Sir William Garraway

William Garwar/Garroway ,was born 136/1537 and died age 88.

He was the son of John Garway/Garroway and Ursula Bridges. , od london.

Occ. citizen draper of London

married Elizabeth Anderson, by lic. 7 January 1571/1572.

Elizabeth married second Walter Garway.

Find a Grave

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=106618989

• Birth: 1537 London Greater London, England
• Death: Sep. 26, 1625 London Greater London, England

"Knight, Citizen and Draper of London, son of John Garraway, Mercer of London and Ursula Bridges, daughter of John.
Husband of Elizabeth Anderson, daughter of Thomas Anderson and Katherine Hopton. They were married by licence dated 07 Jan 1572 and had eleven son and six daughters; Francis, Robert, Henry, William, Thomas, Bartholomew, Nathaniel, Nathaniel 2, Michael, Arthur, Jonas, Katherine, Jane (wife of William Elkington), Elizabeth, Elizabeth 2, Fortune (wife of Edward Blount and John Wright), and Alice."

http://garraway.familytreeguide.com/getperson.php?personID=I0116&tr...

Extracted from the above

Newcourt's Repertorium (London 1708) contains a history of the parish of St. Peter Le Poer which mentions that the church was enlarged in 1615 at the sole cost of Sir William Garway who was interred in a large vault under a fair monument with a large inscription. Details of the inscription are given in Stow's Survey of London.

TRANSCRIPT OF INSCRIPTION ON GARRAWAY MEMORIAL

ST. PETER - LE - POER BROAD STREET LONDON

Nic Vivit Gulielmus Garway, Eques Auratus, Civis Londinentis, qui Annos egit 54. cum Elizabetha Uxore integerrima, Filia Thomae Anderson, Civis etiam Londinensis, beatitudine Lecti fructifera. Pater erat 17. liberorum, ilustre prolitatis & pietatis exempla, Industria. Singulari, Universalem exercitarit Mercaturam. Feliciter magis quam avare, bis ad Senatoriam digritatem Vocatus: quipirpurim necusavit, nunc triumphat in Allus. Templi Sinistram construxisset, placide corpus Sou operi, Animam Suo opisici reposuit.

Anno Aetat. Suae 88 Domini 1625 Sept 26

Templa Dei. interris duo Sunt, Ecclesia, Corpus Una Domus carnis, Cultus Domus altera, & Amlio. Conveniunt tumulo, parvo coeuntq; Sacello.

Non queras igitur cineres sub cespite, Lctor, Est templum in templo clausum, non ossa Sepulchro, Marmore Sublato, Subfellia, parta, culumnae, Ala haec & Paries, Spacium totum, atq ; Senessrae Omnia Structorem monstrant, resonaitq; patronu. Sic tenet immortalem, & mortalem locu idem Conditur in templo quod conditit, & monumentim Hoc unum vitae & mortis Commune relinquit.

Information Supplied by The Drapers Company

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Number: 1065 Indicator and date: A/ / /1555

Name : Garway, Sir William

Subject

William Garway was apprenticed to Francis Barneham in 1555 [ Wardens Accounts]

• 1572 Sep 22 elected Master Bachillor [M.b.8]
• 1573 Apl 8 Elected into Livery [M.B.8]
• 1583 - 1604 on Court of Assistants
• Apprentices: 1572 freed Stephen Barnham
• 1585 freed Francis Cavell
• 1588 freed Thomas Whitehead
• 1603 Richard Brisbord
• 1583 Junior Warden
• 1592 Second Master Warden
• 1594 & 1599 Master
• 1615 July 16 Knighted at Theobalds Inn
• 1598 Contributed £25 towards loan to the Queen
• Chief Farmer of the Customs

Member of the East Indies and Levant Companies. He was an original subscriber, but not an incorporator, to the Virginia Company, in 1609; and an original member of the Somers Island Company [Johnson 1V p86]

Fourth son of John Garway, Citizen and Mercer, and Elizabeth Bridges (daughter of Sir John Bruges, Lord Mayor 1520-1). His father had been Farmer of the Customs and laid the foundations of the family fortune, some of which was invested in real estate; he purchased Ford Manor in 1612.

1571 7 February / 20 February married Elizabeth Anderson, daughter of Thomas Anderson grocer and Catherine Hopton (who was wife of his brother Walter Garway following the death of her first husband Thomas Anderson) at St. Mary Coleman by Bishop of London Marriage Licence.

For part of his life the family home in London was a house, called the Gate House, in Throgmorton Street. It was built on land owned by The Drapers Company which was leased to William Garraway in March 1619. The original lease can be seen at the Drapers Company. The lease contains William signature and his seal.

There is also a second lease leasing the land to his son Henry Garraway who had a longer lease granted to him after he said he was going to rebuild the house. See the Henry Garraway notes for further information.

