of Bethlehem is a small, compact town, lying on the river Lehigh, about twelve miles from Easton. It lies on a small descent towards the south-east, and is pleasantly situated. The inhabitants are all Low Dutch, and of that denomination called Moravians. They are much bigoted in their ways of worship, as also in their method of living. Their buildings are not elegant though decent, and built wholly of stone and lime. They have but one place of public worship, and perform in the Dutch language and one house of entertainment, which is supplied out of the public fund. Nothing extraordinary happens this day.

TUESDAY, JUNE 1. Nothing remarkable happens this day. We lay in camp having little exercise.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2; THURSDAY, 3; FRIDAY, 4; SATURDAY, 5; SUNDAY, 6, and MONDAY, 7. Nothing remarkable happens.

TUESDAY, JUNE 8. This day the troops are reviewed by Gen. Sullivan. They parade on the banks of the river Lehigh, about one mile from the town, on very disagreeable ground. Nothing remarkable happens during the day.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 9. This day the two remaining regiments of Gen. Poor's brigade decamp and move up the river about one mile. There encamp on the banks, on good ground. Nothing remarkable happens during this day.

THURSDAY, JUNE 10. This day the troops parade at four. P. M., for exercise; march to town and go through various maneuvers, in forming and displaying columns, crossing defiles, &c. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

FRIDAY, JUNE 11. This day, at four o'clock, the troops march to town for exercise, and perform several manœuvres of displaying columns and reducing platoons to rank-entire, and forming the same. Nothing remarkable happens this day. So ends the twenty-four hours.

SATURDAY, JUNE 12. This day, at four, P. M., the troops parade to attend the execution of three criminals, inhabitants of this State, convicted of murder and highway robbery. They were tried before the civil authority, and have been under sentence eleven months. Nothing more worthy of notice this day.

SUNDAY, JUNE 13. This day, one of the criminals executed yesterday was dug up and dissected of which I was a spectator. Nothing further worthy of notice this day.

MONDAY, JUNE 14; TUESDAY, 15; WEDNESDAY, 16, and THURSDAY 17. Nothing worthy of notice happens. We follow our diversions while we stay at this place.

FRIDAY, JUNE 18. This morning, at four o'clock, the troops strike their tents and load [181] their baggage, in order for marching at seven o'clock. With much regret we take our leave of that pleasant town, and pursue our intended expedition. We march on seven miles, through an indifferent part of the country. Here the troops halt and take breakfast. We then pursue our march, and travel through the poorest country I ever saw—so bad that even bushes can't grow thereon. About five, P. M., we encamp near Hill's tavern, in Hillstown. Nothing remarkable during this day's march. 12 miles.

SATURDAY, JUNE 19. This morning the troops march early, and pass the wind-gap, so called, for its being the only pass for a number of miles through the long chain of mountains that extend to the southernmost part of the continent, called the ____ mountains. We continue our march through a very barren and mountainous part of the country, and make a halt at Brinker's Mills, seven miles. Here we breakfast, from whence we proceed on the march and make a few halts till we halt for the night at Leonard's tavern, in Poconogo, nine miles, and the last house on that road till we came within seven miles of Susquehanna. Nothing remarkable happens during this day's march. 16 miles.

SUNDAY, JUNE 20. This morning the troops march at eight o'clock; leave Poconogo, and proceed to chowder Camp, where we encamp for the night, five miles. This day we march through a barren, mountainous, country, and uninhabited. Nothing remarkable during this day's march. 5 miles.

MONDAY, JUNE 21. This morning I mount guard. The troops march at sunrise, and soon enter the great swamp. Proceed seven miles and take breakfast. Here we cross the small river called Tunhannunk, which empties itself into the Delaware at Easton. We now proceed on our march through the swamp, which is a dark and dismal place, being covered with a growth of large pines and hemlock, and small brush so thick that a man can't be seen a rod from the road. This swamp is not level, but has some considerable hills and ledgy mountains in it; and by accounts it extends between forty and fifty miles, north and south, and from twelve to twenty in width. In about seven miles we cross another small river, called the Tobahanna, much smaller than the former. We still proceed on the march, making few halts. About two come to Locust Hill, but, there being no water, obliged us to continue the march; the traveling very bad and the troops much fatigued. At about four, P. M., we cross considerable of a river, which is the principal branch of the river Lehigh. At about six, i>. M., arrived at Barren Hill, alias Burnt Plain, much fatigued with our day's march. Here we encamp for the night. Nothing remarkable happens during this day's march. 19 miles.

