Vassili (Basil) Vassilievitch comte Kapnist

Vasily Vasilievich Kapnist (17 58-1823)81 The fourth and longest-lived poet of the Lvov circle was Vasily Vasilievich Kapnist. The son of a valiant officer who lost his life in 1757 at the battle of Gross-Jagersdorf, before his youngest son was born, Vasily was brought up by his mother (or step-mother, for there is a family tradition that his own mother was, like Zhukovsky's, a captive Turkish woman^), on his father's Ukrainian estate. His grandfather, Peter Kapnisi, was a Greek from the ...

Kapnist, Vasyl, b 23 February 1758 in Obukhivka, Myrhorod regiment, d 9 November 1823 in Kybyntsi, Poltava gubernia. (Portrait: Vasyl Kapnist.) Noted poet; civic and political figure. He served as marshal of the nobility for Myrhorod county in 1782 and for Kyiv gubernia in 1785–7. In 1782 he composed ‘Oda na rabstvo’ (Ode on Slavery) protesting the Russian government's abolition of Ukraine's autonomy. During the Russian empire's two-front war with Turkey and Sweden his plan for reviving volunteer Cossack regiments in Ukraine, drafted in 1788, was not implemented by the tsarist government. In 1791 Ukrainian patriotic circles, probably from Novhorod-Siverskyi, entrusted him with secret negotiations in Berlin for Prussian aid in the event of a Russian-Prussian war and a possible Cossack rebellion against Russia, but he did not obtain a definite commitment (see Novhorod-Siverskyi patriotic circle). His comedy Iabeda (Calumny, 1798) condemned Russia's centralist policy in Ukraine. As general judge (1802) and marshal for Poltava gubernia (from 1820), he defended Ukrainian interests, especially during the Napoleonic invasion of 1812–13 when 15 Cossack regiments were re-established and when Cossacks were exempted from the draft and various taxes (see Ukrainian regiments in 1812). In this period he wrote lyrical poetry, modeling himself on classical poets such as Horace. He also translated Slovo o polku Ihorevi (The Tale of Ihor's Campaign) into Russian, adding an interesting commentary emphasizing the poem's Ukrainian origin and distinctive Ukrainian qualities. His collected works were published in 1796, 1806, 1849, and 1960.

Vasily Kapnist (1758-1823) - a prominent Ukrainian poet, playwright, and social and political activist late XVIII - early XIX century.

The representative of a certain kind Kapnists founded by Venetian nobleman Vasily Petrovich Kapnist - Greek nationality who entered the service in the Russian army during the Prut campaign (1711) Peter I. was Myrhorod colonel (1737-1750), then the Russian army brigadier, and participated in the seven-year war years 1756-1763, where he died in the battle of Gross-Yehersdorfom in the early fighting. His youngest son Vasily was born after the death of his father, Vasily Petrovich, in Obukhovka in Poltava. His mother, Sophia A., came from the house of Dunin-Borkowski.

At the age of sixteen Basil Kapnist enlisted as a corporal Izmailovo Regiment and rose to the rank of second lieutenant Guard. Since 1775 - Officer Regiment.

In St. Petersburg, he met the famous Russian poet G. Derzhavin, and soon went into his circle. A huge influence on the poet's work and had a Ukrainian poet and philosopher Gregory Pans. His first ode Kapnist VI wrote in 1775 in French. Started from 1780 published in the journal "St. Peterburhskyy Journal." Popularity brought him first poetic work "Satire 1" ( "The first and Satire poslednyaya"), which clearly reflected the moderate and educational ideals of the young poet.

In the years 1782-1983 was Basil Kapnist controller main post office in St. Petersburg. And in 1783, after retirement from military service, returned to Ukraine. Some time was director of schools Poltava province. Enjoyed great prestige among the Ukrainian nobility. He held elected office Mirgorod district leader of nobility (1782), Kiev province (1785-1787), chief judge of Poltava province (since 1802) and leader of the Poltava nobility (since 1820), while which always defended the interests of the Ukrainian people.

1787 W. Kapnist with a group of nobles-autonomists drafted restoration of Cossack units in Ukraine, who, despite the support PA Rumiantsev-Transdanubian and G. Potemkin, was rejected by the tsarist government. In April 1791, in the midst of revolutionary events in the United States and France, Basil Kapnist with his brother Peter on behalf of the Ukrainian patriotic circles was in Berlin. He held talks with representatives of the Prussian government, including Foreign Minister (Chancellor) Prussia E.-F. Hertzberg on providing assistance to the Ukrainian national liberation movement in the case of open armed action against the Russian autocracy. Although the royal court from the same Germans became aware of the efforts and intentions V. Kapnist, but no one dared to use against him at least some repressive measures. We know that at this time the former Cossacks Antin Holovaty and others were government officials complex game Catherine to maintain its military power, its national character and did vytorhuvaly for this purpose Kuban region.

Kapnist contemporaries was primarily known as a writer and poet. He wrote odes, elegies, anacreontic poetry. Many of the poet reflects the life of the then Ukraine. He extolled the richness of the nature of his native land ( "Obuhivka", "In memory elm" and others.). Poetry Kapnist was associated with peredromantychnymy literary currents and played an important role in the development of literature dopushkinskoyi day. He had also hostrokrytychni works.