The actual site is easily identified, sometime during the last century the house was demolished and the present avenue formed. There are now ornamental iron gates with the Drapers Company coat of arms on them, the avenue is called Throgmorton Avenue.

1625 September 26 died aged 88; buried at St Peter le Poer; will proved 1626 - PCC 5 Hale

1636 December 12 wife died and buried at St Peter le Poer - had 17 children

The will of Elizabeth Garraway included giving the Drapers Company a large silver bowl. The silver bowl is still owned by the Drapers Company and can be seen at their Hall.

(St. Peter le Poer demolished in 1906, the remains contained in the Garraway/ Garway vault were reinterred, along with all other buried at the church, at the City of London Cemetery Little Ilford Essex over which there is a substantial monument. A church was built in Frein Barnet North London in 1907 paid for from the money raised in selling the site in Broad Street and which was called St Peter Le Poer, a number of items of furnishings from the original church were installed in the new church including some silver plate from 1596, plate which almost certainly was handled by Sir William Garraway and his family (it may even have been donated by them)

See: Visitation of London 1634 I p304 & Visitation of Herts, p109

Hakluyt Society CXI (1959) p338 [English Privateering Voyages : K.R.Andrews]

William Garway was part owner of 'Royal Defence', 'Royal Exchange', 'Merchant Royal' and 'Rose Lion'. In 1594, when Master he was associated with Thomas Cordell (Mercer), Thomas Myddelton (Grocer) and Nicholas Farrier (? Grocer), in the privateering voyage of the ' Rose Lion' .

William Garraway had a 400 ton ship called the 'Ascension' built for him in 1597 the ship was used for privateering and trade. The ship also played a major part in the defeat of the Spanish Armada off the coast of Calais. Other ships owned or part owned by William Garraway that played a part in the defeat of the Armada included 'Royal Defence', 'Rose Lion'.

The 'Ascension' Was the first English ship to break the stranglehold the Portuguese had over trade to the far east because of their base at the Cape of Good Hope, the 'Ascension' took on the Portuguese ships and defeated them. William Garraway became one of the foremost merchants in London. As a young man he would have known a vigorous and influential company of Elizabethan traders, his Father John Garway was one of them. However in his old age he stood among a great community of traders whose wealth could only have been dreamt of by their predecessors. The wealth was so great that for the first time in English history the London merchants played a vital role in sphere of state finance.

There is always much talk in todays world about corrupt practices in the third world and Arab countries. There are some who say that for any country to develop economically corruption is a necessary evil. It can certainly be shown that such corrupt practices were very much the norm in early Stuart England and William Garraway was one of those most involved in corruption.

In 1604 King James granted to a group of merchants led by Sir William Garraway and Francis Jones who formed a syndicate to farm the Kings customs, it was known as the Great Farm for it was a much larger farm than had previously been put together. The farm included Thomas Sackville, the Earl of Dorset, Robert Cecil, the Earl of Salisbury, John Wolstonholme, Nicholas Salter.

All were amongst the wealthiest men in England they were all part of the London Merchants scene prominent in all the international trading companies, The Levant, the East India, the Greenland and the Russian Companies. They paid the King and bribed the the King's officials and favourites substantial sums to obtain the concession. They had such a hold that despite the King being offered greater sums by other merchants they were still in control into the 1640's. By this time Sir Henry Garraway the son of Sir William was Chief Custom Farmer and had grown the family wealth even higher.

In the absence of any financial institutions these custom farmers became the leading source of loans to the Crown

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The following extracted from Victoria History Surrey:-

The Manor of Hartswood (parish of Sidlow Bridges Surrey) bought in 1620 and sold 1632

The Manor of Bures or Beeres. Sold to Sir W.Garway 1620 in 1622 it was sold to Nicholas Charrington and still remains in Charrington hands.

Hundred of Godley which includes Egham, Thorpe, Chertsey, Byfleet, Pyrford, Horsell, Bisley, Chobham, Ash. Was bought by Sir W. Garway 1609 sold in 1611. ___________________________________________________________

The following extracted from the Victoria history for Berkshire:-

Manor of Ives. Sir William bought the manor in 1617 his son William sold the manor in 1649 to John Whitfield

Owned by George Salter, John Williams granted by James 1

Old Anker Hall and New Anker Hall White Waltham

The Rectory and advowson together with two Messuage Conveyed to Sir William Garway 1619.

