Jangtai 彰泰

JANGTAI 彰泰, 1636–1690, general, was a member of the Imperial Family. He was a great-grandson of Nurhaci [q.v.], a grandson of Abatai [q.v.], and a son of Bohoto (see under Abatai). After Bohoto died (1648) Jangtai inherited the reduced rank of a prince of the fifth degree which, however, was soon raised one degree to beise 貝子. In 1674, when Shang-shan 尚善 (beile, or prince of the third degree, d. 1678), a grandson of Šurhaci [q.v.], was made commander-in-chief of the armies sent to Hunan to suppress the rebellion of Wu San-kuei [q.v.], Jangtai was appointed assistant commander. While in Hupeh Jangtai and Shang-shan were several times reprimanded for their inactivity and were urged to advance southward on Changsha. In 1676 they reported a naval victory on Lake Tung-t'ing, but were unable to dislodge Wu's men from northern Hunan.

In 1678 Shang-shan died and Cani 察尼 (d. 1688, posthumous name 恪僖, fourth son of Dodo, q.v.) succeeded to the rank of commander-in-chief. Jangtai was given the title of Fu-yüan Chiang-chün 撫遠將軍. In 1679 when Wu's forces in Hunan collapsed, Jangtai recovered several cities in northern Hunan while his uncle, Yolo [q.v.], took Changsha; and a cousin, Labu [q.v.], took Hengchow. Late in 1679, after they had joined forces at Hengchow, Yolo was recalled to Peking while Jangtai succeeded him as commander-in-chief with the title Ting-yüan p'ing-k'ou Ta Chiang-chün (see under Yolo). After conquering Hunan, Jangtai and Ts'ai Yü-jung [q.v.] together advanced on Kweichow (1680).

In 1681 Jangtai entered Yunnan where Wu's forces had retreated. Combining his forces with the army from Kwangsi under Laita (see under Gubadai), and the men from Szechwan under Chao Liang-tung [q.v.], he won many battles and entered the capital of Yunnan on December 8. After the province was pacified he and Laita returned to Peking (November 1682) and were greeted by the emperor personally outside the south gate. However, when the merits and demerits of the generals were weighed in 1683, he had against him the charge of having failed to make progress in the first years of the war. Owing to his later achievements the charge was cancelled, but he received only a monetary reward. He died seven years later and his third son, Tunju 屯珠 (T. 拙齋, H. 髯翁, posthumous name 恪敏, 1658–1718), inherited the rank of a prince of the fifth degree. After Tunju died the latter's adopted grandson (son of Wên-chao, see below) inherited a princedom of the sixth degree which remained in the family until the close of the dynasty. The ancestral residence, however, fell into decay and the family moved to other quarters. In 1860 that residence was allotted to the use of the French Legation.

Jangtai's eldest son, Pai-shou 百綬, was in 1668 made a prince of the fifth degree, but was degraded in 1686 and was deprived of all ranks in 1688. A son of Pai-shou named Wên-chao 文昭 (T. 子晉, H. 香嬰, 薌嬰, 北柴山人, 檜棲居士, Feb. 13, 1681–1732), was a poet. In the hope of improving his technique in poetry he became a disciple of Wang Shih-chên [q.v.] in 1697, and with the encouragement of his grand-uncle, Yün-tuan (see under Yolo), he devoted his life to this accomplishment. In 1714 he pleaded illness and was exempted from service in the Imperial Clan Court. He spent most of his summers at his country villa located about fifty li southwest of Peking—the remainder of the time he lived in the ancestral home (see above). He often made trips to the hills and loved to gather about him scholars of like mind to write verse or to plant flowers. He left 21 collections of poems, in 32 chüan, printed from time to time and known collectively as 紫幢軒詩 Tzŭ-ch'uang hsüan shih, or 薌嬰居士集 Hsiang-ying chü-shih chi. The Library of Congress possesses an incomplete manuscript copy containing 14 of the 21 collections. Since in it the character li 歷 is not altered to 歴 in conformity with the taboo of Emperor Kao-tsung's personal name (Hung-li, q.v.), it is likely that the manuscript was made before 1735. Moreover, the handwriting and the alterations in the text suggest that it was the author's personal copy.

