Sengge Rinchen [Borjigit]

Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in 僧格林沁, May 19, 1865, popularly known as Sêng-wang 僧王, the Monggol prince who fought against the British and French forces during the years 1858-60, was a member of the Borjigit clan and the house of the Korchin princes. The Korchins were the first of the Inner Mongolians to recognize the suzerainity of the Manchus (1624), and consequently their chiefs were favored by the Ch'ing emperors throughout the dynasty. In 1650 one of the Korchin chiefs, Janggilun 彰吉倫 (d. 1664), was elevated to a princedom of the second degree (郡王) with rights of perpetual inheritance. In 1825 the ninth prince (see under Yung-yen) died leaving no son; and Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in, son of the prince's cousin, was appointed his heir. As a Mongol prince, Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in enjoyed many extraordinary honors, including certain privileges due only to a prince of the blood. In 1834 he was made a chamberlain of the Imperial Bodyguard and thereafter served several terms as lieutenant-general of one or another of the Banners.

In 1853, when the Taipings took Nanking and made it their capital, a detachment of soldiers under the command of Lin Feng-hsiang [q.v.] was sent to invade North China. Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in won his first military recognition by engaging the Taipings at Tu-liu-chên, twenty-four miles southwest of Tientsin. The following year he pursued the insurgents in their retreat to Lien-chên where Lin Fêng-hsiang was captured and executed, early in March 1855. Remnants of the Taipings, led by Li K'ai-fang (see under Lin Feng-hsiang), escaped from Lien-chên to Kao-t'ang-chou, Shantung, where later in the same year (1855) they also were annihilated by Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in's forces. Thus the northern expedition of the Taipings was a complete failure. For his exploits in this connection, Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in was first raised to a prince of the first degree (親王) with the designation Bodol gatai 博多勒噶臺, and later the right of perpetual inheritance was attached to that princedom. On his return to Peking he was given a grand reception to celebrate the victory. An elder brother was made a prince of the sixth degree.

The so-called "Arrow War," which began in Canton (see under Yeh Ming-h'ên), extended to the North when on May 20, 1858 the British and French Allied fleet occupied the Taku forts. Sen-ko-lin-ch'in was at once dispatched to Tungchow to direct the defenses along the Pai River from Tientsin to Peking. In the meantime a treaty of peace was signed in Tientsin (see under Kuei-liang). After the withdrawal of the Allied fleet from North China, Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in directed a hasty construction of defenses at Taku, reinforcing the forts and blockading the river passage. Thus when the British and French ministers, intending to exchange the ratified treaties, arrived at Taku with a considerable naval escort, they were barred from entering the Pai River. On June 24, 1859 they tried to force their way through but were repulsed with heavy losses. Heartened by the victory, the Court at Peking entrusted Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in with the defense of Taku against further attacks. But as he concentrated for the defense the Allied forces landed (August 1, 1860) at Peitang, a small port northeast of Taku, and forced Sêngko-lin-rh'in to withdraw to Tungchow. He was defeated at Pa-li-ch'iao on September 21, and the next day the Emperor left the Summer Palace (Yüan-ming Yüan) for Jehôl. Thereafter Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in was unable, with his remnant forces, to engage in another battle. Finally the Allied troops entered Peking (October 13), the Yüanming Yüan was destroyed (October 18-19) and peace treaties were signed a few days later (see under I-hsin).