In 1783 he wrote "Ode to slavery" (published in 1806), which opposed the strengthening of the colonial policy of the Russian government in Ukraine, including the final disposition in 1783 Cossack regiments and the introduction of serfdom in Sloboda Ukraine and Left Bank. Not surprisingly, the "Ode to slavery" has infuriated Catherine II. After protests by national oppression. Incidentally, the estates of farmers Kapnists brothers were released from bond obligations. According to humane treatment and protect them from bureaucratic arbitrariness farmers turned to Basil Kapnist Respect "Father!".

As you know, Catherine II abolished in 1764 hetman board. So the poet chiefly advocated the restoration of Hetman as thought-Kamensky D. Bantysh. This was confirmed almost a century German scholar George Kapnist Zakke. "Ode to slavery" long gone to the public lists and widely publicized. The work was published with great difficulty only in 1809, and after forty years subjected to strict censorship. The most important and the only drama Basil Kapnist - verse comedy "sneak" (1798), in which he criticized the form of sharp Russian colonial policy in the Ukrainian lands, mercilessly exposed the abuse of judicial bureaucracy and a typical phenomenon of Russian autocracy. The first setting it on stage took place in 1798 and gained unprecedented publicity in the community. Mikhail Dmitriev, then wrote: "This is one of those comedies that do honor not only the author, but all literature. The strength of her amazing! There are areas where defect without losing part comic, tragic power up ... That's right ... Kapnist to immortality. "

The Russian government reacted quickly and prohibited the setting. The then Director of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Baron Friedrich Vigel explained that by "sneak" he says, "in exaggerated form, to the shame of the world, brought criminal abomination of our top judges and their subordinates. Here neither in action nor in the people there is nothing fun, funny, terrifying and only one, and do not know why he called it all a comedy. " But high government official did not see the head - namely, an angry condemnation of the policy of Russian autocracy in Ukraine. However, despite the ban, the comedy "sneak", which literary critics believe predecessor "Inspector", "Dead Souls", "Sleep", "Caucasian", "Fool," continued consistently included in the repertoire of some influential Russian theaters until 1840 . Although "sneak" was written in the late eighteenth century. and no longer put on the stage, his characters - the prosecutor and the judge Hvatayko Kryvosudov with their undying motto "live and yabedoy topics taken something, and then feast" and still continue to look something up in a modern too.

Basil Kapnist also a literary critic, he was admitted to the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences. For a long time the director worked colleges Poltava province. He paid much attention to the spread of literacy among the Ukrainian people. B. General Kapnist was also a judge of Poltava province. In 1801 he retired state councilor. From 1812 he was a candidate for the provincial Marshal Poltava. Due to the advent of the French troops of Napoleon and the opportunity arose to restore national Cossack militias. Kapnist begins organizational activity, despite the opposition of the governor general ukrayinonenavysnyka Little Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky. Together with his friend, former Minister Dmitry Troshchinsky Basil Kapnist still seeking her.

A. In studies Ohloblyn P. Berkova, S. Kapnist-Skalon it comes to relations with leaders of the Southern poet secret society, including Sergei Muraviev-Apostol. It is known that the youngest son of Basil Kapnist Alex was initiated into all the plans of the conspirators-Southerners. He was arrested Dec. 14, 1825. Pavel Pestel, known to secret police took 13 of the same month. Lt. Col. Sergei Muraviev-Apostol hunt gendarmes failed. Chernigov Regiment under his leadership still on the path of armed protest. Basil Kapnist translated "Lay" in Russian and made an interesting comment, which stressed Ukrainian origin and characteristics of this product.

He had a large and happy family. Throughout his life he was born fifteen children, of whom reached adulthood only six.

Basil Kapnist lived only 65 years. He once caught a cold and soon, November 8, 1823, died surrounded by family members and was buried in the family yard in the village. Kybyntsyah that in Poltava. Children Alexei Kapnist - Count Basil, Peter Paul - supported the development of Ukrainian culture. Counts Dmitri Pavlovich and Hippolytus Ipolytovych Kapnist, members of the State Duma in 1914, protesting against the ban commemorating the 100th anniversary of Taras Shevchenko. Count Alexei Pavlovich Kapnist, Rear-Admiral Black Sea Fleet Denikinites hacked at the foot of Mashuk for an independence sentiment and support for the government of Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky. In November 2008, in his native village V. Kapnist held celebrations to mark the opening of the monument to the poet and public figure, designed by a student of Kharkiv Sergei Linnik expense established in 2007, the descendants of the ancient kind Kapnists "nominal" fund with the assistance of district and regional authorities. At the solemn meeting recalled vivid biography Vasily Kapnist.

Ukrainian historian Alexander Ohloblyn wrote about Basil Kapnist "Famous writer origin napivhrek-napivukrayinets, always and everywhere - in Russian foreign environment and foreign exile, and remained Ukrainian at home in the best sense of the word - Ukrainian patriot." His daughter Sophia Kapnist-Skalon once recalled: "In fact he was involved in everything that concerned the Little, and as suffering with it from what was often sad and in a bad mood. Only wish it were - to restore the prosperity and wealth of Little and revive, so to speak, people who still remembered their will. "

May 20, 2015 in Poltava Iskrovsku street was renamed the street Basil Kapnist.

R. Kukharenko, correspondent of the newspaper "Migration"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Kapnist

Василий Васильевич Капнист — поэт и драматург, российский общественный деятель.