Wên-chao also produced several anthologies. One of these, entitled 宸萼集 Ch'ên-o-chi, 3 chüan, was compiled in 1710. It contains verse by poets belonging to the Imperial Clan, and is probably no longer extant. The original manuscripts of another anthology, 詩管 Shih kuan, in 14 volumes, were once in the possession of Wêng T'ung-ho [q.v.] who gave them to Shêng-yü [q.v.] in 1898.

[1/223/7a; 1/489/27b; Hsüeh-ch'iao shih-hua (see under Shêng-yü) 3/55b–63a; ibid, hsü-chi 3/3a, 52b, 106a, 4/37a; 順天府志 Shun-t'ien fu-chih (1885) 13/14a; Ch'ou-pan I-wu shih-mo (see under I-hsin), Hsien-fêng 70/33a-34b; on verse of Wên-chao see: Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress (1939) p. 267–68.]

Fang Chao-ying

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彰泰襲爵，進封。康熙十三年春，吳三桂陷湖南，上命貝勒尚善為大將軍，率師下岳州，以彰泰參贊軍務。十五年，詔責行師延緩。彰泰與尚善議水陸並進，遣額司泰等破敵洞庭湖，獲舟五十餘。敵立樁套湖峽口阻我師。十七年，督兵伐樁，棹輕舟破敵柳林嘴，發砲燬其船。八月，尚善卒於軍，貝勒察尼代為大將軍，授彰泰撫遠將軍。九月，督兵出南津港。十月，破敵陸石口，屯白米灘，絕三桂兵運道。十八年，三桂將陳珀等以乏食出降，吳應麒走衡州。都統珠滿等克湘陰，彰泰克華容、石首。會安親王岳樂復長沙，簡親王喇布復衡州，詔彰泰與會師。自衡州進攻武岡，擊破三桂將吳國貴等。十一月，召岳樂還京師，命彰泰代為定遠平寇大將軍。

十九年，復沅州，靖州，三桂所置綏寧諸將吏及附近土司俱降。疏言：「將軍蔡毓榮調遣漢兵，今進取貴州，若不相聞，恐礙事機。」詔毓榮軍事關白大將軍。十月，次鎮遠，遣兵攻鎮遠衞關，截其隘，而與毓榮督兵躪敵壘。所遣兵亦奪十向口，破敵大巖門，逐之至偏橋衞，遂復鎮遠。進下平越及新添衞，趨貴陽。三桂孫世璠及應麒等俱走還雲南。迭克安順、石阡、都勻、思南諸府。十一月，復永寧，破敵安籠鋪，逐之至雞公背山鐵索橋，師駐貴陽。詔趣彰泰進規雲南。

二十年正月，渡盤江，破敵沙子哨，進次臘茄坡，復新興所，逐北三十里，克普安、霑益。大將軍賚塔自廣西入曲靖，會於嵩明州，合圍雲南會城，距三十里。世璠將胡國柄、劉起龍等以萬餘人列象陣拒戰。賚塔軍其右，彰泰軍其左，自卯達午，殊死戰，破敵陣，斬國柄、起龍等，俘獲無算。令諸軍分扼南壩、薩石衞、走馬街、雙塔寺、得勝橋、重關諸地，於是大理、臨安、永順、姚安、武定世璠所置將吏，相繼詣軍前降。

世璠將馬寶、胡國柱等自四川，夏國相自廣西，還救雲南，彰泰遣兵迎擊，寶次姚安，亦乞降。國柱走鶴慶、麗江，希福攻雲龍州，國柱自經死。國相走廣西，李國樑等圍之西板橋，國相亦降，與寶同檻送京師。將軍趙良棟師自四川至，彰泰偕賚塔及良棟等屢破敵南壩、得勝橋、太平橋、走馬街諸地。師薄城環攻，世璠自經死，其將何進忠等出降。彰泰戒將士毋殺掠，入城安撫，收倉庫，戮世璠尸，函首獻闕下。雲南平。授左宗正。二十一年十月，師還，上迎勞盧溝橋南二十里。

二十二年，議初下岳州遷延罪，以功不坐。賜金二十、銀千。二十四年，坐濫舉宗人府屬官，罷左宗正。二十九年正月，卒。子屯珠，襲鎮國公。授左宗正、禮部尚書。五十七年，卒。贈貝子，諡恪敏。孫逢信，以輔國公世襲。