After the defeat at Pa-li-ch'iao, Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in was deprived of his rank and titles, but was entrusted with the suppression of bandits in the neighborhood of Peking. Soon after the treaties of peace were concluded he was again made a prince of the second degree and given other honors. He was then ordered to proceed to Shantung to suppress the Nien Fei who since 1851 had spread carnage in the provinces of Shantung, Honan, Anhwei, Hupeh, and Chihli, frequently operating in connection with the Taipings. From the winter of 1860 to the end of 1862 he fought against the Nien Fei chiefly in Shantung, and won many battles. Consequently, in 1862, his princedom of the first degree was restored to him. In the spring of 1863 he conquered them in northwestern Anhwei where he captured and executed the Nien chief, Chang Lo-hsing 張羅形, who had marauded the countryside for more than ten years. For this victory the rights of perpetual inheritance were restored to his princedom. After several months he killed (1863) another important Nien chief, Miao P'ei-lin 苗沛霖, who was a hsiu-ts'ai and formerly an officer of the militia. After acting for some time as one of the leaders of the Nien rebels, Miao had yielded to the government forces and was made an intendant. While maintaining secret connections with the Taipings he had betrayed the valiant Taiping leader, Ch'ên Yü-ch'êng [q.v.]. Finally he had again become a Nien rebel and fought against the government forces at Shou-chou and Lin-huai-kuan in northern Anhwei. He is said to have had at one time a million followers.

Though these two Nien chiefs were exterminated by Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in, their forces were still strong under the leadership of Chang Tsung-yü 張總愚 (nephew of Chang Lo-hsing), Niu Hung 牛洪 and others. Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in pursued them over the borders of Anhwei, Honan, Hupeh and also parts of Shantung, recovering several cities and killing some of the leading rebels. In 1864 an additional princedom of the third degree was given to him. In 1865 he pursued the bandits from Honan to Shantung, marching more than one hundred li a day for over a month. Greatly fatigued, Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in was ambushed by the bandits and killed at a place fifteen li northwest of Ts'ao-chou, Shantung. Several other high officials lost their lives in the same engagement. He was canonized as Chung 忠 and his name was celebrated in the Imperial Ancestral Hall—Tsêreng [q.v.] being the only other Mongol to be so honored. Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in was also celebrated in the Temple for Zealots of the Dynasty and his portrait was hung in the Tzû-kuang ko (see under Chao-hui). His princedom of the first degree was inherited by his son and the princedom of the third degree was inherited by a grandson. An additional princedom of the sixth degree was given to another of his grandsons. A special temple, known as Hsien-chung tz'û 顯忠祠 was erected in his honor in Peking.

After the death of Sêng-ko-lin-ch'in the task of fighting the Nien rebels was first entrusted to Tsêng Kuo-fan and later to Li Hung-chang [qq.v.]. The rebels were finally suppressed in 1868.

[ 1/215/8b; 1/410/la; 2/45/la; 8/16 =/la; Hsiang chan chih, chüan 14 (see bibl. under Tsêng Kuofan); Chung-kuo chin-pai-nien shih tzu-liao ch'u-pien (see under Li Hsiu-ch'Ang); I-hsin [q.v.], Chiao-p'ing nien-fei fang-lüeh; Leavenworth, Charles, S., The Arrow War with China (London, 1901); Woolseley, G. J., Narrative of the War with China in 1860 (1862).]

TÊNG SSÛ-YÜ

「僧格林沁」之名來源於藏語，其中「僧格」（藏文：སེང་གེ་，威利：sengge）在藏语中意为「狮子」，「林沁」（藏文：རིན་ཆེན་，威利：rinchen）在藏语中意为「珍宝」

《清史稿》卷404

僧格林沁，博爾濟吉特氏，蒙古科爾沁旗人。本生父畢啟，四等台吉，追封貝勒。族父索特納木多布齋，尚仁宗女。公主無出，宣宗為選於族眾，見僧林格沁儀表非常，立為嗣。道光五年，襲封科爾沁札薩克多羅郡王爵。十四年，授御前大臣，補正白旗領侍衛內大臣、正藍旗蒙古都統，總理行營，調鑲白旗滿洲都統。出入禁闈，最被恩眷。

