Louis Joseph, dauphin de France

Louis Joseph Xavier François (22 October 1781 – 4 June 1789) was Dauphin of France as the second child and first son of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. As son of a king of France, he was a fils de France ("Child of France"). Louis Joseph died at the age of seven from tuberculosis and was succeeded as Dauphin by his four-year-old brother Louis Charles.

Louis Joseph Xavier François de France was born at the Palace of Versailles on 22 October 1781. He was named after his maternal uncle, Joseph II. The new-born was the long-awaited Dauphin, his father's heir to the throne of France, as the Salic Law, which excluded women from acceding the throne, applied to his elder sister, Marie Thérèse Charlotte, Madame Royale. The birth of Louis Joseph ruined the hopes of his uncle, the comte de Provence, of succeeding his brother Louis XVI.

His private household was created upon his birth. He was under the care of Victoire de Rohan, the Governess of the Children of France, until she was replaced in 1782 by Yolande de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac, one of his mother's favourites. His sous-gouverneur was the Maréchal de camp Antoine Charles Augustin d'Allonville. His wet nurse was Geneviève Poitrine, who was later accused of transmitting tuberculosis to the young Dauphin.

Louis Joseph was very close to his sister and to his parents, who watched attentively over his education. He was always praised for being a very bright child for his age; however, it soon became apparent that he was of fragile health.

Illness

Bust of Louis-Joseph by Louis-Pierre Deseine (musée de la Révolution française)
Around April 1784, when he was three years old, Louis Joseph had a series of high fevers. Out of fear for his health, he was transported to the Château de La Muette[1] where the air was reputed to have healing properties. The time spent at La Muette seemed to have helped Louis Joseph recover, and almost a year later, in March 1785, he returned there and was inoculated against smallpox. However, his health remained fragile.

In 1786, the fevers returned, but his household regarded them as being of no importance. These fevers, however, were the first signs of tuberculosis. In the same year, Louis Joseph's education was turned over to men, as was customary for the sons of the kings of France. At the ceremony, it was noted that Louis Joseph had trouble walking, which was in fact caused by a curvature of the spine - something which was treated through the use of metal corsets. By January 1788 the fevers grew more frequent and the disease progressed quickly.

Louis Joseph died at the Château de Meudon on 4 June 1789, at the age of seven and a half, during the Estates General. He was buried on 13 June in a simple ceremony at the Basilica of St Denis. On 10 August 1793, on order of the National Convention during the Reign of Terror, his tomb was desecrated, together with those of the kings and queens of France, members of the royal family, high dignitaries, and abbots.[2]

At the death of Louis Joseph, the title of Dauphin passed to his younger brother Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy (1785–1795), who died during the French Revolution, at the Temple prison.

Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in which Harrisburg is located, is named after him.[3] The Pennsylvania legislature, meeting in Philadelphia in 1785, named the newly formed county northwest of Lancaster and north of York to thank France for helping the United States win her independence from the British Empire. Within the county, the borough of Dauphin, so named when it was incorporated in 1845, is thus indirectly also named for him.

Ancestry
8. Louis XV of France
4. Louis, Dauphin of France
9. Marie Leszczyńska
2. Louis XVI of France
10. Augustus III of Poland
5. Maria Josepha of Saxony
11. Maria Josepha of Austria
1. Louis Joseph of France
12. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
6. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
13. Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans
3. Marie Antoinette of Austria
14. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
7. Empress Maria Theresa
15. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick

Source: Wikipedia

Added to Geni by Janet Milburn /11/2021

Louis Joseph, dauphin de France is our 10th cousin 6 times removed.

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• Le 16 mai 1770, le dauphin Louis Auguste épouse l’archiduchesse Marie-Antoinette d'Autriche2, fille cadette de François de Lorraine, grand-duc de Toscane et empereur souverain du Saint Empire romain germanique et de son épouse Marie-Thérèse, archiduchesse d'Autriche, duchesse de Milan, reine de Bohême et de Hongrie. Cette union est la concrétisation d’une alliance visant à améliorer les relations entre la Maison de Bourbon (France, Espagne, Parme, Naples et Sicile) et la Maison de Habsbourg-Lorraine (Autriche, Bohême, Hongrie, Toscane). Les époux bien qu'étant alors âgés de 14 et 15 ans ne consommeront réellement leur mariage que sept ans plus tard. De leur union, quatre enfants naissent, mais ils n'auront pas de descendance :

Links:

• The Peerage
• Geneall
• Wikipedia

1. Marie-Thérèse de France (19 décembre 1778 – 19 octobre 1851), dite « Madame Royale », qui épouse en 1799 son cousin germain le duc d’Angoulême (1775-1844) ;
   
2. Louis Joseph Xavier François de France (22 octobre 1781 – 4 juin 1789), premier dauphin ;
   
3. Louis Charles de France (27 mars 1785 – 8 juin 1795), duc de Normandie, second dauphin et futur Louis XVII, surnommé « l'Enfant du Temple » pendant sa captivité ;
   
4. Marie Sophie Béatrice de France (29 juillet 1786 – 19 juin 1787).