TUESDAY, JUNE 22. This day the troops lie by till twelve o'clock, at which time we move off the ground, myself in the rear guard. The troops were scarcely gone when two savages were seen by our friendly Indians, and the first that had been discovered by our party during the march. At about five we arrive at Bullock House, where we encamp for the night. Nothing extraordinary this day. 5 miles.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23. This morning the troops march at seven o'clock, and pass the Bear Swamp and a place called the Shades of Death, by its being a dark, lonesome place. The sun is scarcely to be seen for the trees and bushes. Not far from this place is where Capt. Davis and Lieut. Jones from Pennsylvania, were inhumanly murdered April 18th, 1779, by the savages. During the whole of our march from Easton we traveled through the most barren part of the country I ever saw for so far together. Rocky mountains, sunken swamps and burning plains the whole of the way. At about two, P. M., we arrived at Wyoming, which lies on the east branch of the Susquehanna river. Here is a fertile country, but the town wholly destroyed by the savages; and, if I mistake not, about this time, twelve months ago, their settlements were very extensive both up and down the river. There are two hundred and fifty widows in the place, whose husbands were slain in Col. Butler's battle, about the time the town was destroyed. The principal town was on the east side of the river. This was a county town, in the County of Westmoreland. The inhabitants are wholly from the State of Connecticut, and hold their land by its grant. The troops march about half a mile down the river and encamp. Nothing remarkable happened this day. 7 miles.

THURSDAY, JUNE 24. Nothing remarkable happens this day. We lie by in our tents, having little or no duty to do. So ends the twenty-four hours.

[181] FRIDAY, JUNE 25, and Saturday, 26. Nothing worthy of notice happens. All peace and quietness. So ends the forty-eight hours.

SUNDAY, JUNE 27. This day the two regiments of Gen. Pool's brigade, 2nd and 3rd, cross the river, and move about three miles up stream and encamp on its banks, near a large picket fort, known by the name of Forty Fort. This fort derives its name from its being built by forty persons, original proprietors of the tract of land lying on that side the Susquehanna, and containing forty rights. The land here is very fertile, and the intervale or meadow extends near four miles from the bank of the river. Nothing extraordinary happens during this day. 3 miles.

MONDAY, JUNE 28; TUESDAY, 29; WEDNESDAY, 30; THURSDAY, JULY 1; FRIDAY, 2, and SATURDAY, 3. Nothing remarkable happens. Scarcity of provisions, which makes uneasiness among the troops.

SUNDAY, JULY 4. This day being the anniversary of the Independence of America and being Sunday, the celebration was put off till tomorrow. This day we are joined by the other—2nd regiment—belonging to the brigade. Col. Cilley New-Hampshire troops; Col. Courtland, New York troops. Nothing remarkable happens during this day.

MONDAY, JULY 5. This day General Poor makes an elegant entertainment for all the officers of his brigade, with a number of gentlemen from other brigades, and from the town. Gen. Hand and his retinue were present. The dining room was a large booth, about eighty feet in length, with a marquee pitched at each end. The day was spent in civil mirth and jollity. The company consisted of upwards of one hundred who graced the feast with a number of good songs. After dinner the following toasts were drank, to-wit:

1st. The United States.

2nd. The Fourth of July, '76: The memorable era of American Independence.

3rd. The Grand Council of America.

4th. Gen. Washington and the army.

5th. The King and Queen of France.

6th. Genl. Sullivan and the Western Expedition.

7th. May the Counsellors of America be wise, and her Soldiers invincible.

8th. A successful and decisive campaign.

9th. Civilization, or death to all Savages.

10th. To the immortal memory of those heroes who have fallen in defence of American Liberty.

11th. May the husbandman's cottage be blessed with peace, and his fields with plenty.

12th Vigor and virtue to the sons and daughters of America.

13th. May the new world be the last asylum of freedom and the arts.

TUESDAY, JULY 6. This day nothing of notice happens.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 7.—This day I sat on a court martial. Nothing remarkable happens this day. So ends the twenty-four hours.

THURSDAY, JULY 8, and Friday, 9. Nothing worthy of notice happens.

SATURDAY, JULY 10. This day I ride to town for recreation. Towards evening ride down the river four miles to a place called Shawney. The land is exceedingly good and pleasant. I return home late. Visit the guards at twelve o'clock at night. This day Capt. Frye and Capt. Ellis set out on their command to Brinker's Mills.