咸豐三年，粵匪林鳳祥、李開芳等北犯，命僧格林沁偕左都御史花沙納等專辦京師團防。八月，欽差大臣訥爾經額師潰臨洺關，賊竄正定。詔授惠親王緜愉為奉命大將軍，僧格林沁為參贊大臣，上御乾清宮親頒關防，賜納庫素光刀，命率京兵駐防涿州。十月，賊陷靜海，窺天津。兵進永清，又進王家口。賊不得前，乃踞獨流鎮。四年正月，僧格林沁會欽差大臣勝保軍乘夜越壕燔其壘，賊西南逸，追擊之子牙鎮南，擒斬甚眾，賜號湍多巴圖魯。復連敗賊於河間束城村、獻縣單家橋、交河富莊驛。賊竄踞阜城縣城，附城村堡皆為賊屯。僧格林沁偕勝保率副都統達洪阿、侍郎瑞麟、將軍善祿等諸軍圍擊，毀堆村、連村、杜塲諸賊屯，砲殪悍酋吉文元，賊猶頑抗，攻之累月不下。粵匪復自江北豐縣渡河擾山東，寖近直隸境，欲以牽掣大軍，勝保及善祿先後分兵迎剿，迭詔責僧格林沁速攻阜城，於是穴地為重壕長圍困之。四月，賊乘風突圍出，竄東光連鎮。連鎮跨運河，分東西兩鎮，村落相錯，賊悉踞之。僧格林沁自率西淩阿屯河東，令托明阿屯河西，別遣馬隊扼桑園。會勝保已破賊山東，回軍合攻連鎮。五月，賊酋李開芳以馬隊二千餘由連鎮東突出趨山東，勝保率騎兵追之，遂竄踞高唐州。詔斥僧格林沁疏防，責速攻連鎮自贖。會霖雨河漲，賊聚高阜，官軍屯窪地，勢甚棘。於是議開壕築隄，以水灌賊營。隄成，蓄水勢如建瓴，賊大困，屢出撲，皆擊退。九月，東西鎮各出賊數千，欲突圍而竄，為官軍所扼，糧盡勢蹙。附近村莊皆收復，合力急攻，凡數十戰。十二月，斃偽檢點黃某。悍黨詹啟綸出降，焚西連鎮賊巢，僅餘死黨二千餘人，以大砲環擊。五年正月，破東連鎮木城，賊冒死衝突，盡殲之，擒林鳳祥，檻送京師誅之。畿輔肅清，錫封僧格林沁為博多勒噶台親王，擢其子二等侍衛伯彥訥謨祜御前行走，敕移師赴高唐州督辦軍務。

先是，勝保圍攻高唐久不下，密詔僧格林沁查辦，至即劾罷之。賊聞連鎮既下，喪膽欲遁。大軍數日即至，故疏其防。賊果乘隙夜走，親率五百騎追奔五十里，至茌平馮官屯，賊踞以守。合軍圍攻，四面砲擊，賊掘地為壕，盤旋三帀，穴堀潛藏，穿孔伺擊，攻者傷亡甚多。復議用水攻，挑河築壩，引徒駭河水灌之。賊屢衝突，皆擊退。四月，水入賊窖，紛紛出降。擒李開芳及其死黨黃懿端等八名，械送京師誅之。北路蕩平，文宗大悅，加恩世襲親王罔替。五月，凱撤回京，上御養心殿，行抱見禮，賜朝珠及四團龍補褂。又御乾清宮，恭繳參贊大臣關防，賜宴勤政殿，從征將士、文武大臣並預焉。林鳳祥、李開芳為粵匪悍黨，狡狠善戰，兩年之中，大小數百戰，全數殄滅，無一漏網，僧格林沁威名震於海內。

