Dip. Ing. Arthur Schönberg

Narozen 05. 03. 1874 Poslední bydliště před deportací: München Transport II/2, č. 100 (05. 06. 1942, Mnichov -> Terezín) Zahynul 20. 02. 1943 Terezín

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Munich, 10 November 1934

To the City Council of the Bavarian Capital, Munich, Division 5

From the decree (of 14 July 1933) which was delivered to me on the 7 Nov. 1934, it is evident that my 17 August 1920 citizenship, under reference number 5200 A I is to be revoked.

I am obligated to voice my thanks that I will be given the opportunity to present the reasons that my citizenship should not be under scrutiny.

After the by-law of 26 July 1933, all civil and cultural, in addition to racial, perspectives are to be tested. I believe that such perspectives could be beneficial and, on the account of the judgment which has been seen by many leading personalities, show that since the beginning of my professional career I have, insofar as it was in my power, to serve German matters.

In particular, I should present the following

I.

I was born on 5 March 1874 in Vienna and gained through birth Hungarian citizenship; My homeland was registered in the city of Pressburg.

I lived in Vienna until I was 24 years old.

I received my education as an engineer in the Technical High School in Vienna. On account of remote exams, I later received the rank of Diplom-Engineer from the Technical High School in Berlin.

After a short employment at a Viennese Machine Factory, I was employed on 1 Oktober 1898 by AEG, Berlin.

Since 1 Oktober 1898, I have been professionally active in Germany without interruption.

On 18 June 1900, I entered the Engineering Office of Oscar von Miller in Munich, to which I have uninterruptedly belonged until today. Hence I have lived more than 34 years in Munich.

II.

Nevertheless, I first earned German citizenship in 1920 and this begs the question why I could not have received it earlier. Rather, as a citizen of the allied German Empire and Austro-Hungarian monarchy, I had no reason to envisage changing my citizenship.

This changed however since, as a result of the peace dictate of Trianon, the city of Pressburg was merged into the Czechoslovakian Republic. At the time, I had to decide, if I should remain with my original political system or seek citizenship with my second homeland.

That I chose the second option was for me a matter-of-course. With an application, my citizenship was granted in a short amount of time, since my good position and problem-free personality was known. I sought to vocalize my thanks for the citizenship by devoting myself to my professional work.

III.

It is known to the authorities that I have lived an honorable and decent life.

I have never confirmed myself politically and have also never involved myself in political unions.

IV.

About my professional achievements, I must present the following

1) I worked on the various non-profit work of my deceased employer – Dr. Oskar von Miller – which fit with my own disposition and leanings. Especially important was my participation with the construction of the German Museum, the works at Walchensee and the Bayernwerkes

2) For about 7 years I have worked for the supply of electrical warming in households

3) In recent times I have devoted myself to my work in the gas supplies of the Rheinpfalz. This work has meaning for the economy of the German Empire.

4) My professional experiences which I have been able to gather during my career made me useful for a colleague, Dipl.Ing.E. Glunk, with whom I wrote “Country Electricity Works” This has been received well in the professional community as well as by the interested authorities.

V.

In the course of my professional career, I had the joy of seeing my work being honorably recognized.

1) At the opening of the German Museum on 17.11.1906 I received the Golden Ludwigs-Medal

2) At the opening of the collection in the Isar Barracks on 12.4.1910 I was awarded the Royal Prussian Order of the Crown (4th Class)

3) At the project for the Bayernwerk, which Mr. Oskar von Miller offered as a free work for the war, I received the King Ludwigs-Cross in August 1916.

4) At the first annual awarding of the Honor Rings of the German Museum on 7.5.1925, I received from the Bavarian State Government the Golden Honor Ring.

5) On 22.12.1926 I, along with the first director of the Bayernwerke (Dr. Menge) and faithful Bavarian leaders in electricity, received the title of landesbaurats.

I must give myself up to the hope that various people who know my work and my personality will describe and give information to the authorities.

VI.

From war service my poor state of health unfortunately excluded me from service. By the beginning of the war, I was over 40 years old and was found to be incapable of service.

During the war I committed myself to the works at Walchensee and the Bayernwerk in order to fulfill, to the best of my abilities, my service to the fatherland.

VII.

These facts give me the hope that through the worthiness of my work and personality I will be spared a nullification of my citizenship and that I won’t, at the age of 60, be subjected to the tragedy of homelessness. It is my wish to continue working to benefit the German community as long as I am able.

Sincerely,

Arthur Schönberg

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V →Ignatz (1842–1922), wohl aus Szécsény (Nógrád, Ungarn), S d. →Abraham (* 1812) u. d. Theresia Löwy (1807–88); M Charlotte Weiss (* 1849); Ov →Samuel (1838–89), Schuhmacher in W.; – ⚭ Wien 1900 Eveline (1879–1942 Theresienstadt), T d. Eduard Eisig Bach (1843–92), Hutfabr., u. d. Henriette Sara Nelken (* 1848); 2 T; Vt Arnold (s. 2).