SUNDAY, JULY 11, and Monday, 12. Nothing happens worthy of notice.

TUESDAY JULY 13. This day a number of gentlemen and ladies from town ride up to take a survey of our encampment; Col. Butler, Capt. Spalding and others, with their ladies.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 14, and Thursday, 15. Nothing worthy of note happens.

FRIDAY, JULY 16. This day I dine with Gen. Poor, in company with the Hon. Major General Sullivan and his Suite. The day was spent very agreeably. Nothing remarkable happens during the day.

SATURDAY, JULY 17. Nothing worthy of notice happens this day.

SUNDAY, JULY 18. This day, at ten, A. M., the brigade attend divine service. This [183] afternoon considerable of a cannonade is heard down the river, the reason of which is not known. Nothing extraordinary.

MONDAY, JULY 19. Nothing happens worthy of notice this day. So ends the twenty-four hours.

TUESDAY, JULY 20. Nothing this day to be mentioned.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 21. This evening, by order of Gen. Poor, I sat out from Camp for Easton, in Company with Lieut. Hoite. At ten, P. M., leave Col. Butler's and enter the Shady Grove. At day break we arrive at Locust Hill, from whence we proceed, and at eleven o'clock join Col. Read at Drinker's Mills; halt two hours, and then proceed to Easton. Nothing remarkable happens during Wednesday night and Thursday. So ends the thirty-six hours.

FRIDAY, JULY 23. This morning I feel the effects of my late journey; am employed in preparing for returning to camp. Nothing material during this day.

SATURDAY, JULY 24. This day I set out for Easton. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

SUNDAY, JULY 25. This day, after sending the party on I stop in company with Dr. Barnet and other gentlemen, and take breakfast; from whence we proceed on the journey and make a halt at Hiller's tavern, Plainfield, twelve miles from Easton. Here we halt for the night. Nothing remarkable happens this twenty-four hours.

MONDAY, JULY 26. This morning the weather still proves rainy, but we proceed on the journey to Brinker's mill; there dine; move on to Leonard's tavern and put up for the night. A dispute arises between Capt. Peatt and myself. So ends the twenty-four hours.

TUESDAY, JULY 27. This day we move on the march through the woods and swamp. This evening, at seven o'clock, come up with Colt. Read's party at Bullock's house, and there stay during the night with Capt. Frye. No more this day.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 28. This morning I march early in, and leave Col. Read on the ground. At nine I arrive at Wyoming, and find the brigade have moved on to the east side of the river.

THURSDAY, JULY 29. Nothing remarkable during this day.

FRIDAY, JULY 30. This day I am busy in preparing for the march.

SATURDAY, JULY 31. This day the troops march from Wyoming. They march on the east side of the river. At about sunset arrive at Lakawaonunk, ten miles. This was a new settlement, but destroyed by the savages. The land is very fertile, and bids fair to have made a very fine town. The river here takes a turn to about a west point. Nothing remarkable happens during this day's march. 10 miles.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 1. This day the troops march at twelve o'clock. The road here soon leaves the upland and takes the beach; the mountains here shutting close down on the river till we come to Quilutimunk, seven miles. Here encamp for the night on the intervale, the finest I ever saw. Nothing remarkable this day. 7 miles.

MONDAY, AUGUST 2. This day I improve in fishing with the seine, and catch some bass and other fine fish. So ends the 24 hours.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 3. This morning, at 7 o'clock, the troops leave Quilutimunk; proceed on the march, up the river, which we soon leave and take the upland. The country is very mountainous for near 10 miles. Here we encamp for the night at a small settlement called the Tunkhannunk. 10 miles.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4. This morning the troops march early through a barren country. March 10 miles to a small river called ____; make a short halt and refresh, and then proceed 5 miles to Vanderlap's Ford. Here encamp for the night. The finest black walnut timber grown on the intervale that I ever saw. This place is desolated, and the owner gone to the enemy. Nothing remarkable this day 15 miles.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 5. This day the troops leave Vanderlap's desolated farms. I march on the flank guard, over the most mountainous country I ever traveled. Here the mountains shut down close on the river for 7 or 8 miles. At 6 o'clock we arrive at Wyeluting. Nothing remarkable happens this day. 10 miles.