時英吉利在粵東開釁，乘東南軍事方棘，多所要挾，每思北犯。故近畿肅清後，命西淩阿分得勝之師赴援湖北，而僧格林沁遂留京師。六年，丁本生母憂，予假百日，在京持服。尋調正黃旗領侍衛內大臣。七年四月，英吉利兵船至天津海口，命僧格林沁為欽差大臣，督辦軍務，駐通州，托明阿屯楊村，督前路。倉猝徵調，兵難驟集，敵兵已佔海口砲臺，闖入內河。議掘南北運河洩水以阻陸路，別遣議和大臣桂良、花沙納赴天津與議條約。五月，議粗定，英兵退。未盡事宜，桂良等赴上海詳議。於是籌議海防，命僧格林沁赴天津，勘築雙港、大沽砲臺，增設水師。以瑞麟為直隸總督，襄理其事。奏請提督每年二月至十月駐大沽，自天津至山海關海口，北塘、蘆臺、澗河口、蒲河口、秦皇島、石河口各砲臺，一律興修。九年，桂良等在上海議不得要領。五月，英、法兵船犯天津，毀海口防具，駛至鷄心灘，轟擊砲臺，提督史榮椿中砲死。別以步隊登岸，僧格林沁督軍力戰，大挫之，毀敵船入內河者十三艘。持數日，敵船引去。

九年六月，英、法、俄、美四國兵百餘艘復來犯，知大沽防禦嚴固，別於北塘登岸，我軍失利。敵以馬步萬人分撲新河、軍糧城，進陷唐兒沽，僧格林沁力扼大沽兩岸。文宗手諭曰：「天下根本在京師，當迅守津郡，萬不可寄身命於砲臺。若不念大局，只了一身之計，有負朕心。」蓋知其忠憤，慮以身殉也。尋於右岸迎戰失利，砲臺被陷，提督樂善死之。僧格林沁退守通州，奪三眼花翎，褫領侍衛內大臣及都統。迭命大臣議和，不就。敵兵日進，迎擊，獲英人巴夏禮送京師。戰於通州八里橋，敗績。瑞麟又敗於安定門外，聯軍遂入京。文宗先幸熱河，圓明園被燬，詔褫僧格林沁爵、職，仍留欽差大臣。

十年九月，和議成，命遣撤殘軍，馳赴行在，未行，會畿南土匪蜂起，山東捻匪猖肆，復僧格林沁郡王爵，命偕瑞麟往剿。師至河間，匪多解散。詔促赴濟寧、兗州督師。十一月，至濟寧，賊已他竄回巢。疏陳軍事，略曰：「捻首張洛行、龔瞎子、孫葵心等，各聚匪黨無數。此外大小頭目，人數不少。每年數次出巢打糧，輒向無兵處所。迨官兵往剿，業經飽掠而歸。所至搶擄貲財糧米，村舍燒為赤地，殺害老弱，裹脅少壯。不從逆，亦無家可歸。故出巢一次，即增添人數無算。此捻匪眾多之情形也。匪巢四面一二百里外，村莊焚燒無存，井亦填塞。官兵裹糧帶水，何能與之久持？一經撤退，匪踪緊躡，往往因之失利。此各路官兵僅能堵禦，不能進攻之情形也。每次出巢，馬步數十萬，列隊百餘里。兵賊眾寡懸殊，任其猖獗，無可如何。前此粵、捻各樹旗幟，近年彼此相通，聯為一氣。官兵在北，粵匪在南，捻匪居中，以為粵匪屏蔽。若厚集兵力，分投進剿，捻匪一經受創，粵匪蠢動，非竭力相助，即另圖北犯，以分我兵勢。此剿捻不易之情形也。臣原帶馬步六千，續調陝甘、山東綠營及青州旗兵，共一萬二千餘人。擬俟齊集，會合傅振邦、德楞額二軍，相機直擣老巢。」疏入，詔：「捻匪正圖北犯，應坐鎮山東，以杜窺伺，毋輕舉以誤全局。」尋捻匪由徐州北竄，迎擊於鉅野羊山，親率西淩阿、國瑞當其東，瑞麟及副都統格綳額當其西，殺賊甚眾，而格綳額陣亡。瑞麟傷退，劾罷之，薦西淩阿、國瑞幫辦軍務。又劾團練大臣杜喬岙羽不能禦賊，供應擾民，罷其任，團練歸巡撫督辦。鄒縣教匪宋紹明集眾數千戕官，令國瑞、西淩阿擊剿解散。