Leben Nach dem Abitur in Wien studierte S. Maschinenbau und Elektrizitätslehre an der TH Wien bis zum Abschluß als Diplom-Ingenieur, anschließend arbeitete er für kurze Zeit bei einer Wiener Maschinenbaufabrik und wechselte 1898 zur „Allgemeinen Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft“ (AEG) nach Berlin. Auf der Weltausstellung in Paris 1900 lernte er →Oskar v. Miller (1855–1934) kennen, der ihn an sein Münchner Ingenieurbüro holte. Hier entwickelte sich S. zu Millers wichtigstem Mitarbeiter. Er war maßgeblich an der Planung zahlreicher Elektrizitätswerke im In- und Ausland beteiligt, namentlich bei der Errichtung großer Landeselektrizitätsversorgungen, wie der Pfalzwerke, des Thüringenwerks und der Karpatenwerke, die Projektierung des Walchenseekraftwerks und der Gasversorgung in der Rheinpfalz sowie die Betriebsoberleitung von kommunalen Elektrizitätswerken. Für Millers einflußreiches „Gutachten über die Reichselektrizitätsversorgung“ (1930) erhob S. die Daten und konzipierte mit Miller erstmals eine deutschlandweite Elektrizitätsversorgung. Er verfaßte zahlreiche Kapitel für den 2. Band von Millers „Versorgung der Städte mit Elektricität“ (1903) und schrieb für ihn Aufsätze und Vorträge. Mit Ernst Glunk gab S. 1926 den Band „Landes-Elektrizitätswerke“ heraus, in dem die großen, im Ingenieurbüro Millers konzipierten Stromnetze beschrieben sind. Mit Miller wurde er in den 1920er Jahren zu einem Verfechter von Elektroherden in Privathaushalten. Zum Prokuristen befördert, trat er 1921 bei der Umwandlung von Millers Ingenieurbüro in eine GmbH als Gesellschafter ein. S. unterstützte Miller auch 1903 bei der Gründung des Dt. Museums in München und leitete 1903-07 neben seiner Ingenieurtätigkeit dessen „Wissenschaftliche Abteilung“. Bis 1918 kümmerte er sich um die Beschaffung und Präsentation von Museumsobjekten, organisierte die Mitgliederwerbung und bemühte sich um Stiftungen für den Museunisneubau. Er war maßgeblicher Verfasser der Schrift „Chronik des Dt. Museums“ (1927).

Von den Nationalsozialisten wurden S. und Miller schon in den 1920er Jahren als die „ersten Jünger Kurt Eisners“ (d. h. als Kommunisten) diffamiert. Auf Druck der Nationalsozialisten mußte S. Mitte der 1930er Jahre Millers GmbH verlassen. Er versuchte seit 1938 vergeblich, der zunehmenden Judenverfolgung durch Emigration in die USA zu entkommen. Gemeinsam mit seiner Frau wurde er Mitte 1942 nach Theresienstadt deportiert, wo beide ums Leben kamen.

Auszeichnungen zahlr. Ehrungen, u. a. Goldene Ludwigs-Medaille, Abt. Ind. (1906); Goldener Ehrenring d. Bayer. Staatsreg. (1925); Landbaurat (1926); Oskar v. Miller-Plakette d. Dt. Mus. (1930).

Werke Die Reproduktionstechnik im Dt. Mus., in: Der Sammler 77, 1908, Nr. 70, S. 2-4; Die elektr. Küche, in: Elektrotechn. Zs. 50, 1929, S. 1689-92; Über d. Einfluß d. Wärmestromverteilung auf d. Belastungsverhältnisse d. Elektrizitätswerke, in: Elektrizitätswirtsch. 29, 1930, S. 479-92.

Literatur W. Füßl, Oskar v. Miller, 2005; |

Quellen Qu Archiv d. Dt. Mus.; Bayer. HStA; StadtA München; Briefe im Arnold Schönberg Center, Wien; Mitt. v. Else Schönberg.

Portraits Gem. v. G. Waltenberger, Grundsteinlegung d. Dt. Mus., 1916, Darst. S.s hinter Prinz Ludwig v. Bayern; Foto (beides München, Dt. Mus.); Fam.photo (Wien, Arnold Schönberg Center).

Autor/in Wilhelm Füßl Empfohlene Zitierweise Füßl, Wilhelm, "Schönberg, Artur" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 23 (2007), S. 389-390 [Online-Version]; URL: https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd141397217.html#ndbcontent