South Hill Park, Berkshire, England

Over the years the various owners of South Hill Park have made their mark on its Grade II listed building. These links with the past are particularly important in the context of a new town where any connection with history is at a premium.

The Early Years

Before the 1600s the area of South Hill Park was part of Windsor Forest. This was a mixture of heath and woodland over which the Crown had rights of timber and deer pasturage. In the mid-seventeenth century it was, probably, illegally enclosed. This must have been after 1607. The survey map of Windsor Forest by John Norden didn’t show any enclosure or building at south Hill. The name does appear below that of Gallmoar Pond. A title deed of 1683 indicates that enclosure and some building had taken place. The deed shows the leasing of ‘the mansion house known by the name of south Hill’ to William Samrooth by Ann Bagley.

By 1750 Brice Fisher owned the house and renamed it Fisher’s Lodge. A map accompanying his new lease granting permission to enlarge, shows a house in the centre of his landholding. The house was a rectangular building with two wings on the south front with the entrance drive to the north. Other map evidence of the estate from 1757 and 1761 shows the estate much the same as it appeared on this map.
William Watts, who owned the south Hill Park in 1760, had been a senior officer of the Bengal government. He also wished to enlarge the estate and in return for permission to take in a further thirty acres he provided for the poor of the parish. People thought that he built the original house but the earlier maps showing the outline of the house disproved this. He did remodel the existing house as a classical villa and it is likely that he moved the farm buildings further away from the house.
history-3 The earliest known view of south Hill Park, although dated to 1819, shows the house much the same as it was when it was rebuilt by Watts. It had the entrance front at the north side of the house and a long pool in the foreground.

The George Canning and Sir William Hayter Years

George Canning (1770–1827) owned the estate in 1801. He was a politician and holds the record as the shortest serving Prime Minister of this country, serving only 119 days. In 1801 Canning commissioned sir John Soane to design alterations to the house. The plans included:
minor alterations to the library and the hall, the construction of a conservatory on the south elevation overlooking the garden, and adjustments to the service quarters. During the first half of the nineteenth century the estate the Earl of Limerick owned the estate. He enlarged the estate from 148 to 346 acres and began to develop the pleasure grounds to the south of the house. In 1853 Sir William Goodenough Hayter (1792–1878) bought the estate. In 1853 a remodelling of the house was undertaken, which may have been the result of a fire. During December 1878 Sir William became depressed and on 26 December was found drowned in one of the lakes at south Hill Park. He was succeeded by his only son, Arthur Divett Hayter (1835–1917). It was Arthur Hayter who would remodel the house into what we largely see today.

The Temple Moore Years

In 1891 the noted architect Temple Moore (1856–1920) remodelled the house. In 1893 he remodelled the hard landscaping near the house. Work began in early 1891 and was largely completed by November 1892 at a cost of £17,700. The east wing of the house remained and a major extension added westwards. It was of red brick with stone dressing throughout. The approach was from the north, with the main entrance offset towards the east under a four-storey tower.
The main display was on the south side overlooking open parkland. Here the façade was not quite symmetrical. The main features were an open arcade of single and coupled Tuscan columns on the ground floor with shallow oriels above.

In 1897, Moore added a conservatory front and in 1898 a billiard room bay. In 1893 Moore began, what is believed to be, his only garden work. This comprised a terrace on the garden side and a two-flight staircase ascending out of the flower garden on the east side.

Twentieth Century

During the First World War South Hill Park was used as a war work collection centre. People from surrounding villages brought woollen garments which were then sent to France.
Sir Arthur died in 1917 and his widow continued to live in the house until she died in 1929. The estate then passed to her nephew, Major Rickman. He was the last private owner of the house and unfortunately shot himself in the gun cupboard in 1940.

In 1940 the royal sea Bathing Hospital evacuated from Margate to South Hill Park, moving back in 1945. Dr John Coakley founded the hospital 1791. He also founded the Medical society of London in 1773. As a Quaker he had a strong social conscience and the welfare of the poor concerned him. Using funds supplied by the Prince Regent, he set up the hospital in Margate using sea water to cure the poor of tuberculosis. When the hospital returned to Margate it remained open until the mid-1990s and is now a development of luxury flats.

In 1946 Hunton and son of Bracknell sold the mansion and 800 acres to a New Zealander, Joseph Horn. His plans were to convert the mansion into high class residential flats. He had already converted an estate in Ascot before the second World War and wanted to repeat the process. Without altering the exterior, he converted the interior into different sized, self-contained flats. Some of the larger original rooms remained as communal spaces with the original hall a reception room. There was also a spacious lounge, a library and a restaurant. Horn made the conversion plans in close co-operation with the Berkshire town Planning association. An article in Ideal Home of 1948 was full of praise for the conversion work.

The conversion venture wasn’t entirely successful. On 23 October 1951 an auction was held, selling off the contents of the house (figure 14). This included furniture and ornamental items. The BBC purchased South Hill Park in 1952 from South Hill Park estates. This was the company run by Horn. South Hill Park became part of a group of properties to provide services in the event of a national emergency. Its function was to operate as the European services section of the BBC. For this reason the BBC made plans for a control room, four studios and recording areas in the house. There were also plans for new buildings in the grounds close to the main building. These were to provide extra offices and accommodation for the 1000 staff who would be working on the site. The buildings were built to minimum austerity standards. By August 1958 the house was empty of all BBC property. The Bracknell Development Corporation purchased South Hill Park on 19 December 1962. South Hill Park was included in the extension of the designated new town area.

Ferranti leased the site in 1965 and used it as offices and laboratories until early 1972. Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti (1864–1930) set up Ferranti in 1882 to manufacture the alternator. The company specialised in the application of new technology to solve problems. From 1948 they were leaders in the computer industry. Ferranti had opened a research facility in Bracknell in 1963. They developed the first European microprocessor (F-100L) in the town. They went into receivership in 1993.

Arts Centre

In 1949 Bracknell became a new town. In 1969 Bracknell Development Corporation started looking into proposals for an arts centre. South Hill Park was one of the sites under consideration for the arts centre. Bracknell Development Corporation selected South Hill Park in 1970. Peter Stark was appointed its first director in the autumn of 1972. A 125-year lease was then granted to south Hill Park Trust who converted the house into an arts centre.
As the building has three floors and close to 60 rooms, conversion was a complicated process. It was divided into two phases. Phase 1 was making the building fit for public use and Phase 2 involved converting the ‘safe shell’ into a functioning centre.

It opened in October 1973 with a range of courses and activities whilst conversion work continued. The terrace bar opened in June 1974. This was despite dry rot, the national energy crisis and the three-day week all causing delays to the project. By the beginning of 1975 all the general facilities were open.

Wilde Theatre, Bracknell Gallery and Dance Studio

A theatre was first proposed when south Hill Park became an arts centre. It didn’t become a reality until the construction of The Wilde Theatre 1982–4. The design brief was to be able to cater for small and large events, formal and informal.
The architect was Axel Burrough of the architectural practice Lewitt Bernstein. He and Iain Mackintosh designed the theatre on the principal of a courtyard theatre as used in Shakespeare’s time.

A partnership of the local community and businesses provided the funding. To keep costs down there was never any intention to build in the existing style of South Hill Park. Red bricks, like those in the main house were used though.

Building work began in November 1982. John Amis and Sir Henry Lushington, whose ancestor was an owner of South Hill Park, moved the first sod.