十一年，捻匪五旗並出，僧格林沁率諸將由金鄉迎剿。遇賊於菏澤李家莊，戰失利，察哈爾總管伊什旺布陣亡，回師駐唐家口。二月，令西淩阿馳赴汶上，會都統伊興額、總兵滕家勝追賊至楊柳集，戰歿。僧格林沁親駐汶上，令西淩阿回守濟寧。賊由沙溝渡運河，盤踞東平、汶上。德楞額追擊於小汶河北岸，破之，賊始東竄。四月，令舒通額進剿，解滕縣圍。德楞額克沙溝營、臨城驛，賊分兩路奔竄。其入曹州境者，勾結長槍會匪擾鄆城、鉅野，令知府趙康侯集諸縣鄉團禦之。教匪宋繼明復糾眾踞鄒縣鳳凰山，令國瑞、德楞額攻之，連破賊圩，繼明尋遁走乞撫。六月，親赴曹州進剿會匪，連破之於曹縣安陵集、濮州田潭，擒其渠李燦祥、陳懷五等。八月，捻匪渡運河，犯泰安、濟南。 僧格林沁親率大軍追躡，敗之於孫家鎮，賊走青州。九月，襲擊於臨朐縣南，沿諸城至沂水，黑旗捻黨跨河抗拒，分兵擊之，追及蘭山蘭溪鎮殲焉。捷聞，復御前大臣，賞還黃韁，授正紅旗漢軍都統，管理奉宸苑。穆宗即位，特詔嘉其勤勞，復博多勒噶台親王爵。

是年冬，會東軍攻曹郡會匪，破濮州紅川口賊圩，搜斬無遺。毀劉家橋、郭家唐房賊巢，又破定陶賊於大張寺，復范縣。西淩阿等攻捻匪於鉅野境，大捷，定陶踞匪聞風遁走。會匪郭秉鈞自河西來犯，連擊之於崔家壩，至黃河南岸，屢挫賊鋒，曹郡漸清。疏陳軍事，略曰：「捻匪老巢多在宿州、蒙城、亳州境內，其北來，每由歸德之虞、永、夏，徐州之豐、沛、蕭、碭，直入山東之曹、單、魚臺，或由宿、徐北至韓莊、八閘。今領重兵進駐亳州，偏於西南一隅。北至徐州三百餘里，再東更慮鞭長莫及。如派隊輪轉，由西路進攻賊圩，即使得手，距亳州尚遠，東路捻眾豈能坐待，勢必由豐、碭、韓莊鈔襲我軍之後，我軍不得不回顧北路。一經移動，則亳東之賊尾隨，受其牽掣。故屯兵亳州之議，在豫省為良策，若欲衛東省兼顧北路藩籬，則未可行也。臣擬俟曹屬肅清，移營單縣，觀皖捻動靜，剿撫兼施。鄒縣教匪踞險難攻，暫准投誠，以示羈縻，留兵鎮壓。待南捻稍鬆，相機辦理。滕、嶧之匪，德楞額招安劉雙印、牛際堂等，若有反側，仍應往剿。河北教、捻各匪，本年兩次鴟張，眾不過一二萬。臣令西淩阿、國瑞兩次會剿，勝保等方能得手。勝保於此匪尚不能獨力剿除，豈能當十餘萬之捻眾？壽張及曹屬一帶，臣已辦理就緒，毋須勝保前來會剿。」疏上，詔從之。