The advowson went to Richard Hale until 1621 - son William - 2nd Son Rowland who married Elizabeth Garway ancestors to Viscount Melbourne Prime Minister 1834 - 1841 ______________________________________________________________

The following extracted from the Victoria History for Middlesex:

Acton House which was used as a summer retreat by the Garway family belonged in 1624 to Sir William Garraway, brother of John, (fl. 1569). (See Goldsmiths Hall Acton Estate MS. B111.i, no.8) Sir Williams widow Elizabeth died in 1636 seised of a freehold house, occupied by Sir Henry Jernegan, which passed to her son Sir Henry Garraway who rebuilt the house in 1638 (1) he died (.1646), lord mayor of London 1639/40. The House and 40 acres of land had passed by 1649 to Matthew Herbert, by 1653 to Maj. Gen. Philip Skippon. In 1664 it had 16 hearths (2) and was demolished in 1904. (3)

(1) Lysons Environs, ii.15 (2) MRO, MR/TH/3; PRO E 179/252/32

(3) Rowland, Street Names, 1. ______________________________________________________________

WILLIAM GARWAY HIS TRADING AND PRIVATEERING OPERATIONS

William Garway owned and had interests in a number of ships which were principally used for normal trade. However the ships were also used for Privateering and in 1588 the final battle against the Spanish Armada in the English Channel, The turning point which spelled the death knell for Spanish domination of the seas and the end of Spain as a World power, and the birth of the British Navy as the dominating power on the high seas for the next 330 years. . Privateering was a form of legal private warfare at sea, in which individuals who possessed suitable ships took the opportunity offered by a war to plunder enemy commerce. During the Elizabethan war with Spain it was closely connected with trade, had a stimulating effect on oceanic commerce, and at that time was the main form of English maritime warfare.

Privateering became legal, was very profitable especially for the big London Merchants, of which William Garway was one, and played a major part in the expansion of overseas trade and overseas possessions.

The biggest ship William Garway had built , in 1595, was the Ascension, it was a 400 ton Great ship. A Great ship was an armed merchant ship which supplemented Galleons in battle, a Great ship was normally over 300 tons. The most formidable Elizabethan - period Great ships were those of the Levantine Company, of which Sir William Garway was a senior member, armed with culverins and demi - cannons. These English ships were built for speed and maneuverability for fighting Mediterranean Corsairs.

The Ascension was used as the model on which formulas were devised by James Baker, Master Shipwright to Queen Elizabeth 1, to measure ships and calculate tonnage accurately. These formulas were used for 200 years.

The Ascension was the first English ship to break the stranglehold the Portuguese had on the Cape of Good Hope and the sea lanes to India and the Far East. Thus opening up the English trade to India, the outcome of which was the colonization of India, the jewel in the crown of the British Empire.

In 1609 the Ascension had been dispatched from England to assist William Hawkins, a representative of the East India Company trying to persuade the Mohgul of India to allow the English to establish trade links. These efforts were being hampered by the Portuguese who saw the trade in the far east as theirs. Unfortunately in September 1609 the Ascension was wrecked in the Gulf of Cambay, while the crew, escaping to land, created a bad impression by their disorder.

Other ships owned or part owned by Sir William Garway which were used in privateering ventures include, Merchant Royal, Royal Defence, Red Lion and Rose Lion.

The total value of goods plundered was around £25,000, today's value would be in excess of £3,000,000. The cost of the Ascension was £2,000, fitting it out for a 6 month voyage to the West Indies, would have been in the region of £1,400 including wages and food for 175 men.

During the confrontation with the Armada in the English Channel the Ascension, Merchant Royal and the Royal Defence played significant parts in various running battles, with the Merchant Royal being part of the major battle off Calais. The little Rose Lion was used to dash up and down the English Channel ferrying stores to the fighting ships. Feb 1601 A fleet of 4 ships sailed for India included the Red Dragon, The Hector, the Susan and the Ascension. The Ascension carried a crew of 100 men, the fleet as a whole carried 480 men of these 105 died before they reached the Cape. The rest were so weak that they had to be assisted to sail into Table Bay, then known as Saldania.

Whilst the fleet was being re provisioned and a small 18 ton pinnace was being built, several men died including the Captain of the Ascension Captain Brand and his Boatswains Mate, both men were shot accidently when the gunner of the Ascension fired a three gun salute for a deceased officer. So they went to the funeral not to pay their respects, but to be buried.

THE EAST INDIA COMPANY

From the late 1400's to the late 1500's the Portuguese had a monopoly of the trading to the Far East via the Cape. This monopoly was guaranteed by Rome very few challenged their right and all Catholic countries supported the monopoly granted by Rome.

English merchants concentrated on their efforts to find a sea route to the east around or through America on one side or by the northern coasts of Europe and Asia on the other. If a way had been found this would have given the English wool merchants an opening to the Chinese market which was out of the Portuguese sphere and would be more lucrative than the hotter southern areas.

However, when Francis Drake returned via the Cape on his round the world voyage, with the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the return of Ralph Fitch following several years of travel in India and Burma and the riches found in ships captured by English privateers, new energy was infused into the project of reaching India and the Far East via the Cape.

At last in a ship commanded by James Lancaster in 1591-93, Willaim Garraway's ship Ascension, a breakthrough was made despite the efforts of the Portuguese to sink the ship. James Lancaster visited The Nicobars and the Island of Penang. The English did not have it all their own way however, the Dutch also wanted to penetrate the Portuguese barrier, they sent a squadron under the command of Houtman, the squadron reached Java and returned safely a year later.

In 1598 the Dutch sent 20 ships to the East via the Cape, the English merchants, prominent amongst them Sir William Garraway, were in no mood to see this prize they had fought for snatched away from them by the Dutch. They started to prepare in 1599 a fresh expedition to the East, this was stopped by Queen Elizabeth who did not want anything to prejudice her peace negotiations with King Philip of Spain.

These negotiations failed and in early 1601 a fleet sailed for the East under the command of James Lancaster whose flagship was Sir William Garraway's ship the Ascension.

All the merchants, led by Sir William Garraway, who were interested in the venture incorporated themselves under the title of "The Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies" and the monopoly of English commerce in eastern waters (from the Cape of Good Hope to the Straits of Magellan) had been granted to them and their successors for a term of 15 years by Queen Elizabeth, the Governor was Sir William Garraway. The first and second voyages were aimed at securing spices and peppers from the Far East, both fleets visiting Achin in Sumatra and Bantam in Java as well as the Moluccas. The English claim to share in the commerce of the Indian Ocean was not recognised by the Catholic countries even after peace had been concluded. To overcome the problem of having to carry so much silver with which to trade the English needed to develop the export of manufactured goods, but they could not find a market in the Malay Archipelago.

It was therefore decided that the third voyage 1606-7 would endeavor to open up trade with Aden and Surat, the principle port of the Mohgul Empire. The post of second in command was created and filled by William Hawkins, William was provided with a letter from King James to the emperor Akbar ( it was not yet known in London that he had died), seeking permission to establish trade in his domains.

Hawkins commanded the Hector, the ship dropped Hawkins off at Surat, the principle port of the Mohgul Empire, and then proceeded to Bantam. Hawkins started his long journey to the court of the emperor in Agra, which he reached in the middle of April 1609 being warmly welcomed by the emperor Jahangir. Hawkins enjoyed much support from the emperor who took him into his service and married him to an Armenian damsel.

However, the Portuguese becoming alarmed by the success of the English and fearful they might lose much of their trade, bribed the courtiers and officials in Gujarat to persuade the emperor to refuse the English permission to trade. Unfortunately for Hawkins, in September 1609 the Ascension, which had been dispatched by Sir William Garraway to support his efforts to develop the trading opportunities in the Mohgul Empire, was wrecked by a storm in the Gulf of Cambay. Whilst the crew, escaping to land, created a bad impression by their disorder.

The merchants of Surat persuaded the emperor that their trade with the Portuguese would have ceased if the English were allowed to trade, consequently emperor Jahangir ordered the exclusion of the English. Hawkins left for the coast in November 1609 when his efforts to persuade the emperor to change his mind failed.

Further stories of the Garraway family involvement in The East India Company can be found in notes concerning Sir William Garraway's son Sir Henry Garraway and grandson William Garraway M.P..

From the Callendar of State Papers 1595 - 1597:

January 22 1597

Warrant to pay 1240 Crowns the Queens usual award, to Thomas Cordall, William Garroway, Edward Stephens, Sir Robert Dudley, Henry Timberley, William Grafton, and Thomas Gleede, owners of five newly built ships: subscribed by the Lord Admiral [Docquet]

January 22 1597

Like reward of 1390 Crowns for William Garroway, Robert chamberlain, William Skidmore, and Bartholomew Mathewson for building five ships, subscribed by the Lord Admiral [Docquet]

TRANSCRIPT OF SIR WILLIAM GARWAY'S WILL

2 Feb. Sir Wm. Garway of London Knight

1623

To my wife Elizabeth my Manor of Garway Co Hereford
also all my lands called Wandmore Gallowhill Wood Croyd Ith linke or Maudlin Wood Co Hereford also in Acton and Zealing at Yeading Co Middx- also orchard and pond mead upon the backside of the late monystrie of St. Albones Co Hereford also my 3 meadows behind the late Braserie of the said late monastrey and all other lands etc in St. Albones.

To my eldest son Henry Garwaie my Manor of Fawd and Climping
to him and his heirs and my Manor of Terring, Hooe Ovingdeane and Pavock Co Sussex and all my lands in Sussex called Hodore Westlands and Petlands (purchased of Sir Bowyer Worsely Kent) to him and the heirs males of his body with reversion to my 2 son William Garway 3 son Thomas 4 son Nathaniell 5 son Jonas and my right heirs in turn.

To my son William my Manor of Barcharies Co Somerset my
Manor and Borough of Kenne Co Devon for ever- also lands in Nunneaton Co Warwicke.

To my son Thomas my Manor of Ives Co Berks. and lands called
Brixhill Fields in Temple Tiso and Ritehardswicke Co Warwick.

To my son Nathaniell Garwaie my Manor of Windhill Co Kent over and besides the annuitie of £200 granted by me to him and his wife Grace for life out of my lands in Sussex. I will that my executors sell all my lands etc. in co York. late parcel of the Manor of Wythomewicke and the money be divided equally among my 5 grandchildren - Thomas, Henry, Mary, Rebecca, and Sarah Elkington children of my late daughter Joan, at 21 or marriage - if anyone die his or her partner to be paid to Anne Elkington another daughter of my said daughter Joan.

My 3 sons Henry, William, and Nathaniel stand jointly owed with me of the Manor of Whaploade Hall Co Lincoln and of Lidower Meads Co Kent and lands in Roughforth also Roughforth Co York and the Manor of Holbeach and Spalding Co Lincoln and lands in Hagthorpe Co Lincoln and tenements etc. in Northlach Co Gloucester and 2 tenements lately built upon Ridlomhope & Cockerell Shield Co. Northumberland and Wenrance Hill Co.Northumberland and lands in Hilton co. Westmoreland and lands in Richmond and Dumbleton Co. York and a farm in Stapleton Co. York ( late Robert Bellamy now Pudsey) also George Salter of St. Dunston in the West London. Gent. and my Cosen John Williams of London, Merchant, are seised to my use of the Manor of Weldon Co Northumberland and of a messuage in Lyme Street London. The Manor of Foard in Co Pembroke lands in Thirsk Co York and Ruston Co York - also my said Cozen John Williams and my servant Richard Bishopp gent are seised to my use of lands in Bridney or Bidenwaie Co Hereford - also Sir John Wolstenholme and Abraham Jacob of London are seised with me of the Manor of Bradsole Co Dorset and the Manor of Churchland Co Somerset (conveyed to us by Sir Nicholas Salter for debts which we were bound) - and whereas various lands were conveyed by Sir Francis Jones and William Fanshaw and my cozen John Williams in trust for the use of Sir John Wolstenholme and myself and we have agreed to divide them and I am to have the Manor of Somersby Co Lincs and other lands Sir Francis Jones bought of Charles Topcliffe and Joan his wife, William Wright, Ralfe Beeston, Bryan Teshe and Margaret his wife 2 May 5 James, also hornby Wood Co Linc (137 Acres) and all other bought by Sir Francis Jones of William Lord Willoughby of Tarran 9 June 12 James and the Prelands of Coringham and Stowe Co Linc. in Stowe, Gt. Covingham, Lt. Covingham, Springthorpe, Somerby, Wheatbeare, Aysby, Youiwthorpe, Dunstall, Shirton,Normaby Co. Linc.

I will that my sons Henry, William, and Nathaniell convey to my grandchild Anne Elkington my Manor of Whaploade Hall and to my Cosen John Williams my lands in Rufforth - also that George Salter and John Williams, Richard Bishopp, my said three sons, Sir William Wolstenholme, Abraham Jacob, William Fanshaw, shall sell the Manors of Weldon Foward (Co. Pembroke) lands in Bidney Manor of Holbeach and Spalding lands in Hagthorpe, Northleach tenants on Ridlarnhope and Cockerell Shield, Wernance Hill lands in Stapleton and of Bradpole and of Churchland and of Somerby other lands in Lincs Hornby Wood, the Prelands of Covingham and Stowe Lydlower Meads lands in Thirsk and Rushton - or such parts of them as they can or may.

My Executors shall also sell my land known as Rublands in Horsham Co Sussex in Ringmere Sussex and in Oxford my lands of Clewer Brocas and Didworth Mansell Co Berks. lands in Culliton Co Devon and land at the East end of Collcotts Marsh Essex Parkgate field Mddx and lands at Kentish Town Mddx.

If there be any overplus of my personal estate it is to be divided into three parts for (1) my wife Elizabeth (2) my children Henry William, Thomas, Nathaniel, Jonus, Elizabeth and Fortune.

(3) My sons Henry and William to the discharging of my funeral and legacies.

To my wife my term in my house in London where I dwell, all my household stuff, plate, two gold rings with two great diamonds all her jewels, my coach and horses

Exors: Sons Thomas and Nathaniel, sir john Wolstenholme, Abraham Jacob, Morris Abbot of London Esq. and john Williams. By obligation of 10 May 1622 I am bound to Richard Bishopp to pay £800 - this is for the benefit of my wife who is to have the sum over and above everything else.