[184] FRIDAY, AUGUST 6. This day the troops lie by for washing their clothes. Nothing remarkable happens during this day. This place is remarkable for its fertility. It is a considerable spot of intervale, extending up the river about 2 miles, but not exceeding half a mile back from the river. This place was settled by a denomination of people called Moravian Indians, by the Moravians having missionaries among them. They are all gone back at present, and are with the enemy.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 7. This day the weather proves rainy. The troops lie by.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 8. This morning the troops proceed on their march up the river; the country not extraordinary, and the mountains shutting in on the river on both sides most of this day's march. At 1 o'clock halt at the Standing Stone, so called by their being a large rock on the side of the river standing on end. Here we encamp for the night on the intervale, there being considerable of a tract of good land at this place. Nothing remarkable during this day. 11 miles

MONDAY, AUGUST 9. This morning the troops proceed on the march and make a short halt at 4 miles. Here is a considerable of a body of intervale, the finest I ever saw; the wild grass and wild beans higher than a man's head. Here are the finest button wood trees I have seen in my travels, growing as tall and straight as any pine trees that I ever saw, and equally as large. We now proceed on the march, leaving the river and taking the upland, and travel through a very indifferent country. At 6 o'clock arrive at Sullivan's Farms, formerly Shegekanunk Flats, Here encamp on the flats, twelve miles. Nothing remarkable during this day. 16 miles.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 10. This day the troops lie by on the flats. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 11. This morning the troops march up the river 1 mile, and there ford the ____ branch, and march up on the south side of the river; and in marching about 2 miles come to where Queenchester palace was destroyed. It is a line, open, level country. Here we cross the south branch of the river, into the old Indian town called Tiega, which lies in the arms of the two rivers. Their wigwams were all destroyed by themselves about a year ago, when they left the place.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 12. The troops lie by this day. At 6, P. M., orders come for marching to Chemung. At 9, this evening, set out on the expedition. The night is very dark and the road very indifferent; nothing more than a foot path, and in many places none at all. At daybreak we come to the town of Chemung, which consists of about seventeen Indian houses, or wigwams, deserted by the enemy. The land on the east side is but indifferent. On the west the intervale appears to be considerably extensive. At this place are some fine fields of Indian corn, which we destroyed by fire. Gen. Hand, who marched in front, lost 6 men on the field, and Col. Cilley 1. Major Franklin, from Wyoming, is badly wounded.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 13. We still lie on the ground until twelve o'clock, when we begin to move for our old quarters, Tiego. Col. Shrewler's regiment of Jersey, and Col. Dearborn's of New-Hampshire form the left flank on our march back. At 9 o'clock in the evening we arrive at Tiego, where our tents and baggage were left, much fatigued with our march. So ends the 24 hours.

SATURDAY, August 14. This morning I feel much fatigued with my late command, but, nothing of notice turning up, we lie by and rest.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 15. Nothing remarkable happens during this day.

MONDAY, AUGUST 16. This day a detachment of 900 men is sent up the east branch to join Gen. Clinton, who is expected to be on his march from lake ____, the head of this river. The country during this day's march is poor, being chiefly pine plain with some considerable hills. At sunset we encamp on the banks of the river, on the west side. Nothing remarkable this day. 13 miles.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 17. This day the troops march early. I march on the flank guard. The country is very mountainous, with some fertile valleys. At 4, P. M., we arrive at a considerable Indian town, called Owago, 14 miles. Here is a very good tract of land on both sides of the river. The town consisted of about twenty houses, which we destroyed, [185] together with considerable Indian corn, which is in the milk just fit to roast. The town appears to have been evacuated but a little time. 14 miles.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18. This morning we march early. During this day's march we travel through a broken, barren country, having no path of consequence, but picking our way over mountains and through sunken swamps, the most disagreeable traveling I have seen. At 4, P. M. arrive at Churamuk, a considerable Indian town on the east side of the river, consisting of about __ houses, which we destroyed. Here we found corn and cucumbers in abundance. The land here is exceeding fine; a large flat of 400 or 500 acres clear run over to English grass, so thick and high it was with difficulty a man could travel through. Here we encamp for the night. At sunset we hear a cannon up the river, which we supposed to be at Gen. Clinton's encampment. Two men are sent off this evening as spies. 18 miles.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 19. This morning we hear another gun up the river, but, no intelligence arriving, the troops are ordered to march, and proceed about one mile, when our spies, sent off last evening, meet us with intelligence of Gen. Clinton's being near.