同治元年正月，捻匪二萬餘由江北豐縣犯金鄉、魚臺，令翼長蘇克金擊走之。二月，亳捻張洛行合長槍會匪西竄，勢甚張。僧格林沁率馬隊追至河南杞縣許岡，賊列隊橫亙十餘里。蘇克金等奮擊，斃賊二千餘。西路援賊至，豫軍亦來會剿，嬰城而守，連日鏖戰。以馬隊伏壕邊伺賊懈，城中突出勁騎衝賊營，伏赴夾擊，毀賊壘七，斬馘千餘。越日余際昌率步隊至，與蘇克金合擊，衝賊為兩，追殺二千餘。於是先破趙圩賊寨，合攻焦寨，援賊數至，皆擊卻，賊宵遁。是役三路合剿，殲匪萬餘，捷聞，特詔褒獎。僧格林沁督率諸將窮追竄匪，破之於尉氏東。賊踞民寨堅守，圍攻之，旋虛東面誘之出，至樊家樓，盡殲焉。五月，補正黃旗領侍衛內大臣。長槍匪黨董智信竄東明，蘇克金馳剿，受降。營總富和破坦頭集捻巢，招撫被脅數十圩寨。恆齡破焦桂昌於曹州，乞降，誅之。

六月，進攻商丘金樓寨。教匪郝姚氏及金鳴亭久踞金樓，其黨尤本立、常立身尤兇悍，官軍屢攻不克。僧格林沁先遣諜用間，諭令投誠，金鳴亭潛允降而不出，其子線駒居郭家老寨，密捕之。會有賊黨通教匪，以鳴亭稟詞示常立身，立身遂殺鳴亭，賊中自相疑忌。至是合兵進攻，游擊許得等率降人為導，先攻入，大軍繼之，巷戰，斬郝姚氏及其兩子，常立身、尤本立、楊玉聰同授首，餘賊盡殲，夷其寨。乘勢連破援賊於邢家圩、吳家廟、營廓集，前鋒直抵亳州境。僧格林沁移駐夏邑，疏陳將帥市恩麾下，督撫見好屬員，保舉冗濫，吏治廢弛，州縣捏災私徵，軍餉不足，言甚切至。詔嘉其公忠，命統轄山東、河南軍務，並直隸、山西四省督、撫、提、鎮統兵大員均歸節制。

八月，令恆齡、卓明阿等追捻匪姜台淩至裕州博望驛，大破之，餘眾遁入山。別股李城、趙浩然等乘大軍分隊西行，糾眾擾永城，復由碭山北竄。副都統色爾圖喜追至魚臺羅家屯，戰不利。僧格林沁促恆齡等回援，親督進戰於鉅野滿家洞，令馬隊誘賊深入，回擊之，恆齡、國瑞分合衝突，斃賊數千。復連敗之於子山集，賊東南竄。亳北白旗捻首李廷彥以邢大莊為老巢，附近賊圩互相首尾。九月，僧格林沁自攻盧廟，令國瑞、恆齡攻邢大莊及張大莊。廷彥見事急，詐稱投誠，誘出誅之，黨羽多乞降，惟孫老莊匪首孫彩蘭不肯出。令降匪李興熷心奇為導，攻入寨，擒斬彩蘭，諸寨皆下。亳東黑旗捻首宋喜沅，因與蘇天柏相仇殺，諸悍黨攻破王大莊、劉大莊兩寨來降。諸小寨頭目聞風歸順，亳北肅清。於是諸捻懾震兵威，多思反正。 二年正月，馬林橋、唐家寨、張家瓦房、孟家樓、童溝集諸賊巢先後剿平，著名捻首魏喜元、蘇天才、趙浩然、李大個子、田現、李城等或降或遁。張洛行為巨憝首惡，見勢敗，時思竄逸。會孫醜、劉大、劉二、楊二等由鹿邑西竄，令舒通額、蘇克金等追之，戰於魏橋，殲戮甚眾。洛行欲由宿州趨徐州，為知州英翰所截。又聞西路諸匪被創，洛行遂潛回雉河集老巢。尹家溝、白龍廟與雉河集為犄角，二月，令舒通額等進攻尹家溝。賊出撲，擊潰，遂攻雉河集。洛行夜遁，追至淝河北岸，拒戰，殲賊過千，擒斬捻首韓四萬等。逸匪多潛匿各莊寨，分軍駐索。西洋寨捻首李勤邦投誠，誘擒張洛行及其子張憙以獻，磔之。捻匪自蒙、亳創亂，已歷十年，至是掃除。詔嘉僧格林沁謀勇兼備，加恩仍以親王世襲罔替，並准服用上賜章服，以示優異。 時北路竄捻與教、會各匪句結肆擾，僧格林沁回師，令恆齡、蘇克金馳赴直、東交界會剿，自剿淄川踞匪劉德培。六月，賊傾巢出撲，追敗之於田莊，遂克縣城。德培遁大白山，擒斬之，進攻鄒縣。白蓮池匪首宋繼明屢降屢叛，擁眾二萬餘，恃險抗拒。令總兵陳國瑞、郭寶昌猛攻，破其山寨，敗竄紅山，死守經月，糧盡欲遁。令舒通額等設伏嶺下，陳國瑞於山北攻上焚其寨，殺賊過半。其竄山下者，伏起並殲。擒匪首李九，獲宋繼明屍及其家屬。留國瑞暫駐，搜緝餘匪。即日令陳國瑞赴皖剿苗沛霖。