My Cosen Francis Garwaie owes me £40 he shall have £20 and the other £20 is for his son Thomas at Cambridge. My Cosen Ann white owes £30 - she shall have £6 to keep her sister Elizabeth a year and half to Christmas 1622, the other £10 for my Cosen Elizabeth Sydenhams maintenance at 20/- per quarter.

I have given to the Drapers Company a fine carpet worth about £50 and my interest in the land in Ireland (about £120) I now give them £50 for a dinner - to £40 poor men free of the Company poor mens gowns, the same to 50 other poor persons hospitals £100 - servant Richard Hill £5. To John Wolstenholme a bason and liver of silver (120oz) or £33-6-8. to Abraham Jacob of London the same and also to Morris Abbott of London and John Williams.

Pd. 18 January 1625 by

Henry Garaway and William Garaway sons

(PCC 5 Hele)

BENETT FAMILY OF PYTHOUSE, TISBURY

Catalogue Ref. 413 Creator(s):

Benett family of Pythouse, Tisbury, Wiltshire

ESTATE Particular

Norton Bavant

FILE [no title] - ref. 413/80 - date: 1609

\_ [from Scope and Content] Particulars, manor of Norton Bavant, 'made oute by generall warr[an]t of yo[u]r Lo[rdshi]p & other his Ma[jes]t[y's] Com[missioners] for sale of Landes dated the xijth July last past for a graunt to bee passed amongst others in Fee simple to the uses of William Garway [and] Francis Jones esqris and others ...' Dated [ms. Torn] 4th August 1609. Copied or based on a record out of the Court of Augmentations.
The FROWYKS' large holding is traceable to 1303, when John de la Wodetone of Acton settled on Richard de la Wodetone a house, 74 a. of land, 4 a. of meadow, 40 a. of pasture, and rent in Acton and Chiswick. (Footnote 17) In 1357 Bartholomew of Wodetone seems to have been in possession (Footnote 18) and between 1374 and 1380 his son William made several conveyances of land in Acton to John Holmes. In 1382 William made over his remaining lands in Acton, Ealing, and Harlesden to John Knolte, fishmonger of London, and Thomas Wodetone his brother and heir. (Footnote 19) By 1462 all or part of Holmes's lands had passed to the Frowyk family. Henry Frowyk, alderman of London (d. c. 1460) (Footnote 20) and his son Thomas bought various estates in 1446 and 1458 in Acton, Ealing, and Willesden. (Footnote 21) Land once of John Scorier and formerly of John Holmes may have formed part of them. (Footnote 22)
Thomas Frowyk, knighted in 1478, (Footnote 23) bought more property in Acton in 1484. (Footnote 24) At his death in 1485 he held 6 houses, 70 a. of land, 10 a. of meadow, 20 a. of pasture, and 6 a. of wood in Acton and Willesden, all of the bishop of London. (Footnote 25) His elder son Henry, knighted in 1501, (Footnote 26) died in 1505 leaving sons Thomas and Henry (d. 1520), childless, and daughters Elizabeth wife of Sir John Spelman and Margaret wife of Sir Michael Fisher. (Footnote 27) Sir Thomas's younger son, Sir Thomas (d. 1506), Chief Justice of Common Pleas, (Footnote 28) held some of the property (Footnote 29) and was succeeded by his daughter Frideswide, first wife of Sir Thomas Cheyney, K.G. (d. 1559). (Footnote 30) Frideswide's grandson Thomas Parrott, (Footnote 31) the Spelmans' sons Henry and Erasmus, (Footnote 32) and the Fishers' granddaughter Agnes, wife of Oliver St. John, Lord St. John, each held portions. (Footnote 33) Most of the Frowyks' land seems to have passed to two families, the Vincents of Harlesden and the Garraways or Garways.
Humphrey Vincent of Willesden (d. c. 1555) bought lands in Acton and left two sons William and Robert. (Footnote 34) William was one of the principal free tenants in Acton in 1574 (Footnote 35) and left his free land to his son William by will dated 1579. (Footnote 36)
William's son and heir Gervase was one of three Vincents holding land freely in Acton in 1618, (Footnote 37) and he later sold some of it. (Footnote 38) Another William Vincent had land in 1618, and at his death in 1632 held Kingswood farm, 151 a. formerly Sir Thomas Frowyk's. (Footnote 39) A third William Vincent had 150 a. in Acton in 1649. (Footnote 40) In 1666 John Vincent of Harlesden green and others sold 139 a. in Acton and land in Willesden to William Rolleston (d. 1672). Notwithstanding an intention to use the lands to endow a charity at Rolleston (Staffs.), William's nieces Mary Mower and Elizabeth Jacob were in possession in 1708, (Footnote 41) and in 1757 their heirs sold 128 a. to Robert Tubbs of St. James's, Westminster, horse dealer. (Footnote 42) Tubbs bought Friars Place in 1765 (Footnote 43) and died in 1782, having conveyed the estate to his son Robert, who lived at Friars Place until his death in 1810. (Footnote 44) A third Robert Tubbs owned 141 a. in 1842, but Friars Place then belonged to Thomas Street. (Footnote 45) In 1850 the house was described as a beautiful villa with a balustraded terrace looking south over pleasure grounds. (Footnote 46) Building began around it in 1886, and it had decayed before its demolition in 1902. (Footnote 47) A sausage factory was built on the site in 1919. (Footnote 48)