We then return to the place of our last encampment. At 10, A. M., Gen. Clinton arrives with about __ boats and 1500 men. We immediately proceed on the march for Tiego. At sunset arrive at the old encampment at Owago, and encamp. Nothing material happens this day. 14 miles.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 20. This day it proves rainy. We suffer much by reason of the weather and want of tents.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 21. This morning the troops march early. Make but few halts during the day. At 5, P. M., encamp on the banks of the river opposite ____ Farm, about 17 miles from Owago. Nothing remarkable this day. 19 miles.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 22. This morning the troops march early for the old encampment at Tiego, which we make at about 11, A. M. Nothing remarkable during this day. 8 miles.

MONDAY, AUGUST 23. This day a very melancholy accident happened. A soldier in snapping his gun, insensible of its being loaded, it went off and shot Capt. Benjamin Kimball through the heart. The same shot went through two more tents, where were a number of soldiers, with no further hurt than slightly wounding a man in the leg.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 24. This morning the remains of Capt. Kimball were interred with the honors of war. The troops are paraded and all the baggage loaded. Every thing is made ready for the excursion into the Indian country. At sunset all unloaded, and tents pitched on the old ground. The morning gun to be the signal for marching tomorrow morning.

TIEGO, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25. The day is very rainy, which prevents the troops marching. They lie by on the ground. Nothing remarkable this day.

TIEGO, THURSDAY, AUGUST 26. This morning at 11, A. M., the troops march from Tiego, making our course about northwest, over a thick pine plain, clearing the road before us, and following the Allegana branch. Encamp at 3, P. M., near the river, by a large plat of intervale. Nothing remarkable this day. 4 miles.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 27. This morning at 8 o'clock the army proceed on the march in two columns, about half a mile in distance and about a west course. The Artillery deters our march this day, having the road to clear before us through an uncultivated wilderness. The difficulties of this day prevent the troops from encamping till 12 o'clock at night, at which time we encamp on a large flat of intervale, called Old Chemung. Here is a vast quantity of corn and vegetables which we destroy. There are no buildings at this place, the town being built about 3 miles up the river. 6 miles.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 28. Having dispatched the business here, at 11, A. M,, march forward, and at sunset encamp at Chemung town, near the banks of the river. This evening several smokes and fires are discovered at some distance before us, supposed to be the enemy. 6 miles.

CHEMUNG, SUNDAY, AUGUST 29. At 10 o'clock this morning the troops proceed on the march in the usual order. At about 12 o'clk. our vanguard come in sight of the 24 [186] enemy's lines, thrown up by our left from the river, half a mile in extent, on a very advantageous piece of ground; the infantry beginning a slow attack on their flanks and advance parties, while Gen. Poor's brigade is sent round their left flank, to gain the enemy's rear, which he nearly completed, falling in with their flank, or rather their main body, lying off in the woods in order to cut off our rear. A very warm action ensued between about 600 chosen savages, commanded by Brant and Capt. Butler, of the Queen's rangers, and Poor's brigade, commanded by himself in person. The brigade marched on with coolness, with charged bayonets, not a gun being fired till within a short distance, when the enemy were obliged to give back, leaving their dead on the ground, amounting to about twenty. We took three prisoners. At sunset, after a complete victory, encamp near the field of action, carrying off our dead and wounded. Among the latter was Major Titcomb, Capt. Cloyes, and Lt. McCawley, and about thirty others. The killed amounted to but four or five. During the whole of the action Col. Reed's and Col. Dearborn's regiments fared the hardest. 6 miles.

NEAR NEWTON, MONDAY, AUGUST 30. This day Lieut. McCawley dies of his wounds. The whole of the army lie by and are employed in destroying the corn and vegetables at this place, which are very plenty. The wounded are sent down the river this evening to Chemung, and the remains of the dead buried. This evening the whole of the army by their voluntary consent are reduced to half allowance; half a pound of beef and flour.

NEWTON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 31. This day the army proceed on the march in the usual manner. At 2, P. M., arrive at the forks of the river; the Allegana branch keeping its former course, and the Tiego branch twining near a north-west course. Here are the principal improvements in Newton, and some good buildings of the English construction, some very large flats of intervale, and great quantities of corn, which were destroyed yesterday. Here the troops take dinner and burn the town. At 4, P. M., proceed on the march. At sunset encamp on a beautiful plain. We keep about a north-west course, following the Tiego branch. 12 miles.

