Pandolf IV, prince of Capua

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- http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pandolfo-iv_%28Dizionario-Biogr...

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1. PANDOLF ([986]-19/20 Feb 1049[1616]). "Paldofus, filius Pandolfi, princeps dolosus et improbus" succeeded his father in 1014 as PANDOLF IV Prince of Capua[1617]. According to the Catalogus Principum Capuæ, "Pandulfo IV filio Paldulfi de sancta Agata" ruled jointly with "Pandulfus III eius filius [=Landolfus de sancta Agata]"[1618]. Amatus recounts that Emperor Heinrich II ordered "the warlike Archbishop of Cologne to seize the Prince of Capua" and that "Prince Pandulf of Capua was sentenced to death, but…released from this sentence…[before being] taken across the Alps bound with chains about his neck"[1619]. He was released after the intervention of his sister's husband Guaimar [III] Prince of Salerno who captured Capua and drove Pandolf from the principality[1620]. The Annales Casinenses record that "Pandulfus princeps" besieged Capua for a year in 1025 after "being freed from chains" before recovering the town, and that in 1027 he entered and occupied Naples[1621]. Amatus records that Pandolf deposed Theobald abbot of Montecassino, imposed his own candidate as abbot, and expelled a tenth of the monks[1622]. Pandolf was installed as Duke of Gaeta in 1036, but was replaced by Guaimar Prince of Salerno in 1038. When Emperor Konrad II came to Italy to help Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno, Pandolf sought refuge in his fortress of Sant'Agata. He sent his wife and son Pandolf to make peace with Emperor Konrad. He went to Constantinople to seek help from the Emperor but was seized and sent into exile[1623]. Pandolf was restored as Prince of Capua by Emperor Heinrich III in 1047 after Guaimar Prince of Salerno was temporarily expelled[1624]. Amatus states that, at first, Robert "Guiscard" joined "Pandulf" [Pandulf IV Prince of Capua], who promised him his daughter in marriage[1625].

m MARIA, daughter of --- (-after 1038). The "princes Pandulf II et Pandulf IV fratres…Mariam principissam…conjugem et cognatam nostram" issued a charter dated 6 Mar 1017, signed by "Paldofli…principis…Paldolfi adolescentis principis"[1626]. Stasser suggests that Maria must have been the wife of the first named and "cognata" of the second named[1627]. The Annales Altahenses Maiores record that "Pandulfi ducis uxor cum filio suo et filia" were sent by Prince Pandolf to make peace with Emperor Konrad II in 1038, and that "filius eius" who had been given as a hostage escaped but that "soror eius" remained[1628]. Prince Pandolf & his wife had four children: