Richard de la Pole, 5th Earl of Suffolk

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Richard de la Pole

Richard de la Pole (died 24 February 1525) was a pretender to the English crown. Commonly nicknamed White Rose, he was the last member of the House of York to actively and openly seek the crown of England. He lived in exile after many of his relatives were executed; here he became allied with Louis XII of France in the War of the League of Cambrai, who saw him as a more favourable ally and prospect for an English king than Henry VIII.

During 1514, the stage was set for a Yorkist reclaiming of England under Richard. He was in Brittany with 12,000 mercenaries set for the invasion, leading his army to St. Malo; however France and England made peace just as they were about to embark and as thus it was called off. Later, with Francis I as king, Richard struck up an alliance in 1523 and planned a Yorkist invasion and reclaiming of England once again. However this never came to light as Richard died fighting alongside Francis I at the Battle of Pavia two years later.

He was the fifth son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and his wife Elizabeth of York. His mother was the second surviving daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville. She was also a younger sister to Edward IV of England and Edmund, Earl of Rutland as well as an older sister to Margaret of York, George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Richard III of England. His ancestor was Owen de la Pole who was the last claimant to the throne of Powys Wenwynwyn a 13th Century Welsh princely state.

His paternal grandparents were William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk and Alice Chaucer. Suffolk was an important English soldier and commander in the Hundred Years' War, and later Lord Chamberlain of England. He also appears prominently in William Shakespeare's Henry VI, part 1 and Henry VI, part 2.

Alice Chaucer was a daughter of Thomas Chaucer and Maud Burghersh. Thomas was the Speaker of the English House of Commons on three occasions, Chief Butler of England for almost thirty years, attended fifteen parliaments and was Speaker of the House five times, a feat not surpassed until the 18th century.

Thomas was a son of Geoffrey Chaucer and his wife Philippa (de) Roet. Geoffrey was an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat (courtier), and diplomat. He is sometimes called the father of English literature. Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales. He is also credited by some scholars with being the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language, rather than French or Latin.

His eldest brother John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln (c. 1464-1487), was named heir to the throne by his maternal uncle, Richard III of England, who gave him a pension and the reversion of the estates of Lady Margaret Beaufort. However, on the accession of Henry VII following the Battle of Bosworth Field, Lincoln took the oath of allegiance instead of claiming the throne for himself.

In 1487, Lincoln joined the rebellion of Lambert Simnel, and was killed at the Battle of Stoke. The second brother, Edmund (c. 1472-1513), succeeded his father while still in his minority. His estates suffered under the attainder of his brother, and he was compelled to pay large sums to Henry VII for the recovery of part of the forfeited lands, and also to exchange his title of duke for that of earl. In 1501 he sought out Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, in Tyrol and received from him a promise of substantial assistance in case of an attempt on the English crown.

In consequence of these treasonable proceedings Henry VII seized Edmund's brother William de la Pole, with four other Yorkist noblemen. Two of them, Sir James Tyrrell and Sir John Wyndham, were executed; William de la Pole was imprisoned; and Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, was outlawed. Then in July 1502 Henry VII concluded a treaty with Maximilian by which the Emperor bound himself not to countenance English rebels. Presently Suffolk fell into the hands of Philip I of Castile, who imprisoned him at Namur and in 1506 surrendered him to Henry VII, on condition that his life was spared. He remained a prisoner until 1513, when he was beheaded by Henry VIII at the time his brother Richard took up arms with the French king.

Richard de la Pole joined Edmund abroad in 1504, and remained at Aix-la-Chapelle as surety for his elder brother's debts. The creditors threatened to surrender him to Henry VII, but, more fortunate than his brother, he found a safe refuge at Buda with King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary.