PLEASANT PLAIN, WEDNESDAY, SEP 1. This morning at 9, A. M., the troops proceed on the march, the traveling continuing good, about 4 miles; then, crossing a mountain; from thence into a swamp, about 8 miles through, very thick with bushes, and exceedingly bad traveling. Not finding an agreeable spot to encamp on, traveled till 12 o'clock at night, over the most disagreeable road I ever traveled. At 12 o'clock we arrived at an Indian Town called French Catherines, deriving its name from from a French lady debauched by an Indian chief; afterwards marrying him, and made queen of the place. It is a small town, consisting of thirty houses and large fields of corn—The inhabitants leaving the town at our approach, in the greatest confusion. We take two squaws at this place, who inform us that the Indians are in the greatest confusion, not knowing what to do; that the old Indians and squaws are for making peace on any terms, but that Butler and Brandt would not let them, telling them that they would all be scalped if they attempted any thing of that nature. Here is a small river that runs due north and empties itself into Seneca Lake, the head of which comes within 4 miles of Tiego branch, which empties itself into the Susquehanna. 14 miles.

FRENCH CATHARINES, THURSDAY, SEPT. 2. This morning a small scout is sent out to reconnoitre the woods. They discover Butler and his party about eight miles off, on the opposite Side of the Lake of Seneca. The troops lie by on the ground, and are employed in destroying the crops. We leave the squaws taken prisoners yesterday, they being old and unable to do us any harm—leaving with them a sufficiency of food till we should return

FRENCH CATHARINES, FRIDAY, SEPT. 3. This morning the troops march early. In marching about 3 miles we come to the Seneca Lake, which we follow on the east side. This lake is very pleasant, being from 3 to 5 miles in width. The land ascends gradually and appears to be of the best quality. At night the troops encamp in the woods near the lake, having traveled about 12 miles. Nothing remarkable during this day.

SATURDAY, SEP. 4 This day we proceed on the march down the lake, passing by small Indian town called Appletown. During the day's march we travel over a fine level [187] tract of land, and at night encamp near the lake. Nothing remarkable this day, having traveled about 12 miles.

SUNDAY, SEP. 5. This day we continue the march as usual, the country continuing very good. At 3,P. M., come to an Indian town called Conday. Here the troops encamp for the night. This is considerable of a village, consisting of about twenty houses, which were burnt, and appears to be an ancient settlement by the number and bigness of the fruit trees. Nothing remarkable during our stay here, except taking a soldier that had left the enemy. 4 miles.

TUESDAY, SEPT. 7. This morning the troops march early, following the lake 11 miles, where we come to the outlet, which empties itself into Cayuga Lake. We cross this outlet and march along on the beach on the lower end of the lake which is very pleasant, having a prospect of the whole length, which is 42 miles. Near the end of this lake is the famous town of Kanadagago, the metropolis of the Seneca Nations. It is an old Settlement, Consisting of about 90 houses, very irregularly built, the land being much run over, to bushes. Their corn fields are planted in bye places in the woods, at considerable distance from town, and very extensive. At this place we found in one of their houses an image which I think might be worshipped without any breach of the second commandment—not having its likeness in the heavens above or in the earth beneath, &c. Here we find a young boy the savages had left, and in the evening his mother comes in, having deserted the enemy this day. She was an inhabitant of Wyoming, taken about a year ago at the capitulation of the fort at that place—her husband being killed at the battle of Wyoming. Here is a large burying place, with several large monuments raised over some of their chiefs. The enemy left this place the morning of our arrival. This town lies near 3 miles from the lake. 14 miles.

KANADAGAGO, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 8. This day the army lie by, and a detachment is sent up the lake 7 miles on the west side, to a large town cal led ____, where they find vast quantities of corn, beans, peas, and other vegetables, the town consisting of about 20 houses, which were destroyed together with the crops.

KANADAGAGO, THURSDAY, SEPT. 9. At 10 o'clock the army decamp and pursue the march for Genesee river. Steering our course about south-west through an open country, hundreds of acres together with scarcely a tree on it, and the grass as high as a man's head. We march 9 miles and encamp. Nothing remarkable this day.

FRIDAY, SEPT. 10. At 10 o'clock the troops march. We travel over a fine tract of land, supposed to be an old Indian town, the grass being higher than our heads and but few trees to be seen. At 4, P. M., come on a large pond or lake, having but one outlet, which empties into Lake Ontario. We cross the outlet, near which is a fine Indian town called Canandaigua. Their improvements are two miles from the town. The town consists of between thirty and forty buildings, some of them the best I have seen on the march, which were destroyed by fire, together with the crops. Nothing remarkable during the stay here. 8 miles.