John Garraway or Garway, gentleman, who bought 176 a. in Acton in 1569, (Footnote 49) was probably John Garraway of Buckhurst (Suss.), lessee of the parsonage and tithes. (Footnote 50) He already held land in Acton through his wife Sibyl, widow of John Lane (d. c. 1550), (Footnote 51) and carried out ditching in 1552 and 1554. (Footnote 52) In 1616 his son Paul leased to John Collins of Acton his freehold farm called Scoriers, formerly Frowyk's, which included at least 60 a., and a cottage in the Steyne, and another 9 a. (Footnote 53) Paul's eldest son Philip, who had freeholds in Acton and Ealing in 1624, (Footnote 54) died seised of Scoriers c. 1625. (Footnote 55) It passed to his brother John, who was apparently in possession in 1631. (Footnote 56) A Capt. Garraway held 90 a. in 1646 and land valued at £95 in 1653. (Footnote 57) In 1655 John Garraway sold a house, later called Bank House, and land near the Steyne to the Speaker Francis Rous (1579-1659). (Footnote 58)

Most of the Garraways' estate was alienated in fragments, (Footnote 59) Scoriers passing before 1800 to Nathan Carrington or his heir, (Footnote 60) and the Garraways recorded as holding land in 1693 and 1780 (Footnote 61) may have inherited it from another branch of the family. (Footnote 62)

BANK From: 'Acton: Manors and other estates', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 7: Acton, Chiswick, Ealing and Brentford, West Twyford, Willesden (1982), pp. 16-23. URL: http://www.british- history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22548&strquery=garraway. Date accessed: 06 November 2005.

Sir Matthew Hale (1609-76), chief justice of King's Bench, (Footnote 25) lived at Acton from c. 1666 until just before his death. His estate included BAXTER'S great house near the church where Richard Baxter had lived, describing it as small (Footnote 26) although it had at least 10 hearths, (Footnote 27) and DAYCROFT near East Acton Lane. (Footnote 28) Daycroft may have belonged in 1461 to William Eston, fishmonger of London, (Footnote 29) by purchase in 1458, (Footnote 30) and was devised in 1658 by Thomas Child to his children. (Footnote 31) Hale left all his property in Acton to his wife Anne (d. 1694) and then to his son Robert's son Gabriel. (Footnote 32) In 1712 Gabriel settled it on his sister Frances and her husband Archibald Grosvenor; (Footnote 33) they conveyed it to James Green, clothworker of London, (Footnote 34) who in 1719 conveyed parts of it, including a house near the western boundary and Daycroft, to the chapter and to the almoner of St. Paul's. (Footnote 35) The chapter c. 1758 exchanged its land with Samuel Wegg. (Footnote 36) The almoner's land was later transferred to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, including 8 a. south of Uxbridge Road awarded at inclosure in 1859 (Footnote 37) and built over c. 1900. (Footnote 38) Daycroft was sold to the local board in 1889 and formed part of Acton park. (Footnote 39) The rest of Hale's estate, including Baxter's great house, was sold to Edward Gilbert in 1723. (Footnote 40) The house may in fact already have been demolished, for it was not mentioned in subsequent conveyances and in 1705 Hale's house near the Rectory had been pulled down. (Footnote 41) Gilbert at once conveyed the estate to James Joye, who had acquired ACTON HOUSE. That house had probably belonged in 1624 to Sir William Garraway, brother of John (fl. 1569). (Footnote 42) Sir William's widow Elizabeth died in 1636 seised of a freehold house, occupied by Sir Henry Jernegan, which passed to her son Sir Henry (d. 1646), lord mayor of London. (Footnote 43) The house and 40 a. had passed by 1649 to Matthew Herbert, by 1653 to Maj.-Gen. Philip Skippon (d. 1660), (Footnote 44) who left all his property in Acton to his wife Catherine, (Footnote 45) and by 1686 to Skippon's son Sir Philip, traveller and writer, (Footnote 46) who sold them to Sir Hele Hooke, Bt. (Footnote 47) Sir Hele sold the house in 1696 to Daniel Sheldon, (Footnote 48) whose trustees sold it in 1700 to Sir John Baber (d. 1704). (Footnote 49) Francis Baber, brother and heir of Sir John's son John, sold it in 1721 to James Joye. (Footnote 50)

