孫延齡

SUN Yen-ling 孫延齡, d. 1677, general, native of Liaotung, was a son of Sun Lung hili, who was a member of the Chinese Plain Red Banner and a subordinate of K'ung Yu-tê [q.v.]. When still a child Sun Yen-ling was betrothed to Kung Ssŭ-chên 孔四貞 (b. ca. 1641), daughter of Kung Yu-tê, who was the only member of the Kung family to survive the disaster caused by Li Ting-kuo's [q.v.] attack on Kweilin, Kwangsi, in 1652. Two years later she was taken to Peking and special imperial favors were bestowed on her in recognition of the loyalty of her martyred father. Married in 1660, she was given the rank of princess of the imperial blood (hošoi gege 和碩格格) and the distant control of her father's former troops in Kwangsi. Her husband was raised to the rank of consort of a princess (hošoi efu 和碩額駙) and made a member of the council of princes and high officials, with the title of hereditary baron (男) of the first class. A mansion was provided for them outside the Hsi-hua mên 西華門, the West Gate of the Forbidden City.

In 1666 the princess (K'ung Ssŭ-chên) sent up a request that she and her family be permitted to move to Kwangsi. About the same time Hsien Kuo-an 線國安 (d. 1676), the general who actually had charge of her troops there, asked to be retired on account of advanced age. After a conference of high officials her request was granted; her consort (Sun Yen-ling) was made military governor of Kwangsi; and she herself was designated I-p'in fu-jên 一品夫人, consort of the highest class. Young and inexperienced, Sun Yen-ling did not meet the situation well, and affairs became difficult to handle. In 1672 he was censored for exercising too great freedom in filling vacancies to subordinate military posts—a precedent that in reality had been initiated by Wu San-kuei [q.v.]. The following year he was again denounced—this time by his subordinate lieutenant-generals—for permitting his troops to disturb the people. A mission led by Ledehun he was sent to Kweilin to investigate, with the result that the charges were substantiated. Nevertheless, as a special favor, Sun was pardoned and permitted to stay at his post without punishment.

When, late in 1673, Wu San-kuei initiated his rebellion, Sun Yen-ling took advantage of the turmoil to avenge himself against his lieutenant-generals by having them all killed. He wavered for a while in his allegiance to the Manchu government, and finally threw in his lot with Wu San-kuei. He first declared himself An-yüan ta chiang-chün 安遠大將軍, then An-yüan wang (王), but Wu San-kuei gave him the title, Prince of Lin-chiang 臨江王. In 1676 his troops mutinied and his elder brother, Sun Yen-chi 孫延基, was killed. Although Sun Yen-ling joined in Wu San-kuei's rebellion, he did not show much enthusiasm for the cause. His indecision may have been increased by alleged remarks of his wife about gratitude to the Manchu government. Hearing of this, Wu San-kuei sent a younger relative, Wu Shih-tsung (see under Ma Hsiung-chên) to Kweilin, giving the misleading impression that this relative was on his way eastward to take Kwangtung. When Sun came out to meet him he was taken by surprise and killed.

According to Huang Chih-chün 黃之雋 (T. 石牧, H. 𢈪堂, 1668–1748), a revolt of Sun's officers in 1676 had forced him thereafter into a role subordinate to that of his wife. In that case, she was in command when he was killed, early in 1677. Some accounts assert that after his death she surrendered her forces to the Manchus and returned to Peking. It seems more likely, however, that she did not return to Peking until the San-fan War was over.

[1/480/15b; 2/80/29b; Ch'ing San-fan shih-liao 1/7a, and T'ing-wên lu (for both see bibl. under Wu San-kuei); Liu Hsien-t'ing [q.v.], Kuang-yang tsa-chi 3/59b; Huang Chih-chün, 𢈪堂集 Wu-t'ang-chi 17/10a; Ting-nan wang chuan in Ssŭ-wang ho-chuan (see bibl. under K'ung Yu-tê); 五藩檮乘 Wu-fan t'ao-shêng in 天蘇閣叢刊 T'ien-su ko ts'ung-k'an (2nd series, 1923).]

Tu Lien-chê

《清史稿》卷474

孫延齡，漢軍正紅旗人。父龍，從孔有德來歸，授二等阿思哈尼哈番，從有德廣西。有德以女四貞字延齡。及有德死事，龍亦戰死，加拖沙喇哈番，以延齡襲。四貞尚幼，還京師，孝莊皇后育之宮中，賜白金萬，歲俸視郡主。長，命仍適延齡。

有德所部諸將，線國安功最高。國安與有德同起事，偕來降。從入關，西破李自成，南破桂王，累擢廣西提督，駐南寧。李定國陷桂林，盡殺其孥。國安與總兵馬雄、全節力戰復桂林，走定國。累加太子太保、征蠻將軍，封三等伯，統有德舊部駐桂林。康熙五年，以老乞休。

上以延齡有德婿，四貞生長軍中，習騎射，通武事，乃授延齡鎮守廣西將軍，代國安統有德舊部。予四貞郡主儀仗，偕赴鎮。延齡漸驕縱，十一年，御史馬大士劾延齡擅除武職，兵部既駁奏，延齡復疏請，恣肆不臣，上命申禁。十二年，所部都統王永年，副都統孟一茂，參領胡同春、李一第等列延齡縱兵殃民狀，牒總督金光祖，光祖以聞。上遣侍郎勒德洪按治，得實，請逮延齡治罪，特命寬之。三桂反，上授延齡撫蠻將軍，起國安都統。時節已前卒，雄代國安為提督，命與巡撫馬雄鎮合謀剿禦。

十三年二月，延齡舉兵反，殺永年、一茂、同春、一第，幽雄鎮及其眷屬。詔奪官爵，聲討。延齡乃上疏言光祖、雄誘永年等謀害，上審其誣，諭尚可喜與光祖籌策進攻。延齡自稱安遠大將軍，移牒平樂、梧州諸郡。雄與總兵江義亦以柳州叛應三桂。國安病死。延齡招致萬羊山土寇，與所部合設五鎮，鎮兵二千。俄又自稱安遠王。慶陽知府傅弘烈當三桂未反，疏發諸不軌事，謫戍蒼梧，延齡既叛，授以將軍。弘烈說延齡迎師，四貞尤力勸之。十六年，延齡遣弘烈迎師江西。三桂詗知之，使從孫世琮率兵逼桂林，執殺延齡，四貞督兵禦戰。世琮乃留其將李廷棟戍桂林，出掠平樂、潯州、橫州、南寧。弘烈還至平樂，延齡將劉彥明、徐洪鎮、徐上遠等擒斬廷棟，與國安子成仁並出降。四貞還京師。