沛霖倔強淮北，當張洛行伏誅，懼，請散練歸農。及僧格林沁北行，又襲攻蚌埠、懷遠、壽州，圍蒙城，皖軍不能制。至是僧格林沁督軍討之。陳國瑞先至，連戰皆捷，匪黨喪膽。十月，大軍進亳州，連克蔣集、楊家寨。與陳國瑞合攻，絕其糧道，破蔡家圩，淮河兩岸賊壘悉盡。沛霖昏夜越壕出竄，為其黨刺殺。總兵王萬清斬首以獻，逆黨苗憬開等均伏法。尋破西洋集，擒匪首葛春元，潁、亳、壽境圩寨悉定，淮甸漸清。

時捻匪張洛行之姪總愚擾河南，令蘇克金率馬隊往會剿，而降捻李世忠，官至江南提督，素跋扈，盤踞淮南，將為隱患。詔曾國藩密為處置，命僧格林沁駐軍鎮懾。三年春，世忠自請解兵柄。會漢南粵、捻諸匪糾合下竄，與張總愚相應接，將圖南犯，為江寧踞賊聲援。僧格林沁乃督師赴許州，進南陽，與河南、湖北諸軍會剿，迭破賊於信陽、應山、鄖陽之間。六月，江寧克復，大賚諸軍，詔嘉僧格林沁轉戰勛勤，加一貝勒，命其子伯彥訥謨祜受封，復以所部蒙古馬隊最得力，保舉素無冒濫，命擇尤奏獎，賞兵丁銀一萬兩。

七月，粵、捻諸匪麇聚麻城，令蘇克金、張曜、英翰等分路進擊，破賊壘數十。捻首陳得才以萬眾來撲，戰於紅石堰。蘇克金力戰，殲賊甚眾，遽病暍卒，以成保代之。賊竄麻城南境閔家集，結壘為固，成保攻破之。總兵郭寶昌克蔡家畈，賊竄河南光山、羅山。僧格林沁親督馬隊追擊，戰於蕭家河，援賊大至，稻隴地狹，馬隊失利，自翼長舒通額以下，陣亡將領十二人。八月，復戰於光山柳林寨，先勝，中伏，為賊所圍，力戰始退，總兵巴揚阿死之。九月，張總愚東竄，與上巴河、蘄州之賊勾合，踞風火山，僧格林沁會鄂軍進剿，連戰破之。賊趨安徽境，分竄潛山、太湖、英山。十月，連破之於土漠河、樂兒嶺、陶家河。匪目黃中庸率千人來降，追至黑石渡，令黃中庸為前鋒，襲賊營，大軍繼之，衝賊為兩段，賊目溫其玉等率九千餘人投械乞降。偵知賊分三路，遣兵分剿，捻首馬融和率黨七萬人投誠，願為前敵。賊黨甘懷德誘擒偽端王藍成春出獻，磔於軍前。餘黨汪傳第、吳青泉、吳青泰、范立川等各率眾乞撫，先後受降十數萬人，著名匪首僅存數人。陳得才尋亦窮蹙自盡，惟張總愚、陳大憙西竄河南、湖北境，復猖獗。