He was excluded from the general pardon proclaimed at the accession of Henry VIII, and when Louis XII of France went to war with the Kingdom of England in 1512, he recognized Edmund's pretensions to the English crown and gave Richard a command in the French army. In 1513, after the execution of Edmund, he assumed the title of Earl of Suffolk. In 1514 he was given 12,000 German mercenaries ostensibly for the defence of Brittany, but really for an invasion of England. These he led to St. Malo, but the conclusion of peace with England prevented their embarcation. Richard was required to leave France, and he established himself at Metz, in Lorraine, and built a palace at La Haute Pierre, near St. Simphorien.

While at Metz, he was visited by Pierre Alamire, the German-Netherlandish composer and music copyist, who was a spy for Henry VIII. However, Richard employed Alamire as a counter-spy against Henry, and Alamire, on being suspected of unreliability by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and Henry VIII, never returned to England.

Richard de la Pole had numerous interviews with King Francis I of France, and in 1523 he was permitted, in concert with John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, the Scottish regent, to arrange an invasion of England, which was never carried out.

He was with Francis I at the Battle of Pavia on 24 February 1525, where he was killed.[1] In a picture of the battle, preserved at the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, his lifeless body is represented in the thick of the combat with the inscription Le Duc de Susfoc dit Blance Rose (The Duke of Suffolk, known as White Rose).

Charles III, Duke of Bourbon his enemy had him magnificently buried in the church of Augustinians in Pavia.

Richard de la Pole was never known to have married, but he is known to have had a daughter by a mistress.[2] It has been suggested that she may have been Marie of Sicily.[3]

• *Marguerite de la Pole who was lady of honour to Marguerite of Angoulême, Queen of Navarre.[3] On 21 May 1539, Marguerite de la Pole signed a marriage contract to Sibeud de Tivoley, seigneur de Brenieu, in the presence of the Queen and her kinsman Gabriel, Marquis of Saluzzo.[3] Tivoley was esquire ordinaire of Queen Eleanore of Austria.[3] Tivoley was still living in 1547, but died before 1568.[3]

Marguerite and her husband had three sons and five daughters:[3]

• Jean, Seigneur of Brenieu in Vivarais.[3]
• Pierre, became a priest and Canon of Saint Denis.[3]
• Claude, who also became a priest and Canon of Évry.[3]
• Catherine, wife of Gilbert de Colomb.[3]
• Eleanore, wife of Jean de Secondat de Montesquieu, seigneur of Roques.[3]
• Marguerite, wife of Claude d'Orgeoise, seigneur of Montferrier.[3]
• Louise, wife of Jean de Montchenu.[3]
• Sebastienne, wife of Andre Berenger du Gua.[3]

Marguerite de la Pole's will was dated 1599.[3]