On Joye's death c. 1742 his estate was sold to John Burton, (Footnote 51) and in 1770 Capt. Charles Burton sold it to James Templar. (Footnote 52) In 1786 Templar sold all his property in Acton to James Stratton, whose executors sold it in 1803 to Nicholas Selby. (Footnote 53) The Selby family retained Acton House in 1845, but it was sold to Mary Robertson in 1860. (Footnote 54) Probably rebuilt by Sir Henry Garraway in 1638, (Footnote 55) it had 16 hearths in 1664 (Footnote 56) and was demolished c. 1904. (Footnote 57) From: 'Acton: Manors and other estates', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 7: Acton, Chiswick, Ealing and Brentford, West Twyford, Willesden (1982), pp. 16-23. URL: http://www.british- history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22548&strquery=garraway. Date accessed: 06 November 2005.

WEST TARRING SUSSEX MANORS.

King Athelstan (d. 939) granted TARRING to the church of Christ Church, Canterbury, his brother King Edmund afterwards confirming the grant. (Footnote 75) By 1086 the manor was part of the archbishop's share of the Canterbury endowments, (Footnote 76) as it remained until the mid 16th century. Richard Waleys, (Footnote 77) lord of Patching in the late 12th century, seems also to have held Tarring, since in 1209 his son Godfrey was confirmed in lands there formerly held by Richard's widow Denise. About 1212 Godfrey held two estates at Tarring as 1¼ and ¼ fee. (Footnote 78) In 1233 he held the manor at an annual farm of £18 or its equivalent in entertainment if the archbishop should so prefer; archiepiscopal visits to Tarring are recorded for instance in 1215 and 1225 or 1226. (Footnote 79) Shortly before 1237 Godfrey was deprived of the lands for making default in his rent, but they were restored to him in that year. Godfrey's son and namesake (d. c. 1266) was succeeded by his son Richard who forfeited Tarring in 1276 for underspending on the archbishop's entertainment and practising extortion on the tenants. (Footnote 80) Thereafter until the 1420s (Footnote 81) the manor was retained in demesne. Archbishops often visited it in the late 13th century, (Footnote 82) and presumably continued to do so later. A rabbit warren was recorded there in 1499 (Footnote 83) and 1535. (Footnote 84)

In 1559 the Crown took possession of the manor by virtue of a recent Act of Parliament. (Footnote 85) From at least the late 16th century the manor was often called Tarring with Marlpost or Tarring Marlpost in allusion to its Wealden outlier. (Footnote 86) In 1581 Edmund Deering was lessee, (Footnote 87) in succession to his brother John, (Footnote 88) and in the early 17th century Tarring was held by Jane Deering. (Footnote 89) In 1616 it was granted or confirmed in fee to Sir William Garraway, who had been dealing with it five years earlier, (Footnote 90) and whose family had been recorded in the parish in the mid 16th century. (Footnote 91) Sir William (d. c. 1626) was succeeded by his son Sir Henry (d. c. 1646), and Sir Henry's son William (Footnote 92) (d. c. 1656) by John Garraway. (Footnote 93) In 1674 John sold the manor to Thomas Garraway (Footnote 94) (d. 1700), (Footnote 95) whose widow Frances held it as dower until her death in 1710 or 1711. Edward and Richard Norris, sons of Thomas's sister and surviving coheir Catherine, sold the estate in 1715 to Sir Fisher Tench, who in 1720 sold it in trust for Humphrey Thayer, who in turn sold it in 1723 to Edward Barker. (Footnote 96) After 1729 it descended with Sompting rectory until 1761 when Edward's son Edward settled it on Henry Barker, in whose name courts were held until 1774. Another Edward Barker was lord by 1779 (Footnote 97) and at his death in 1835 Tarring passed with Sompting rectory to Henry John Peachey, Lord Selsey. (Footnote 98) The demesne lands, comprising 281 a., had meanwhile been sold in 1796 to Thomas Henty, while the northern outlier Marlpost was sold in 1806 to the duke of Norfolk. (Footnote 99) After Lord Selsey's death in 1838 (Footnote 1) his executors sold Tarring in the same year (Footnote 2) to James Cuddon, who still held it in 1846. Thereafter it descended in the Rastrick family, J. U. Rastrick being lord between 1848 and 1855, Henry Rastrick between 1857 and 1869, (Footnote 3) and George Rastrick between 1878 and 1895. (Footnote 4) Mrs. Rastrick was lady between 1914 and 1935. (Footnote 5) From: 'West Tarring', A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 6 Part 1: Bramber Rape (Southern Part) (1980), pp. 270-80. URL: http://www.british- history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=18267&strquery=garraway. Date accessed: 06 November 2005.