CANANDAIGUA, SATURDAY, SEPT. 11. This morning the troops march early about a south-west point, over a country as heretofore, except being badly watered. At 4, P. M., encamp at an Indian town called Anagangoan. It is an old settlement, almost evacuated, having but about 20 houses left in the place, and the appearance but indifferent. 14 miles.

CANANDAIGUA, SUNDAY, SEPT. 12. The preceding night the weather proves rainy; and there is very severe thunder and lightning. At 1 P. M., the troops march, leaving a small garrison of 100 men and 2 pieces of small artillery, the chief of the ordnance stores, with the whole of our flour for the army, except four days' half rations, which we take on with us. We travel over a fine tract of land this afternoon. At sunset encamp near a small town called Yorkjough. 11 miles.

MONDAY, SEPT. 13. This morning the army march early and soon pass by Yorkjough, a small Indian town, consisting of about 30 buildings, evacuated this morning by the enemy. Considerable crops are growing at this place. The troops halt and refresh; likewise to repair a bridge the enemy had destroyed at their going off. Last evening Lt. [188] Boyd of the Pennsylvania line was ordered forward to make discoveries. This morning, in attempting to return to the main body, he is attacked by the savages and a severe engagement ensues. The savage party being much superior, surrounded Boyd and his party. Three only of 27 escaped. Boyd and the rest of the party were either killed or made prisoners—The latter of whom were afterwards barbarously murdered, two of whom I saw myself—Boyd, and one Parker, a sergeant in the rifle corps. Boyd's head was cut off, his ears cut off, his tongue plucked out, his right eye likewise put out, and himself stabbed in twenty places, and Parker used in the same manner. The next day 13 more were found mangled in the same manner—the most horrid sight I ever saw. At 12 o'clock the troops get under way and march over a fine tract of land, and at sunset arrive at New Genesee, a small town pleasantly situated on the north branch of the Genesee River. Here the enemy stay until our coming in sight gives us reason to expect a battle, but on our near approach they disperse without making any resistance. Here we encamp for the night. 8 miles.

TUESDAY, SEP'T. 14. This morning the troops cross the east branch, coming on to the flats called Genesee Flats,—the most beautiful flats I ever saw, being not less than 4 miles in width, and extending from right to left as far as can be seen; supposed to be 15,000 acres in one clear body. On the opposite side of this flat is the main branch of the Genesee. The two make a junction about 4 miles down the river, near which is the old town of Genesee, which is the best town I have seen. It consists of upwards of 100 houses The fields of corn are beyond account, there being not less than 700 acres in the place. The river that runs here empties into Lake Ontario, and good bottoming almost any time of year, and does not exceed 25 miles to the lake 6 miles.

GENESEE, SEPT. 15. This day the troops are employed in destroying the crops and buildings at this place. At 2, P. M., orders are issued for the march back to Tiego, and to our great joy at 3 get under way—returning by the same route we came - having fully accomplished the end of the expedition, and encamp at New Genesee.

NEW GENESEE, SEPT. 16. This morning the troops get under way, after destroying 100 acres of corn, not found on the march up. March about 5 miles and encamp at Yorkjough.

YORKJOUGH, SEP'T, 17. This day the troops make a rapid march. At 2, P. M., encamp at Annagaugaw.

SATURDAY, SEPT. 18. This day, at 11 A. M. the troops march, and at sunset encamp near New Canandaigua. Nothing remarkable this day.

SUNDAY, SEPT. 19. this morning at 9 the troops march. At sunset encamp on the old ground at Canandaigua.

MONDAY, SEPT. 20. This day a detachment is sent up to Fort Stanwix, under the command of Col. Van Chort. Another detachment is sent off this day to Tiego Lake, commanded by Col. Butler, to make excursions in to that part of the country. The troops march late in the day, cross the outlet of Seneca Lake, and encamp near its banks.

THURSDAY, SEPT. 21. This day Col. Dearborn takes the command of a detachment sent to Tiego Lake, to follow the west side, while Col. Butler and the party scour the east side. The troops proceed on their march as usual, travel about 12 miles, and encamp. Nothing remarkable this day.

WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 22. This day the troops march about 14 miles and encamp. Nothing remarkable this day.

THURSDAY, SEPT 23. This day the troops march early, nothing remarkable happening during the day. At 12 make a short halt at French Catherines, then move on about 4 miles, and encamp in the edge of the swamp.