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_la_Pole

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• Richard (White Rose) de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, Earl of Lincoln1,2,3
• M, #55089, d. 24 February 1525
• Father Sir John de la Pole, 2nd Duke & Marquess & 5th Earl of Suffolk, Constable of Wallingford Castle, High Steward of Oxford University1,4,5 b. 27 Sep 1442, d. c 24 Jul 1492
• Mother Elizabeth Plantagenet4,5 b. 22 Apr 1444, d. 16 Nov 1503
• Richard (White Rose) de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, Earl of Lincoln died on 24 February 1525 at Battle of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardy, Italy; Died unmarried. Buried in the Augustinian Proiry of Pavia. By a mistress (allegedly Marie of Sicily), he had a daughter Marguerite, wife of Sibeud, de Thivoley, Seigneur de Brenieu in Vivarais & La Motte-Galaure in Dauphiné. Marguerite & Sibeud had 3 sons (Jean, Seigneur de Brénieu-en-Vivarais; Pierre, Canon of St. Denis; & Claude, Canon of Evry) & 5 daughters (Catherine, wife of Gilbert de Colomb; Eleonore, wife of Jean de Secondat de Montesquieu, Seigneur de Roques; Marguerite, wife of Claude d'Orgeoise, Seigneur de Montferrier; Louise, wife of Jean de Montchenu; & Sébastienne, wife of André Berenger du Gua).1,2,6
• Citations
• [S11575] The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, by Gerald Paget, Vol. I, p. 25.
• [S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. II, p. 52.
• [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. II, p. 428.
• [S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. II, p. 48-49.
• [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. II, p. 424-425.
• [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. II, p. 428-429.
• From: http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p1833.htm#... __________________
• Richard de la Pole1
• M, #107572, d. 24 February 1525
• Last Edited=22 May 2004
• Consanguinity Index=0.36%
• Richard de la Pole was the son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and Elizabeth Plantagenet.1 He died on 24 February 1525 at Pavia, Italy.
• He was styled as Duke of Suffolk self-styled. Richard de la Pole also went by the nick-name of 'White Rose'. In August 1501 he fled abroad. He fought in the Battle of Pavia in 1525.1
• Citations
• [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 135. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.
• From: http://www.thepeerage.com/p10758.htm#i107572 ___________________________
• Richard De La POLE (5º E. Suffolk)
• Died: 24 Feb 1524/5, battle of Pavia, Duchy of Milan
• Buried: St. Augustine, Pavia, Duchy of Milan
• Notes: See his Biography.
• Father: John De La POLE (2° D. Suffolk)
• Mother: Elizabeth PLANTAGENET (D. Suffolk)
• Asociated with: ¿?
• Children:
  • 1. Marguerite De La POLE
• From: http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/DeLaPOLE.htm#Richard De La POLE (5º E. Suffolk)
• Fifth son of John De La Pole, 2nd duke of Suffolk (1442-1491), and Elizabeth Plantagenet, second daughter of Richard, duke of York, and Cecily Neville. She was also a younger sister of Edward IV. His eldest brother John De La Pole, Earl of Lincoln (c. 1464-1487), is said to have been named heir to the throne by his uncle Richard III, who gave him a pension and the reversion of the estates of Margaret Beaufort. On the accession of Henry VII, however, Lincoln took the oath of allegiance instead of claiming the throne for himself, but in 1487 he joined the rebellion of Lambert Simnel, and was killed at the battle of Stoke.
• The second brother Edmund (c. 1472-1513), succeeded his father as third Duke of Suffolk while still in his minority. His estates suffered under the attainder of his brother, and he was compelled to pay large sums to Henry VII for the recovery of part of the forfeited lands, and also to exchange his title of duke for that of earl. In 1501 he sought Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Tirol, and received from him a promise of substantial assistance in case of an attempt on the English crown. In consequence of these treasonable proceedings Henry seized his brother William De La Pole, with four other Yorkist noblemen. Two of them, Sir James Tyrell and Sir John Wyndham, were executed, William De La Pole was imprisoned and Suffolk outlawed. Then in Jul 1502 Henry concluded a treaty with Maximilian by which the king bound himself not to countenance English rebels. Presently Suffolk fell into the hands of Philip, King of Castile, who imprisoned him at Namur, and in 1506 surrendered him to Henry VII on condition that his life was spared. He remained a prisoner until 1513, when he was beheaded at the time his brother Richard took up arms with the French king.