十一月，僧格林沁督軍追剿，敗之於光山境，進至棗陽。粵匪賴文光、邱元才，捻匪牛洛紅、任柱、李允等竄踞襄陽黃龍壋、峪山，官軍進擊小挫，而張總愚、陳大憙乘間與合，圖犯樊城。大軍追擊於鄧州唐坡，賊傾巢出撲，兩面包鈔，官軍失利，傷亡甚多。僧格林沁自請嚴議，詔寬之，乃駐軍南陽。十二月，賊由南召、魯山竄踞寶豐張八橋。大軍進逼，令郭寶昌、何建鼇分南北兩路，恆齡、成保以馬隊護之。北路逼賊而營，賊來撲，成保橫出鈔襲，乘勝壓過山岡；南路誘賊深入，從旁更番進擊：兩路皆捷，合軍追擊，直抵張八橋。賊夜遁入山，北趨河、洛。僧格林沁督軍由洛陽取道宜陽，駐韓城鎮。

四年正月，賊折而南犯魯山，大軍追及，戰於城下。前鋒得利窮追，後路為賊鈔襲，翼長恆齡等陣亡。舒倫保、常順馬隊接應，陳國瑞橫突扼橋上，始得全師退，而舒倫保、常順亦以傷殞。賊遂竄葉縣、襄城，陳國瑞乘雪夜襲攻，縱火焚之。賊東北竄新鄭、尉氏，追及於雙溪河，翼長諾林丕勒等擊走之。賊南趨，由臨潁、郾城擾西平，裹脅愈眾，遂犯汝寧。二月，僧格林沁進抵汝寧，賊由息縣、羅山竄信陽。大軍抵信陽，賊又北竄，追至確山。陳國瑞等步隊亦到，令與全順、何建鼇、常星阿、成保數路合擊。郭寶昌設伏山口，僧格林沁登山督戰，諸悍賊齊集，合力死鬥。國瑞鏖戰最力，寶昌伏起衝突，賊大敗，屍橫遍野，由遂平、西平、郾城、許州、扶溝直走睢州。官軍追至，又奔入山東境，渡運河至寧陽，折向曲阜。

官軍馳追匝月，日行百里，往返三千餘里，馬力久疲。自蘇克金、舒通額、恆齡等歿後，得力戰將漸稀。朝命先調湘淮軍著名兵將，多觀望不至，僧格林沁亦不願用之。至是匪蹤剽忽，盤旋於兗、沂、曹、濟之間。由汶上竄鄆城水套，句結伏莽，眾至數萬。僧格林沁督師猛進，再戰再捷。至曹州北高莊，賊拒戰。軍分三路合擊，皆挫敗，退紮荒莊，遂被圍，兵不得食，夜半突圍亂戰，昏黑不辨行，至吳家店，從騎半沒。僧格林沁抽佩刀當賊，馬蹶遇害。時四月二十四日也。內閣學士全順、總兵何建鼇同殉於陣。

事聞，兩宮震悼，詔嘉其忠勇性成，視國事如家事，飾終典禮視親王，從優議卹。命侍衞馳驛迎柩至京，上奉兩宮皇太后親奠，賜金治喪，祀昭忠祠，於立功地方建專祠，配享太廟，諡曰忠，預繪像紫光閣。七年，捻平，遣官賜祭一壇。光緒十五年，皇太后歸政，敕於京師安定門內建專祠，祠曰顯忠。子伯彥訥謨祜襲親王爵，孫那爾蘇襲封貝勒，次孫溫都蘇封輔國公。

僧格林沁所部騎兵最號勁旅，驍將以舒通額、恆齡、蘇克金為最，均先殞。及從難，僅全順、何建鼇二人。兩次治海防，倚提督史榮椿、樂善，先後死事焉。其將勇營者，陳國瑞、郭寶昌最有名，並自有傳。