FRIDAY, SEPT. 24. This day the troops make a rapid march through the swamp. At 4, P. M., arrive at Fort Reed.

SATURDAY, SEPT. 25. This day the troops lie by on the ground, and a feu de joie is fired on the news of the declaration of war by His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain Thirteen pieces of artillery are fired, with a running fire from right to left of the line. [189] Each brigade has a present of a fat ox. The day is closed with civil mirth. So ends the 24 hours.

SUNDAY, SEPT. 26. The troops continue on the ground this day. Nothing remarkable happens.

MONDAY, SEPT. 27. This morning a detachment of 500 men is sent up the Allegana Branch, and thirty boats, myself commanding the latter. The difficulty of getting the boats up so rapid and shoal a river prevented the party by land proceeding more than 5 miles. Where the boats landed we find some large fields of corn, with a few houses—The mountains closing nearly to the river on both sides. Here the boats are loaded with corn, beans, pumpkins, and other vegetables. At sunset I set out with my whole fleet, and at 9 arrive at Fort Reed, fatigued with my days march.

TUESDAY, SEPT. 28. The troops continue on the ground, and at 11 o'clock the detachment under Col. Butler, sent out the 20th. inst., arrives. Orders are issued for marching tomorrow morning.

WEDNESDAY, SEPT, 29. This morning at 12 o'clock the troops march from Fort Reed passing over the field of action, and at 12 arrive at Cheming, and make a short halt; from whence we march to old Chemung, about 3 miles below, and encamp, having marched about 11 miles. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

THURSDAY, SEPT. 30. This morning at 8 o'clock the troops march. At 12 arrive at Tiego, in sight of Fort Sullivan. After making a short halt, the troops march in, displaying all the honors of war and glories of victory. The fort saluted us with 13 pieces of cannon, and the compliment was returned by our corps of artillery. An elegant dinner is cooked by those left in the fort for our reception. All marks of joy appeared in the face of every soldier, having his brother messmate by the hand, appearing as happy as a prince. The day is closed with civil mirth.

TIEGO, FRIDAY, OCT. 1, and SATURDAY, Oct. 2. The troops lie by and nothing remarkable happens.

SUNDAY, OCT. 3. This day a fatigue party is employed in destroying Fort Sullivan and other fortifications at this place, and preparing the boats. A sermon is preached this day by the Rev. Dr. Evans, chaplain to the brigade, and suitable to the time.

MONDAY, OCT. 4. This day at 9 the troops leave Tiego, having demolished all the fortifications at that place, and cross the river, marching about 15 miles, and encamp. Nothing remarkable happens this day.

TUESDAY, OCT. 5. This morning the troops chiefly go on board the boats, myself going by land. I keep in front of the boats the whole of the day. At night encamp near Vandalap's desolated farms in front of the boats.

WEDNESDAY, OCT. 6. This morning at day break I move on my journey, keeping in sight of the boats the chief of the day. I travel about 30 miles and encamp near Lackawannuk.

THURSDAY, OCT. 7. This day I pursue my journey. At 8 A. M., I arrive at Lackawannuk where the boats lie by for the rear to come up. Myself and company go on to Wyoming, where we arrive at 12 o'clock. The boats soon heave in sight and are saluted from the fort with 13 pieces of cannon, and the compliment returned by our fleet.

FRIDAY, OCT. 8. and Saturday, Oct. 9. The troops lie by at this place, cleaning their arms, washing their clothes, and preparing for marching tomorrow.

SUNDAY, ()CT. 10. This day at 12 o'clock the troops get under way for Easton. Late in the evening we arrive at Bullocks desolated farm, where we encamp for the night.

MONDAY, OCT. 11. This day the troops march early, and move but slow, by reason of the bad roads. At 4, P. M., incamp near Locust Hill, having marched about 11 miles.

TUESDAY, OCT. 12. This morning the troops proceed on the march through the swamp. The latter part of the day proves rainy, and make the traveling exceedingly bad. At night encamp at Chowder Camp.

WEDNESDAY, OCT. 13. This morning the troops pursue their march. At 4, P. M., encamp at Brin coup's mills.

THURSDAY. OCT. 14. This morning the troops march at about 11, A. M., and encamp at 3, P. M., at Hiller's Tavern.

[190] FRIDAY, OCT. 15. This morning the troops march early from Hiller's Tavern at 1 P. M., arrive at Easton. From this day to the 23rd, the troops lie by at this place, where nothing remarkable happens.

SATURDAY