• Richard De La Pole joined Edmund abroad in 1504, and remained at Aix-la-Chapelle as surety for his elder brother's debts. The creditors threatened to surrender him to Henry VII, but, more fortunate than his brother, he found a safe refuge at Buda with King Ladislas VI of Hungary. He was excepted from the general pardon proclaimed at the accession of Henry VIII. He became allied with Louis XII of France in the War of the League of Cambrai. Louis XII saw him as a more favourable ally and prospect for an English king than Henry VIII and when France went to war with England in 1512 he recognized Pole's pretensions to the English crown, and gave him a command in the French army. In 1513, after the execution of Edmund, he assumed the title of earl of Suffolk.
• During 1514, the stage was set for a Yorkist reclaiming of England under Richard. In 1514 he was given 12,000 German mercenaries ostensibly for the defence of Brittany, but really for an invasion of England. These he led to St Malo, but the conclusion of peace with England prevented their embarcation. Pole was required to leave France, and he established himself at Metz, in Lorraine, and built a palace at La Haute Pierre, near St Simphorien.
• While at Metz, he was visited by Pierre Alamire, the German-Netherlandish composer and music copyist, as a spy for Henry VIII. However De La Pole employed Alamire as a counter-spy against Henry, and Alamire, on being suspected of unreliability by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and Henry, never returned to England.
• He had numerous interviews with Francois I, and in 1523 he was permitted, in concert with John Stewart, second Duke of Albany, the Scottish regent, to arrange an invasion of England, which was never carried out. He was with Francois I at Pavia and was killed on the field on 24 of Feb 1525.
• Richard de la Pole was never known to have married, but he is known to have had a daughter by a mistress whose name is unknown. His daughter, Marguerite De La Pole, was lady of honour of the Queen of Navarre.
• From: http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/RichardDeLaPole(5ESuffolk).htm ________________________
• Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 46
• Pole, Richard de la by James Gairdner
• POLE, RICHARD de la (d. 1525), pretender to the crown, younger brother of Edmund Pole [q. v.] and of John Pole [q. v.], was fifth son of John, second duke of Suffolk [q. v.] Two other brothers, Humphrey and Edward, who were older than himself, took orders in the church, the latter becoming archdeacon of Richmond. In 1501 Richard escaped abroad with his brother Edmund. French writers, who apparently have confounded him with Perkin Warbeck, erroneously state that he entered the service of Charles VIII of France as early as 1492, the year in which Henry VII besieged Boulogne; that Henry, on the conclusion of peace, demanded his surrender; and that, though this was refused, he was compelled to quit France (Duchesne, Hist. d'Angleterre, p. 975, 2nd edit.). Others say, equally falsely, that King Charles gave him a pension of seven thousand écus. In the parliament which met in January 1504 he was attainted, along with Edmund and another brother, William. He is called in the act ‘Richard Pole, late of Wingfield in the county of Suffolk, squire,’ while his brother is designated William Pole of Wingfield, knight (Rolls of Parl. vi. 545).
• In March 1504 he joined his brother Edmund at Aix-la-Chapelle, and was left there by Edmund as a hostage or security for the payment of Edmund's debts in the town. The latter's creditors, unable to obtain payment, rendered Richard's life unbearable, and threatened to deliver him up to Henry VII. Richard, however, managed to attract the sympathy of the munificent Erard de la Marck, bishop of Liège, who contrived to get him out of his perilous situation, and he arrived somewhat later in the year at Buda in Hungary. Henry VII sent ambassadors to Ladislaus VI to demand his surrender, but that king not only refused to deliver him, but gave him a pension (Cal. Venetian, vol. i. No. 889, and Cal. Henry VIII, vol. ii. No. 1163 II; cf. Ellis, Letters, 3rd ser. i. 141).
• In 1509 Richard, like his two brothers Edmund and William, who were then in the Tower, was excepted from the general pardon granted at the accession of Henry VIII, and in 1512, when England and France were at war, Louis XII recognised him as king of England, giving him a pension of six thousand crowns. Towards the close of that year he commanded a body of German landsknechts in the unsuccessful invasion of Navarre, during which his company sustained more severe losses than any other. In this campaign he and the Chevalier Bayard were warm friends, and suffered great privations together (‘Chronique de Bayard,’ p. 102, in Buchon). In the spring of 1513, when his brother Edmund was put to death in England, he assumed the title of Duke of Suffolk, and became an avowed claimant of the crown of England. Though his pretensions were not formidable, discharged soldiers of the garrison of Tournay (then in English hands) threatened to join him (Cal. Henry VIII, vol. ii. Nos. 325–6). It was reported, too, in Spain that he had been given the command of a French fleet. Later in the year he led a company of six thousand men against the English at the siege of Thérouanne. In 1514 Louis gave him twelve thousand landsknechts ‘to keep Normandy, and also to enter into England and to conquer the same’ (Hall, Chronicle, p. 568, ed. Ellis). He conducted them to St. Malo in Brittany, to embark, it was supposed, for Scotland. Their behaviour in France had been so riotous that the people were glad to get rid of them. But peace was concluded with England before their departure. Henry VIII had insisted on Richard's surrender. To that Louis would not consent, but he desired Richard to leave France, and gave him letters to the municipal authorities of Metz in Lorraine (an imperial city), requesting them to give him a good reception. He entered Metz on 2 Sept. 1514, with a company of sixty horsemen and a guard of honour given him by the Duke of Lorraine. The town gave him a present of wine and oats for his horses, with a temporary safe-conduct renewable at convenience.
• When Louis XII died (1 Jan. 1515), Francis I continued Pole's allowance, and he remained for some years at Metz. English ambassadors organised conspiracies for his capture. In February 1516 an Englishman who had been arrested confessed that he had been sent by Henry VIII to kill him. During a visit to Francis I at Lyons in March he obtained, it would seem, a distinct promise from the French king to support his title to the crown of England at a convenient opportunity (Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, Nos. 1711, 1973, 2113). In the summer he paid a visit to Robert de la Marck at Florange. On Christmas day he again left Metz secretly, along with the Duke of Gueldres, who had come thither in disguise. Proceeding to Paris, he visited the French king by night. He returned to Metz on 17 Feb. 1516–17. Spies employed by England tried hard to discover his plans. Between June and August, accompanied by several young gentlemen of Metz, he paid visits to Milan and Venice.
• Early in 1518 there were rumours that Francis I was about to send him into England to dispute Henry's title to the throne. But between 8 May and 24 Oct. he spent most of his time in Lombardy. Although peace was made between England and France on 2 Oct., it was reported to Wolsey that Francis favoured ‘White Rose,’ as Pole was called, more than ever, and had augmented his stipend.
• Pole had hitherto resided in Metz in a fine pleasure-house named Passe Temps, which a chevalier named Claude Baudoiche had lent him. In February 1519 the owner desired to resume possession. Thereupon the chapter of Metz gave him for life a mansion called La Haulte-Pierre, near St. Simphorien, at a low rent on his undertaking to rebuild it. This he did in magnificent style. His tastes were luxurious, and he initiated horse-racing at Metz; but after losing money in the pastime he gave it up.
• After the death of the Emperor Maximilian, in January 1519, Francis I sent Pole to Prague to influence Louis, the young king of Bohemia, and his tutor Sigismund, king of Portugal, in favour of his candidature for the imperial crown (Colbert MS. 385 in Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris). In September some disturbances caused by an intrigue which he had carried on with a citizen's wife led him to leave Metz for Toul, whither his paramour escaped after him. There he remained during the next three years—in the house of the cardinal of Lorraine. His company of landsknechts was dismissed.
• In 1522, when England and France were again at war, Francis contemplated sending Pole to invade England. At the close of 1522 he was in Paris with Francis, and frequently rode through the streets. The French king showed like courtesies to John Stewart, duke of Albany [q. v.], the regent of Scotland, who was arranging an attack on England from the north. In 1523 Pole and Albany went to Brittany to make preparations for a joint invasion of England. They left the French coast together, and Albany reached Scotland at the end of September, when he announced that he had parted at sea on Monday (21 Sept.) with his ‘cousin, the Duke of Suffolk,’ who was about to carry out an invasion of England. Nothing further is recorded of Pole's movements, and the invasion did not take place.
• In the spring of 1524 he served in the campaign in Picardy, and writing to Louise of Savoy, the mother of Francis I, from the camp near Thérouanne, he declared that all he had in the world was owing to her. On 24 Feb. 1525 he was killed, fighting by the French king's side, at the battle of Pavia. In a picture of the battle, preserved at the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, his lifeless body is represented in the thick of the combat with the inscription ‘Le Duc de Susfoc dit Blance Rose.’ When the news of his death reached Metz, the cathedral chapter ordered an anniversary celebration for his soul. [Hall's Chronicle; Dugdale's Baronage; Sandford's Genealogical History; Napier's Swyncombe and Ewelme; Letters and Papers of Richard III and Henry VII (Rolls Ser.); Ellis's Letters, 3rd ser. vol. i.; Calendars, Venetian, vols. i. and ii., Henry VIII, vols. i–iv.; Busch's England unter den Tudors, vol. i.; Journal of Philippe de Vigneulles, in Bibliothek des literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart, vol. xxiv. A pamphlet by F. des Robert (Un pensionnaire des Rois de France à Metz), published at Nancy in 1878, is full of inaccuracies, but of some value in local matters.]
• From: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Pole,_Richard_de_la_(DNB00) ______________
• Richard de la Pole
• Birth: unknown, England
• Death: Feb. 24, 1525, Italy
• Titular Duke of Suffolk and Earl of Lincoln. Nicknamed the "White Rose." Richard's outstanding quality was his gallantry as a soldier.
• Son of Sir John de la Pole and his second wife, Elizabeth Plantagenet. Grandson of Sir William de la Pole and Alice Chaucer, Sir Richard Plantagenet and Cecily de Neville. Richard was born before 1500.
• In 1501, his family was under suspicion of conspiracy and treason, Richard and his older brother, Edmund, fled abroad. In Calais, they ran into Sir James Tyrrell, the husband of a relative, Anne Arundel, who was eventually arrested in 1502, tired and executed 06 May as their accomplice. The brothers then proceeded to the court of their aunt, Margaret, the Duchess of Burgundy. The Emperor Maximilian would not give them any support due to the Treaty of Augsberg, but allowed them to settle in Aix-la-Chapelle until Richard was formally attainted by King Henry VII in 1504. From there, Richard went to Hungary, where King Ladislaus allowed him a pension, then to the services of King Louis XII of France who granted Richard a pension of 6,000 crowns. Richard commanded a band of German mercenaries in an unsuccessful invasion of Navarre in 1512, led troops against the English at the Siege of Therouanne in 1513, and led 12,000 men in Normandy to prepare against the English in 1514.
• England and France finally made peace, sealed with the marriage between King Henry VIII's sister, Mary, to King Louis XII, who gave Richard letters of safe conduct. Richard secretly visited the new king, Francois, at Paris, traveled through Venice and Milan, Bohemia, and settled again in Metz in 1519, living in a magnificent rented mansion with his pensions, and introduced horse racing to Metz. The life there ended when he seduced the wife of a local goldsmith, creating a public scandal, and he removed to Toul until 1522.
• When England and France resumed their wars, Richard backed King Francois, accompanying John Stuart, the Duke of Albany to Brittany to prepare for an English invasion. They went their separate ways 21 Sept 1523, Richard off to Switzerland to recruit mercenaries, and joined up again at the Siege of Marseilles. Richard as with King Francois at the Battle of Pavia, where Richard was slain, and buried at the Augustine Priory at Pavia.
• Richard produced an illegitimate daughter, Marguerite, possibly with the goldsmith's wife, Madame Sebille, who would marry Sibeud de Brenieu, and become a lady of honour to the Queen of Navarre.
• Family links:
• Parents:
• John de la Pole (1442 - 1492)
• Elizabeth Plantagenet of York De la Pole (1444 - 1503)
• Sibling:
• Richard de la Pole (____ - 1525)
• Edmund de la Pole (1471 - 1513)*
• Burial: Basilica di San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, Pavia, Provincia di Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
• Find A Grave Memorial# 109841574
• From: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=109841574 _________________